Birth Defects Research最新文献_第6页

Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Orofacial Clefts Among Newborns in New York State, Excluding New York City (2000–2019) 2000-2019年纽约州（不包括纽约市）新生儿产前暴露于交通相关空气污染与口面部裂的关系

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2503

Douglas Done, Michele Herdt, Tabassum Z. Insaf, Beth Feingold, Akiko Hosler

Background

Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke is strongly associated with the development of orofacial clefts. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has many of the same toxic combustion byproducts as burning tobacco, such as benzene and PM_2.5, and may therefore act through similar pathways to cause harm to developing fetuses. Since concentrations of TRAP are highest close to the roadway, they can be assessed using distance-weighted traffic density (DWTD).

Methods

A case–control study of birthing parent–newborn pairs was conducted among children born between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019, to people residing in New York State (NYS), excluding New York City. Cases of cleft lip alone, cleft palate alone, and cleft lip with cleft palate were identified from the NYS Birth Defects Registry. Orofacial clefts were also analyzed as an aggregated group. Controls without diagnosed major birth defects were randomly selected from hospital discharge records. DWTD measured in vehicles per day (VPD) was calculated from NYS Department of Transportation traffic data. A multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for the birthing parent's age, race, ethnicity, and census tract-level disadvantage, was constructed to evaluate the association between orofacial clefts and DWTD.

Results

There was a statistically significant adjusted odds ratio (aOR) comparing the DWTD ≥ 500 VPD group to the DWTD reference group (< 500 VPD) found only among orofacial clefts as an aggregate group (aOR = 1.13 [1.04–1.22]).

Conclusions

The current study, covering 20 years of case collection, generally supports the DWTD's potential risk for orofacial clefts. Larger observational studies are warranted to further investigate associations between DWTD and individual categories of orofacial clefts.

背景产前暴露于烟草烟雾与口面部裂的发展密切相关。与交通有关的空气污染（TRAP）具有许多与燃烧烟草相同的有毒燃烧副产品，如苯和PM2.5，因此可能通过类似的途径对发育中的胎儿造成伤害。由于TRAP浓度在靠近道路的地方最高，因此可以使用距离加权交通密度（DWTD）来评估它们。方法对2000年1月1日至2019年12月31日期间在纽约州（不包括纽约市）出生的儿童进行分娩父母-新生儿对的病例对照研究。唇裂、腭裂和唇裂合并腭裂的病例均从纽约出生缺陷登记处进行鉴定。口面裂隙也作为一个综合组进行分析。没有诊断出重大出生缺陷的对照组从出院记录中随机选择。以每天车辆计算的DWTD （VPD）是根据纽约运输部的交通数据计算的。构建了一个多变量logistic回归模型，调整了出生父母的年龄、种族、民族和人口普查水平上的劣势，以评估口面部裂与DWTD之间的关系。结果DWTD≥500 VPD组与DWTD参照组（< 500 VPD）的校正优势比（aOR）仅在唇腭裂合并组中有统计学意义（aOR = 1.13[1.04-1.22]）。结论：目前的研究涵盖了20年的病例收集，总体上支持DWTD对唇腭裂的潜在风险。更大规模的观察性研究是必要的，以进一步调查DWTD与个别类别的口面部唇裂之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Teratogenic Effects of Serotonin Receptor 2B Disruption on the Migration and Cardiac Derivatives of the Cardiac Neural Crest 5 -羟色胺受体2B干扰对心脏神经嵴迁移和心脏衍生物的致畸作用

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2506

Brian K. Wells, Gwyneth K. Garramone, Amira Mahomed, Max Ezin

Background

Cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are critical for heart development, and their disruption can result in congenital heart defects. Serotonin (5-HT) signaling, specifically via 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, regulates diverse physiological processes, including neural crest migration. This study investigates how modulation of 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptor activity impacts cNCC migration and the development of their derivatives, with relevance to serotonergic drug safety during pregnancy.

