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Orofacial clefts in Costa Rica, 1996–2021: Analysis of surveillance data 1996-2021 年哥斯达黎加的口腔颌面裂:监测数据分析。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2387
María de la Paz Barboza-Argüello, Adriana Benavides-Lara

Background

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common birth defects (BD). In 2008, a series of improvements began in the Costa Rican Birth Defect Register Center (CREC). We aim to explore trends between 1996 and 2021.

Methods

A trend analysis of OFCs from 1996 to 2021 and a descriptive analysis of OFCs from 2010 to 2021 were performed based on data from the CREC, the national BD surveillance system. Prevalence at birth was calculated according to the type: cleft palate (CP), cleft lip with or without CP (CL ± P), and presentation (isolated, multiple non-syndromic, or syndromes). We used joinpoint regression to identify if a significant change in trend occurred; the average annual percent change (AAPC) was determined. Marginal means and prevalence ratios by subperiod (1996–2009 as referent and 2010–2021) were estimated using Poisson regression and compared using Wald's chi-square tests (α ≤.05).

Results

We found a significant AAPC for OFCs prevalence of +1.4: +0.6 for isolated, +2.9 for multiple non-syndromic, and +7.7 for syndromes (p < .05). When comparing the OFC's prevalence of the subperiod 2010–2021 (11.86 per 10,000) with 1996–2009 (9.36 per 10,000) the prevalence ratio was 1.3 (p < .01): 1.1 (p < .05) for isolated, 1.6 (p < .01) for multiple non-syndromic, and 3.3 (p < .01) for syndromes. The prevalence of OFCs from 2010 to 2021 was 9.1 for CL ± P and 2.8 for CP. Seventy-one percent of the OFCs were isolated, 22% multiple non-syndromic, and 7% syndromes.

Conclusion

The trend in OFCs' prevalence is toward increasing, mainly due to improvements in the surveillance system.

背景:口面裂(OFCs)是最常见的出生缺陷(BD)之一。2008 年,哥斯达黎加出生缺陷登记中心(CREC)开始进行一系列改进。我们旨在探讨 1996 年至 2021 年间的趋势:方法:根据国家 BD 监测系统 CREC 的数据,对 1996 年至 2021 年的 OFCs 进行了趋势分析,并对 2010 年至 2021 年的 OFCs 进行了描述性分析。出生时的患病率按以下类型计算:腭裂(CP)、唇裂伴或不伴CP(CL±P),以及表现形式(孤立、多发性非综合征或综合征)。我们使用连接点回归法来确定趋势是否发生了显著变化;确定了年均百分比变化 (AAPC)。我们使用泊松回归法估算了各子期(1996-2009 年为参照期,2010-2021 年为参照期)的边际均值和流行率,并使用沃尔德卡方检验(α ≤.05)进行了比较:结果:我们发现 AAPC 对 OFCs 患病率的显着影响为:+1.4:孤立型+0.6,多发性非综合征+2.9,综合征+7.7(p 结论:OFCs 的发病率呈明显的 AAPC+1.4:孤立型+0.6,多发性非综合征+2.9,综合征+7.7:OFC 发病率呈上升趋势,这主要归功于监测系统的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring misclassification and sample bias in passive surveillance systems: Improving prevalence estimates of critical congenital heart defects in state-based passive surveillance systems 测量被动监测系统中的分类错误和样本偏差:改进以州为基础的被动监测系统中先天性心脏病患病率的估算。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2386
Chris Barnett, James Christiansen, Monica Mills, Jordyn Lord, Jared Parrish

Objectives

We assessed reporting misclassification for 12 critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) identified through administrative diagnosis codes within a passive surveillance system. We measured the effect of misclassification on prevalence estimation. Lastly, we investigated a sample-based review strategy to estimate surveillance misclassification resulting from administrative diagnosis codes for case detection.

Methods

We received 419 reports of CCHDs between 2007 and 2018; 414 were clinically reviewed. We calculated confirmation probabilities to assess misclassification and adjust prevalence estimates. Random samples of reported cases were taken at proportions between 20% and 90% for each condition to assess sample bias. Sampling was repeated 1000 times to measure sample-estimate variability.

Results

Misclassification ranged from a low of 19% (n = 4/21) to a high of 84% (n = 21/25). Unconfirmed prevalence rates ranged between one and six cases per 10,000 live births, with some conditions significantly higher than national estimates. However, confirmed rates were either lower or comparable to national estimates.