Methods

Chicken embryos at HH8 were treated with 50 μL of 20 μM 1-Methylpsilocin (1-MP), an inverse agonist of 5-HT2B and agonist of 5-HT2C, and collected at HH14 to assess cNCC migration. Embryos were pre-treated with SB242084, a selective 5-HT2C antagonist, to isolate receptor-specific contributions before 1-MP application. Phenotypic outcomes were assessed at HH32 and HH36 for structural heart defects.

Results

1-MP disrupted cNCC migration at HH14, evidenced by abnormal shortening of the circumpharyngeal neural crest (CirNCC) stream. Pre-treatment with SB242084 did not rescue the phenotype, implicating 5-HT2B as the primary driver, though potential contributions from 5-HT2C cannot be excluded. At HH32, 1-MP-treated embryos displayed gaps in the aorticopulmonary septum. By HH36, interventricular septal defects and delayed development further supported the role of 5-HT2B in cNCC migration and differentiation.

Conclusion

These findings reveal that 5-HT2B receptor activity is critical for cNCC migration and heart development. They underscore the potential teratogenic risks of serotonergic drugs targeting 5-HT2B/5-HT2C receptors during pregnancy, with implications for drug safety and heart morphogenesis.

心脏神经嵴细胞（cNCCs）对心脏发育至关重要，它们的破坏可导致先天性心脏缺陷。5-羟色胺（5-HT）信号，特别是通过5-HT2B和5-HT2C受体，调节多种生理过程，包括神经嵴迁移。本研究探讨了5-HT2B和5-HT2C受体活性的调节如何影响cNCC迁移及其衍生物的发展，并与妊娠期间血清素能药物的安全性相关。方法用50 μL的5-HT2B和5-HT2C拮抗剂1-甲基硅油素（1-MP）处理HH8期的鸡胚，收集HH14期的鸡胚，观察cNCC的迁移情况。胚胎用选择性5-HT2C拮抗剂SB242084预处理，在1-MP应用前分离受体特异性贡献。以HH32和HH36评估结构性心脏缺陷的表型结果。结果1-MP阻断了HH14时cNCC的迁移，表现为环咽神经嵴（CirNCC）流异常缩短。用SB242084预处理并没有挽救表型，这意味着5-HT2B是主要驱动因素，尽管不能排除5-HT2C的潜在贡献。在HH32时，1- mp处理的胚胎在主动脉肺隔中出现间隙。通过HH36，室间隔缺损和延迟发育进一步支持5-HT2B在cNCC迁移和分化中的作用。结论5-HT2B受体活性在cNCC迁移和心脏发育中起重要作用。他们强调了靶向5-HT2B/5-HT2C受体的5-羟色胺能药物在妊娠期间的潜在致畸风险，以及对药物安全性和心脏形态发生的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Brain Weight Effect of Ambrisentan in Juvenile Rat Toxicity Studies Associated With Breathing Sounds, Apnea, and Sustained Hypoxemia 在与呼吸音、呼吸暂停和持续低氧血症相关的幼年大鼠毒性研究中，氨布里森坦对脑重量的影响

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2504

Susan B. Laffan, Kohrs Loren, Kambara Takahito, Turner Sandra

Background

Ambrisentan is a selective endothelin-1 receptor antagonist marketed for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults, adolescents, and children above 8 years old.

Method

A juvenile toxicity study conducted to support clinical studies in patients under 8 years old dosed rats from postnatal days 7 to 62. In subsequent investigative studies, respiratory function was assessed by ventilatory parameters and arterial blood gases, along with other endpoints.

Results

Noisy breathing occurred, and brain weight was lower (4%, p < 0.05) without histologic changes at the highest dose (20 mg/kg/day). Respiratory sounds described as clicking noises seemingly synchronous with the breathing cycle were sustained. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia associated with apneic times occurred, suggesting an intermittent physical airway blockade.

Conclusion

It's postulated that the brain weight decrease was mediated by sustained hypoxemia during a period of rapid brain growth. Improper interaction of rat laryngeal tissues, in close apposition during early postnatal stages, may constitute a sensitive period. Clinical relevance is unknown; palatal/laryngeal maturation timing in healthy children supports up to ~2 years as the period for any potential risk. However, for children with PAH, chronic hypoxemia and/or concomitant conditions associated with developmental delay could hypothetically extend the sensitive age period for potential risk through the third year of life.

Ambrisentan是一种选择性内皮素-1受体拮抗剂，用于治疗成人、青少年和8岁以上儿童的肺动脉高压（PAH）。方法以8岁以下大鼠为研究对象，从出生后第7天至第62天给药，进行幼年毒性研究。在随后的调查研究中，通过通气参数和动脉血气以及其他终点来评估呼吸功能。结果在最高剂量组（20mg /kg/d）出现嘈杂呼吸，脑质量降低（4%,p < 0.05），无组织学改变。呼吸的声音被描述为似乎与呼吸周期同步的咔哒声。低氧血症和高碳酸血症与呼吸暂停时间相关，提示间歇性的物理气道阻塞。结论脑重下降可能与脑快速生长期持续低氧血症有关。大鼠喉部组织不适当的相互作用，在出生后早期紧密结合，可能构成敏感期。临床相关性尚不清楚；健康儿童的腭/喉成熟时间最长可达2年，可作为任何潜在风险的时期。然而，对于患有多环芳烃的儿童，慢性低氧血症和/或与发育迟缓相关的伴随条件可能会延长潜在风险的敏感年龄期，直至生命的第三年。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to “How Does Maternal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Impact Prenatal Testicular Development in Rats, and Could α-Tocopherol Provide a Protective Effect? A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study” 更正“母体脂多糖暴露如何影响大鼠产前睾丸发育，α-生育酚是否有保护作用？”组织学、免疫组化和生化研究

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2502

Fareed, S. A., H. E.-S. Mostafa, Y. M. Saleh, Y. I. Magdi, and I. M. M. Ammar. 2025. “How Does Maternal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Impact Prenatal Testicular Development in Rats, and Could α-Tocopherol Provide a Protective Effect? A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study.” Birth Defects Research 117: e2469. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2469.

In the originally published article, the following sentence in the Abstract is incorrect:

“Forty pregnant female rats were divided into four groups. Group I (control) included a negative control receiving normal saline and a positive control receiving 30 mg/kg of α-tocopherol intraperitoneally from the 3rd to 18th gestational day.”

The correct sentence is:

“Forty pregnant female rats were divided into three groups. Group I (control) was divided into two subgroups: Group Ia (negative control; receiving normal saline) and Group Ib (positive control; receiving 30 mg/kg of α-tocopherol intraperitoneally from the 3rd to 18th gestational day).”

In the Animals and Experimental Procedures section of the Materials and Methods section the following sentences are incorrect. They are presented below with the correct sentences.

Incorrect: “The pregnant rats were divided into four groups (10 pregnant rats for each) as follows…”

Correct: “The pregnant rats were divided into three groups as follows…”

Incorrect: “Group I (Control groups): Divided into two subgroups as follows (n = 5)…”

Correct: “Group I (Control groups): Divided into two subgroups as follows (n = 10 for each subgroup):”

“Group II (LPS group)” was omitted from the following sentence: “Group II (LPS group, n = 10 rats)…”

“Group III (α-T + LPS, protected group)” was omitted from the following sentence: “Group III (α-T + LPS, protected group, n = 10 rats)…”

We apologize for these errors.