Conclusion

Passive birth defect surveillance programs that rely on administrative diagnosis codes for case identification of CCHDs are subject to misclassification that bias prevalence estimates. We showed that a sample-based review could improve the prevalence estimates of 12 cardiovascular conditions relative to their unconfirmed prevalence rates.

目的:我们评估了被动监测系统中通过行政诊断代码确定的 12 种严重先天性心脏缺陷 (CCHD) 的报告分类错误。我们测量了错误分类对患病率估算的影响。最后,我们研究了一种基于样本的审查策略,以估计行政诊断代码在病例检测中导致的监测分类错误:2007 年至 2018 年间,我们收到了 419 份儿童疾病报告;其中 414 份进行了临床审查。我们计算了确认概率,以评估误分类并调整患病率估计值。对报告病例进行随机抽样,每种情况的抽样比例介于 20% 和 90% 之间,以评估样本偏差。重复抽样 1000 次,以测量样本估计值的变异性:分类错误率最低为 19%(n = 4/21),最高为 84%(n = 21/25)。未经证实的患病率介于每 10,000 例活产中 1 例到 6 例之间,其中一些病例明显高于全国估计值。然而,确诊率要么较低,要么与全国估计值相当:结论:被动式出生缺陷监测项目依赖于行政诊断代码来识别儿童慢性疾病病例,可能会造成分类错误,从而使患病率估计值出现偏差。我们的研究表明,与未经证实的患病率相比,基于样本的审查可以提高 12 种心血管疾病的患病率估计值。
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引用次数: 0
DNA methylation of the Lamin A/C gene is associated with congenital heart disease Lamin A/C 基因的 DNA 甲基化与先天性心脏病有关。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2381
Nandini Mukherjee, Elijah H. Bolin, Amna Qasim, Mohammed S. Orloff, Philip J. Lupo, Wendy N. Nembhard

Background

Prior studies report associations of maternal serum Lamin A, encoded by the LMNA gene, with fetal congenital heart disease (CHD). It is unknown whether DNA methylation (DNAm) of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in LMNA impacts the CHD susceptibility.

Methods

We investigated the associations of LMNA DNAm with CHD using publicly available data of CHD cases (n = 197) and controls (n = 134) from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Peripheral blood DNAm was measured using Illumina 850 K BeadChip for cases and 450 K BeadChip for controls. We tested 31 LMNA CpGs to identify differences in DNAm between cases and controls using linear regression correcting for multiple testing with false discovery rate (FDR). In a case-only analysis, we tested the variations in LMNA DNAm between CHD subtypes. To identify the consistency of DNAm across tissue types we compared peripheral blood (n = 197) and heart tissue DNAm (n = 20) in CHD cases.

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, and cell types there were significant differences in 17 of the 31 LMNA CpGs between CHD cases and controls (FDR p ≤ .05). We identified lower DNAm of cg09820673 at 3′ UTR for hypoplastic left heart syndrome compared to other CHD subtypes. Three CpGs exhibited uniform DNAm in blood and heart tissues in cases. Eleven CpGs showed changes in the same direction in blood and heart tissues in cases compared to controls.

Conclusion

We identify statistically significant differences in LMNA DNAm between CHD cases and controls. Future studies should investigate the role of maternal LMNA DNAm in CHD development.

背景:先前的研究报告称,由 LMNA 基因编码的母体血清 Lamin A 与胎儿先天性心脏病(CHD)有关。目前还不清楚 LMNA 中胞嘧啶-磷酸鸟嘌呤(CpG)位点的 DNA 甲基化(DNAm)是否会影响先天性心脏病的易感性:我们利用基因表达总库(Gene Expression Omnibus)中公开的 CHD 病例(197 例)和对照组(134 例)数据,研究了 LMNA DNAm 与 CHD 的关系。使用 Illumina 850 K BeadChip 测量病例的外周血 DNAm,使用 450 K BeadChip 测量对照组的外周血 DNAm。我们检测了 31 个 LMNA CpGs,利用线性回归校正多重检测的错误发现率 (FDR),确定病例和对照组之间 DNAm 的差异。在一项只针对病例的分析中,我们检测了不同 CHD 亚型之间 LMNA DNAm 的差异。为了确定不同组织类型DNAm的一致性,我们比较了CHD病例的外周血(n = 197)和心脏组织DNAm(n = 20):结果:在对年龄、性别和细胞类型进行调整后,CHD 病例和对照组在 31 个 LMNA CpGs 中的 17 个存在显著差异(FDR p ≤ .05)。与其他 CHD 亚型相比,我们发现左心发育不全综合征 3' UTR 的 cg09820673 DNAm 较低。有三个 CpGs 在病例的血液和心脏组织中显示出一致的 DNAm。与对照组相比,病例的血液和心脏组织中有 11 个 CpGs 显示出相同方向的变化:结论:我们发现 CHD 病例和对照组的 LMNA DNAm 存在明显的统计学差异。今后的研究应探讨母体 LMNA DNAm 在 CHD 发病中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Moderate altitude as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations. Results from a case–control multicenter–multiregional study 适度的海拔高度是导致孤立性先天畸形的风险因素。一项多中心多地区病例对照研究的结果。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2335
Blanca Rebeca Ibarra-Ibarra, Leonora Luna-Muñoz, Osvaldo M. Mutchinick, Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez

Background

Living in high-altitude regions has been associated with a higher prevalence of some birth defects. Moderate altitudes (1500–2500 m) have been associated with some congenital heart diseases and low birth weight. However, no studies have been conducted for other isolated congenital malformations.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence at birth of isolated congenital malformations in low and moderate altitudes and to determine if moderate altitudes are a risk factor, such as high altitudes, for isolated congenital malformations adjusted for other factors.

Methods

The study consisted of a case–control multicenter-multiregional study of 13 isolated congenital malformations. Cases included live births with isolated congenital malformations and controls at low (10–1433 m) and moderate altitudes (1511–2426 m) from a Mexican registry from January 1978 to December 2019. Prevalence per 10,000 (95% CI) per altitude group was estimated. We performed unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models (adjusted for maternal age, parity, malformed relatives, socioeconomic level, and maternal diabetes) for each isolated congenital malformation.

Results

Hydrocephaly and microtia had a higher at-birth prevalence, and spina bifida, preauricular tag, and gastroschisis showed a lower at-birth prevalence in moderate altitudes. Moderate altitudes were a risk factor for hydrocephaly (aOR 1.39), microtia (aOR 1.60), cleft-lip-palate (aOR 1.27), and polydactyly (aOR 1.32) and a protective effect for spina bifida (aOR 0.87) compared with low altitudes.

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence that moderate altitudes as higher altitudes are an associated risk or protective factor to some isolated congenital malformations, suggesting a possible gradient effect.

背景:生活在高海拔地区与某些出生缺陷的高发病率有关。中等海拔地区(1500-2500 米)与一些先天性心脏病和出生体重不足有关。然而,目前还没有针对其他孤立性先天畸形的研究:目的:估算低海拔和中海拔地区出生时孤立性先天畸形的发病率,并确定中海拔地区是否与高海拔地区一样,在调整其他因素后成为孤立性先天畸形的风险因素:研究包括对 13 例孤立性先天畸形的多中心、多地区病例对照研究。病例包括1978年1月至2019年12月期间墨西哥登记的低海拔(10-1433米)和中海拔(1511-2426米)地区患有孤立性先天畸形的活产婴儿和对照组。我们估算了每个海拔组每 10,000 人中的患病率(95% CI)。我们针对每种孤立的先天性畸形建立了未调整和调整后的逻辑回归模型(调整了产妇年龄、胎次、畸形亲属、社会经济水平和产妇糖尿病):在中等海拔地区,水头畸形和小耳畸形的出生率较高,脊柱裂、耳前畸形和胃畸形的出生率较低。与低海拔地区相比,中等海拔地区是颅内积水(aOR 1.39)、小耳症(aOR 1.60)、唇腭裂(aOR 1.27)和多指畸形(aOR 1.32)的风险因素,而对脊柱裂(aOR 0.87)具有保护作用:我们的研究结果提供了证据,证明中等海拔和较高海拔地区是某些孤立先天畸形的相关风险或保护因素,这表明可能存在梯度效应。
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引用次数: 0
A case of Williams syndrome with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 一例威廉姆斯综合征并发沃尔夫-帕金森-怀特综合征的病例。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2385
Cem Karadeniz, Kaan Yıldız, Sedef Öksüz, Rüveyda Nur Keçici, Özgür Çoğulu

Introduction

Williams syndrome (WS) cases have been reported to have with 25–100 times greater increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). SCD has been reported in cases without any evidence of structural cardiovascular anomalies. Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome is characterized by short PR interval and delta wave. Ventricular preexcitations can develop paroxysmal reentrant tachycardia through Kent bundle or less frequent atrial fibrillation and in some cases with accessory pathway effective refractory period (APERP) under 250 ms considered as risky and may lead to SCD. WS associated with WPW has not been reported before.