法里德，美国，美国，美国。穆斯塔法，Y. M. Saleh， Y. I. Magdi，和I. M. Ammar, 2025。母体脂多糖暴露如何影响大鼠产前睾丸发育，α-生育酚是否有保护作用？组织学，免疫组织化学和生化研究。”出生缺陷研究117:e2469。在原来发表的文章https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2469.In中，摘要中的以下句子是不正确的：“将40只怀孕的雌性大鼠分为四组。ⅰ组（对照组）为阴性对照组，从妊娠第3 ~ 18天开始腹腔注射生理盐水，阳性对照组注射30 mg/kg α-生育酚。正确的句子是：“40只怀孕的雌性老鼠被分成三组。I组（对照组）分为2个亚组：Ia组（阴性对照组）；Ib组(阳性对照；妊娠第3 ~ 18天腹腔注射α-生育酚30 mg/kg。在材料和方法部分的动物和实验程序部分，以下句子是错误的。下面给出了正确的句子。错误：“怀孕大鼠分为四组（每组10只怀孕大鼠），如下…”正确：“怀孕大鼠分为三组，如下…”错误：“第一组（对照组）：分为两个亚组，如下（n = 5）…”正确：“第一组（对照组）：分为两个亚组，如下（n = 10）.”以下句子省略了“第二组（LPS组）”“III组（α-T + LPS，保护组，n = 10只大鼠）……”中省略了“III组（α-T + LPS，保护组，n = 10只大鼠）……”

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引用次数: 0

Microarray Application in Newborns With Multiple Congenital Anomalies: Genotype–Phenotype Correlation 微阵列在新生儿多重先天性异常中的应用：基因型-表型相关性

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2509

Ramazan Keçeci, Hayriye Nermin Keçeci, Müşerref Başdemirci

Background

Microarray is considered the first step in the diagnostic test in patients with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). This technique can detect small copy number variations (CNVs) in DNA and help to understand the genetic causes in newborns.

Materials & Methods

The present study investigated a group of 63 newborns with MCA during the study period. Microarray analysis was performed on newborns with MCA after excluding those with examination results suggesting a recognizable numerical chromosome anomaly and a history of teratogenicity. The observed CNVs were examined in databases, pathogenicity evaluation was performed, and the variations were compared with the results reported in the patient database.

Results

A total of 11 of 50 patients (22%) included in the study had 13 CNVs. Variations in the literature were observed in nine of the previously described cases, while the other four CNVs were described for the first time. Among the detected CNVs, nine were pathogenic, one was likely pathogenic, and three were of uncertain clinical significance (VOUS). The variation in four patients was de novo, two were paternally inherited, and one was maternally inherited. All 11 patients with CNVs had congenital heart defects, 9 had craniofacial dysmorphism, 8 had extremity anomalies, 4 had hydronephrosis, 3 had cleft lip and/or palate, 2 had proximal hypospadias, and other rare congenital anomalies.

Conclusion

Microarray application in newborns with MCA is of great importance in terms of clinical guidance and genetic counseling. With the increase in relevant studies, the interpretation of previously unidentified CNVs with clinical results will contribute to patient management.

微阵列被认为是诊断多发性先天性异常（MCA）患者的第一步。这项技术可以检测DNA中的小拷贝数变异（CNVs），并有助于了解新生儿的遗传原因。材料,方法在研究期间对63例新生儿MCA进行调查。在排除检查结果显示可识别的数字染色体异常和致畸史的MCA新生儿后，对其进行微阵列分析。在数据库中检查观察到的CNVs，进行致病性评估，并将变异与患者数据库中报告的结果进行比较。结果纳入研究的50例患者中有11例（22%）有13个CNVs。在先前描述的9例病例中观察到文献中的差异，而其他4例CNVs是首次描述。在检测到的CNVs中，9个为致病性，1个可能致病性，3个临床意义不确定（VOUS）。4例患者的变异是从头开始的，2例是父系遗传，1例是母系遗传。11例CNVs患者均有先天性心脏缺陷，9例颅面畸形，8例四肢畸形，4例肾积水，3例唇裂和/或腭裂，2例近端尿道下裂，以及其他罕见的先天性异常。结论微阵列技术应用于新生儿MCA的临床指导和遗传咨询具有重要意义。随着相关研究的增加，对先前未识别的CNVs进行临床结果解释将有助于患者管理。

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引用次数: 0

Correction to Food Fortification Ineffective in Preventing Neural Tube Defects in India due to Regulation Promoting Inadequate Levels of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 修正食品强化在预防神经管缺陷方面的无效，原因是监管促进叶酸和维生素B12水平不足

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2510

Kancherla, V., P. Bhalla, S. K. Dutta, R. Mehta, R. M. Vora, and S. Karmarkar. 2025. “Food Fortification Ineffective in Preventing Neural Tube Defects in India due to Regulation Promoting Inadequate Levels of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12.” Birth Defects Research 117, no. 7: e2498. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2498.

In the originally published article, an incorrect unit of measurement was given in Section 1. The corrected unit is given below. This has been corrected in the online version of the article.

Incorrect

The 2020 RDA proposed for vitamin B12 ranges between 1.2 and 2.5 mg for non-pregnant women, children, and men (FSSAI 2021).

Correct

The 2020 RDA proposed for vitamin B12 ranges between 1.2 and 2.5 mcg for non-pregnant women, children, and men (FSSAI 2021).

We apologize for this error.

Kancherla， V.， P. Bhalla， S. K. Dutta， R. Mehta， R. M. Vora和S. Karmarkar, 2025。“在印度，由于监管规定导致叶酸和维生素B12水平不足，食品强化在预防神经管缺陷方面无效。”出生缺陷研究117，no。7: e2498。https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2498.In在最初发表的文章中，第1节给出了一个错误的度量单位。修正后的单位如下所示。这在文章的在线版本中已被更正。对于非孕妇、儿童和男性，2020年推荐的维生素B12日摄食量在1.2 - 2.5毫克之间（FSSAI 2021）。对非孕妇、儿童和男性，2020年推荐的维生素B12日摄食量在1.2至2.5微克之间（FSSAI 2021）。我们为这个错误道歉。

引用次数: 0

Functional Annotation of De Novo Variants Found Near GWAS Loci Associated With Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate 唇裂伴或不伴腭裂的GWAS基因座附近新生变异的功能注释

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2499

Sarah W. Curtis, Laura E. Cook, Kitt Paraiso, Axel Visel, Justin L. Cotney, Jeffrey C. Murray, Terri H. Beaty, Mary L. Marazita, Jenna C. Carlson, Elizabeth J. Leslie-Clarkson

Background

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common craniofacial birth defects, affecting 1 in 700 births, and have a strong genetic basis with a high recurrence risk within families.

Aims

While many of the previous studies have associated common, noncoding genetic loci with OFCs, previous studies on de novo variants (DNVs) in OFC cases have focused on coding variants that could have a functional impact on protein structure, and the contribution of noncoding DNVs to the formation of OFCs has largely been ignored and is not well understood.

Materials and Methods

We reanalyzed an existing dataset of DNVs from 1409 trios with OFCs that had undergone targeted sequencing of known OFC-associated loci. We then annotated these DNVs with information from datasets of predicted epigenetic function during human craniofacial development.

Results

Of the 66 DNVs called in the targeted regions in this study, 17 (25.7%) were within a predicted enhancer or promoter region. Two DNVs fell within the same enhancer region (hs1617), which is more than expected by chance (p = 0.0017). The sequence changes caused by these hs1617 DNVs are predicted to create binding sites not seen in the reference sequence for transcription factors PAX6 and ZBTB7A and to disrupt binding sites for STAT1 and STAT3.

Discussion

The hs1617 enhancer region is within the same topologically associated domain as HHAT, SERTAD4, and IRF6, all of which are involved in craniofacial development. All three genes are highly expressed in human neural crest cells. Knockout mice for Hhat and Irf6 have abnormal embryonic development including a cleft palate, and variants in and around IRF6 are associated with nonsyndromic and syndromic forms of OFCs in humans.

Conclusion

Taken together, this suggests that noncoding DNVs contribute to the genetic architecture of OFCs, with an excess of DNVs in OFC trios in enhancer regions near known OFC-associated genes. Overall, this adds to our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie OFC formation.