Case Report

An 11-year-old male who had been followed up with WS was referred to pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic with the complaint of palpitation. Electrocardiographic examination showed short PR interval and delta wave in the ECG consistent with WPW. He underwent electrophysiological study (EPS). Basic measurements were performed, and APERP was found at 280 ms cycle atrial pacing. RF energy was delivered using a 4 mm tip nonirrigated radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheter where the best ventriculoatrial (VA) signals were received and the AP was abolished within few seconds.

Discussion and Conclusions

Although, WPW cases are usually asymptomatic or related to SVT, the risk of SCD should not be ignored. Thus, all patients with WPW deserve an EPS for assessing the AP conduction properties. Due to the increased risk of SCD in patients with WS compared to general population, in the presence of concomitant WPW, these patients should be evaluated with EPS even if they do not have symptoms.

导言:据报道,威廉姆斯综合征(WS)病例发生心脏性猝死(SCD)的风险增加了 25-100 倍。在没有任何心血管结构异常证据的病例中,也有 SCD 的报道。沃尔夫-帕金森-怀特(WPW)综合征的特点是 PR 间期短和三角波。室性期前收缩可通过肯特束发展为阵发性再发性心动过速,或较少发生心房颤动,在某些病例中,辅助通路有效折返期(APERP)低于 250 毫秒被认为是危险的,可能导致 SCD。与 WPW 相关的 WS 以前从未报道过:一名曾接受过 WS 随访的 11 岁男性因心悸主诉被转诊至儿童心脏病学门诊。心电图检查显示 PR 间期短,心电图出现三角波,与 WPW 一致。他接受了电生理检查(EPS)。进行了基本测量,发现在 280 毫秒周期心房起搏时存在 APERP。使用 4 毫米尖端非灌注射频(RF)消融导管释放射频能量,在该导管上接收到最佳心室-心房(VA)信号,AP 在数秒内消失:尽管WPW病例通常无症状或与SVT有关,但SCD的风险不容忽视。因此,所有 WPW 患者都应接受 EPS 检查以评估 AP 传导特性。由于与普通人群相比,WS 患者发生 SCD 的风险更高,因此,即使这些患者没有症状,也应进行 EPS 评估。
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引用次数: 0
Natural history study of Pseudoachondroplasia: A focus on oral health 假性软骨发育不良的自然史研究:关注口腔健康。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2378
Omkar Patel, S. Shahrukh Hashmi, Brett Chiquet, Jacqueline T. Hecht

Background

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a rare dwarfing condition characterized by short limbs and fingers, and multiple skeletal abnormalities/complications. There are few natural history studies delineating the medical problems in PSACH leaving a gap in many areas, especially oral health. Our study aimed to obtain information pertaining to oral health and other health-related problems (pregnancy and childbirth, skeletal health, joint pain) in patients with PSACH.

Methods

To ascertain this information, an online Qualtrics survey was distributed to members of Little People of America, a support group, and through a PSACH online chatroom.

Results

Ninety-nine of 115 surveys were completed and included in the descriptive and multivariable analyses. PSACH individuals regularly sought dental care, but flossing was challenging because of short fingers. Untreated carries (5%), bleeding gums (16%) malocclusion (37%), obstructive sleep apnea (9%), and TMJ disorder (3%) occurred less frequently compared to the general population. Delivery was by Caesarean section in 100% of female respondents who delivered a baby. Bowlegs (74%), scoliosis (43%) and osteoarthritis (36%) were the most common skeletal complications. Joint pain was reported by 85% of respondents.

Conclusions

This study provides novel insights into oral health, pregnancy and childbirth while confirming previously identified skeletal complications in PSACH. Our findings suggest that oral healthcare in PSACH presents unique challenges.

背景:假性软骨发育不良(PSACH)是一种罕见的侏儒症,以四肢和手指短小、多种骨骼异常/并发症为特征。有关假性软骨发育不全(PSACH)患者医疗问题的自然史研究很少,这在许多领域,尤其是口腔健康方面留下了空白。我们的研究旨在获取 PSACH 患者口腔健康和其他健康相关问题(怀孕和分娩、骨骼健康、关节疼痛)的相关信息:为了确定这些信息,我们向 "美国小伙伴"(一个互助小组)的成员分发了一份在线Qualtrics调查问卷,并通过PSACH在线聊天室进行了调查:结果:115 份调查中有 99 份完成,并纳入了描述性分析和多变量分析。PSACH患者经常寻求牙科治疗,但由于手指短,使用牙线很困难。与普通人群相比,龋齿(5%)、牙龈出血(16%)、咬合不正(37%)、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(9%)和颞下颌关节紊乱(3%)的发生率较低。在分娩的女性受访者中,100% 的人都是通过剖腹产分娩的。弓形腿(74%)、脊柱侧弯(43%)和骨关节炎(36%)是最常见的骨骼并发症。85%的受访者报告了关节疼痛:这项研究为口腔健康、怀孕和分娩提供了新的视角,同时证实了之前在 PSACH 中发现的骨骼并发症。我们的研究结果表明,PSACH 患者的口腔保健面临着独特的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
New classification of the penoscrotal positional anomalies 阴茎阴囊位置异常的新分类。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2376
Mohamed A. Baky Fahmy, Ayman Altramsy, Mohammed Abdel-Latif M. Ayad

Background

The aspect of sexual differentiation and the mechanism controlling the position of genitalia, which represents one of the most substantial differences between the sexes, is still poorly understood. Minor cases and some variants of penoscrotal transposition (PST) are unreported, and obvious cases were classified broadly and confused with other unrelated anomalies.

Methodology

Relevant literature published till 2022 were reviewed then organized, recapitulated, and presented in comparison with the findings and data of 65 child diagnosed with PST. So, an integrated comprehensive approach to this uncommon condition enabled a new classification including few unreported variant cases, which were complemented.

Results

PST is classified herein into a cephalic or caudal scrotal migration, the cephalic type subdivided into major and minor subtypes the latter type subdivided into bilateral, unilateral or central subtypes. Cases of caudal scrotal regression is an unreported anomaly in which the scrotum located caudally, as constant association with epispadias/exstrophy anomalies leaving a wide distance between the fixed penis and the scrotal sacs.

Conclusion

PST is not rare as it was believed, it occurs in two directions; cephalic and caudal directions. Scrotal caudal regression anomaly was not described before, as well the PST presented as an inguinal hernia.

背景:性分化和控制生殖器位置的机制是两性之间最显著的差异之一,但人们对这一问题的了解仍然很少。阴茎阴囊转位(PST)的轻微病例和一些变异病例未见报道,明显的病例被笼统归类,并与其他无关的异常病例混淆:方法:对截至 2022 年发表的相关文献进行回顾,然后进行整理、概括,并与 65 例确诊为 PST 的患儿的研究结果和数据进行对比。因此,对这一罕见病症的综合全面的方法使得新的分类方法成为可能,其中包括一些未报道的变异病例,并对其进行了补充:结果:PST 在此被分为头侧或阴囊尾侧移位,头侧移位又分为主要亚型和次要亚型,后者又分为双侧、单侧或中央亚型。阴囊尾端回缩是一种未报告的异常情况,阴囊位于尾端,与阴茎外展/萎缩异常常伴有关联,在固定的阴茎和阴囊之间留有较宽的距离:PST并不像人们认为的那样罕见,它发生在两个方向:头侧和尾侧。阴囊尾部回缩异常以前从未被描述过,PST也表现为腹股沟疝。
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引用次数: 0
Exome sequencing identifies novel genes underlying primary congenital glaucoma in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study 外显子组测序在全国出生缺陷预防研究中发现了原发性先天性青光眼的新基因。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2384
Elizabeth E. Blue, Kristin J. Moore, Kari E. North, Tania A. Desrosiers, Suzan L. Carmichael, Janson J. White, Jessica X. Chong, Michael J. Bamshad, Mary M. Jenkins, Lynn M. Almli, Lawrence C. Brody, Sharon F. Freedman, Jennita Reefhuis, Paul A. Romitti, Gary M. Shaw, Martha Werler, Denise M. Kay, Marilyn L. Browne, Marcia L. Feldkamp, Richard H. Finnell, Wendy N. Nembhard, Faith Pangilinan, Andrew F. Olshan, the National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center, the University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

Background

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) affects approximately 1 in 10,000 live born infants in the United States (U.S.). PCG has a autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, and variable expressivity and reduced penetrance have been reported. Likely causal variants in the most commonly mutated gene, CYP1B1, are less prevalent in the U.S., suggesting that alternative genes may contribute to the condition. This study utilized exome sequencing to investigate the genetic architecture of PCG in the U.S. and to identify novel genes and variants.

Methods

We studied 37 family trios where infants had PCG and were part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (births 1997–2011), a U.S. multicenter study of birth defects. Samples underwent exome sequencing and sequence reads were aligned to the human reference sample (NCBI build 37/hg19). Variant filtration was conducted under de novo and Mendelian inheritance models using GEMINI.

Results

Among candidate variants, CYP1B1 was most represented (five trios, 13.5%). Twelve probands (32%) had potentially pathogenic variants in other genes not previously linked to PCG but important in eye development and/or to underlie Mendelian conditions with potential phenotypic overlap (e.g., CRYBB2, RXRA, GLI2).

Conclusion

Variation in the genes identified in this population-based study may help to further explain the genetics of PCG.

背景:在美国,大约每 10,000 名活产婴儿中就有一名患有原发性先天性青光眼(PCG)。PCG 具有常染色体隐性遗传模式,有报道称该病症具有不同的表现性和较低的渗透性。在美国,最常见突变基因 CYP1B1 的可能致病变异较少,这表明替代基因可能是导致该病的原因。本研究利用外显子测序技术调查了美国 PCG 的遗传结构,并确定了新的基因和变体:我们研究了 37 个婴儿患有 PCG 的三人家庭,这些家庭是美国出生缺陷多中心研究 "全国出生缺陷预防研究"(National Birth Defects Prevention Study,1997-2011 年出生)的一部分。样本进行了外显子组测序,序列读数与人类参考样本(NCBI build 37/hg19)进行了比对。使用 GEMINI 在从头遗传和孟德尔遗传模型下进行变异筛选:在候选变异中,CYP1B1 的代表性最高(5 个三联变异,占 13.5%)。有 12 名疑似患者(32%)的其他基因(如 CRYBB2、RXRA、GLI2 等)存在潜在的致病变异,这些基因以前与 PCG 没有关联,但对眼部发育很重要,而且/或者是孟德尔遗传病的基础,具有潜在的表型重叠:结论:这项基于人群的研究中发现的基因变异可能有助于进一步解释 PCG 的遗传学。
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引用次数: 0
Intrauterine growth in chromatinopathies: A long road for better understanding and for improving clinical management 染色质病的宫内生长:为更好地理解和改进临床管理,任重而道远。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2383
Laura Avagliano, Silvia Castiglioni, Antonella Lettieri, Chiara Parodi, Elisabetta Di Fede, Esi Taci, Paolo Grazioli, Elisa Adele Colombo, Cristina Gervasini, Valentina Massa

Background

Chromatinopathies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes coding for chromatin state balance proteins. Remarkably, many of these syndromes present unbalanced postnatal growth, both under- and over-, although little has been described in the literature. Fetal growth measurements are common practice in pregnancy management and values within normal ranges indicate proper intrauterine growth progression; on the contrary, abnormalities in intrauterine fetal growth open the discussion of possible pathogenesis affecting growth even in the postnatal period.

Methods

Among the numerous chromatinopathies, we have selected six of the most documented in the literature offering evidence about two fetal overgrowth (Sotos and Weaver syndrome) and four fetal undergrowth syndromes (Bohring Opitz, Cornelia de Lange, Floating-Harbor, and Meier Gorlin syndrome), describing their molecular characteristics, maternal biochemical results and early pregnancy findings, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal characteristics.

Results/Conclusion

To date, the scarce data in the literature on prenatal findings are few and inconclusive, even though these parameters may contribute to a more rapid and accurate diagnosis, calling for a better and more detailed description of pregnancy findings.

背景:染色质病是由编码染色质状态平衡蛋白的基因中的致病变异引起的一组异质性遗传疾病。值得注意的是,这些综合征中的许多病例在出生后都会出现生长不平衡的现象,包括生长不足和生长过快,但文献中对此描述甚少。胎儿生长测量是孕期管理的常用方法,测量值在正常范围内表明胎儿在宫内生长发育正常;相反,胎儿在宫内生长发育异常则可能影响胎儿在出生后的生长发育:在众多染色质病中,我们选择了文献中记载最多的六种,提供了有关两种胎儿发育过度综合征(Sotos 和 Weaver 综合征)和四种胎儿发育不全综合征(Bohring Opitz、Cornelia de Lange、Floating-Harbor 和 Meier Gorlin 综合征)的证据,描述了它们的分子特征、母体生化结果和孕早期发现、产前超声检查结果以及产后特征:迄今为止,有关产前检查结果的文献数据很少,也没有定论,尽管这些参数可能有助于更快速、准确地诊断,但仍需要对妊娠结果进行更好、更详细的描述。
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引用次数: 0
Prenatal diagnosis of SLC25A24 Fontaine progeroid syndrome: description of the fetal phenotype, genotype and detection of parental mosaicism SLC25A24 方丹早衰综合征的产前诊断:描述胎儿表型、基因型和检测亲本嵌合。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2380
Emmanuelle Pannier, Abel Sekri, Nathalie Roux, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Laïla El Khattabi, Nicolas Chatron, Sarah Grotto, Delphine Menzella, Gilles Grangé, Florent Thébault, Jérôme Massardier, Cécile Fourrage, Laurence Lohmann, Vassilis Tsatsaris, Audrey Putoux, Lucile Boutaud, Tania Attié-Bitach

Background

Fontaine progeroid syndrome (FPS, OMIM 612289) is a recently identified genetic disorder stemming from pathogenic variants in the SLC25A24 gene, encoding a mitochondrial carrier protein. It encompasses Gorlin–Chaudry–Moss syndrome and Fontaine–Farriaux syndrome, primarily manifesting as craniosynostosis with brachycephaly, distinctive dysmorphic facial features, hypertrichosis, severe prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, limb shortening, and early aging with characteristic skin changes, phalangeal anomalies, and genital malformations.

Cases

All known occurrences of FPS have been postnatally observed until now. Here, we present the first two prenatal cases identified during the second trimester of pregnancy. While affirming the presence of most postnatal abnormalities in prenatal cases, we note the absence of a progeroid appearance in young fetuses. Notably, our reports introduce new phenotypic features like encephalocele and nephromegaly, which were previously unseen postnatally. Moreover, paternal SLC25A24 mosaicism was detected in one case.

Conclusions

We present the initial two fetal instances of FPS, complemented by thorough phenotypic and genetic assessments. Our findings expand the phenotypical spectrum of FPS, unveiling new fetal phenotypic characteristics. Furthermore, one case underscores a potential novel inheritance pattern in this disorder. Lastly, our observations emphasize the efficacy of exome/genome sequencing in both prenatal and postmortem diagnosis of rare polymalformative syndromes with a normal karyotype and array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

背景:方丹早衰综合征(FPS,OMIM 612289)是最近发现的一种遗传性疾病,源于编码线粒体载体蛋白的 SLC25A24 基因的致病变异。它包括戈林-考德里-莫斯综合征(Gorlin-Chaudry-Moss Syndrome)和方丹-法瑞奥综合征(Fontaine-Farriaux Syndrome),主要表现为颅骨发育不良伴颅骨畸形、明显的面部畸形、多毛症、严重的产前和产后生长受限、肢体短小、早衰并伴有特征性皮肤改变、趾骨异常和生殖器畸形:迄今为止,所有已知的 FPS 病例都是在出生后观察到的。在此,我们介绍了在妊娠后三个月发现的首两例产前病例。在肯定产前病例存在大多数产后畸形的同时,我们注意到在年幼胎儿中没有出现早衰表现。值得注意的是,我们的报告引入了新的表型特征,如颅脑和肾脏畸形,这在以前的产后病例中是从未见过的。此外,在一个病例中还检测到父系SLC25A24嵌合:结论:我们首次发现了两例 FPS 胎儿病例,并对其进行了全面的表型和遗传评估。我们的研究结果扩展了FPS的表型谱,揭示了新的胎儿表型特征。此外,其中一个病例强调了这种疾病潜在的新型遗传模式。最后,我们的观察结果强调了外显子组/基因组测序在产前和死后诊断具有正常核型和基于阵列的比较基因组杂交(CGH)的罕见多畸形综合征中的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
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Birth Defects Research
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