Orofacial cleft （OFCs）是最常见的颅面出生缺陷，每700个新生儿中就有1个受影响，并且具有很强的遗传基础，在家庭中具有很高的复发风险。虽然之前的许多研究都将常见的非编码基因位点与OFCs联系起来，但之前关于OFC病例中从头变异体（dnv）的研究主要集中在可能对蛋白质结构产生功能影响的编码变异体上，而非编码dnv对OFCs形成的贡献在很大程度上被忽视了，也没有得到很好的理解。材料和方法我们重新分析了现有的1409组带有ofc的dnv数据集，这些数据集已经对已知的ofc相关位点进行了靶向测序。然后，我们用来自人类颅面发育过程中预测的表观遗传功能数据集的信息对这些dnv进行注释。结果在本研究的66个dnv中，17个（25.7%）在预测的增强子或启动子区域内。两个dnv落在同一增强子区域（hs1617），概率大于预期（p = 0.0017）。预计这些hs1617 dnv引起的序列变化会产生转录因子PAX6和ZBTB7A参考序列中未见的结合位点，并破坏STAT1和STAT3的结合位点。hs1617增强子区域与HHAT、SERTAD4和IRF6处于相同的拓扑相关结构域，它们都参与颅面发育。这三种基因都在人类神经嵴细胞中高度表达。Hhat和Irf6基因敲除小鼠的胚胎发育异常，包括腭裂，Irf6及其周围的变异与人类非综合征型和综合征型OFCs有关。综上所述，这表明非编码dnv有助于OFC的遗传结构，在已知OFC相关基因附近增强子区域的OFC三联体中，dnv过量。总的来说，这增加了我们对OFC形成的遗传机制的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine and Its Association With Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis 产前暴露于甲基苯丙胺及其与出生结局的关系：一项荟萃分析

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2488

Nima Rastegar-Pouyani, Fatemeh Fakhari, Armineh Rezagholi Lalani, Emad Jafarzadeh, Reza Zafari, Nader Rahimi, Ahmad Habibian Sezavar, Seyed Nasser Ostad

Purpose

The growing prevalence of methamphetamine abuse has been regarded as a matter of great concern due to its damaging impact on public health worldwide. Our study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to evaluate the association between prenatal methamphetamine exposure, Preterm Birth (PTB) Low Birth Weight (LBW), and being Small for Gestational Age (SGA). Later on, we investigated the association between prenatal methamphetamine use and the aforementioned birth defects.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of English-language articles in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from inception to December 24, 2021, identifying 1223 observational studies. After removing duplicates, 911 articles remained for title and abstract screening, of which 868 were excluded. Following a full-text review of 43 studies, 35 were excluded due to insufficient data, leaving eight studies for meta-analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata 15.0, with Odds Ratio (OR) (95% Confidence Intervals (CI)) as effect sizes. Subgroup analysis was performed by sample type (urine, meconium, and …), and heterogeneity was assessed using the Chi-square test (I² more than 50% was considered heterogenic), applying fixed- or random-effects models accordingly. Publication bias was evaluated via Egger's test and funnel plots, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess result robustness.

Results

Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine was found to be associated with PTB (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.89–3.70), LBW (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.09–7.38), and SGA (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.04–1.99).

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis shows a substantial association between prenatal exposure to methamphetamine and PTB, LBW, and being SGA.

甲基安非他明滥用现象日益普遍，因其对全世界公众健康的破坏性影响而被视为一个令人极为关切的问题。本研究旨在通过荟萃分析对文献进行系统回顾，以评估产前甲基苯丙胺暴露与早产（PTB）、低出生体重（LBW）和小胎龄（SGA）之间的关系。后来，我们调查了产前使用甲基苯丙胺和上述出生缺陷之间的关系。方法系统检索Web of Science、Scopus和PubMed网站从创办到2021年12月24日的英文文章，共1223篇观察性研究。去除重复后，仍有911篇文章进行标题和摘要筛选，其中868篇被排除。在对43项研究进行全文综述后，由于数据不足，35项研究被排除，剩下8项研究用于荟萃分析。使用Stata 15.0分析数据，以优势比（OR）（95%置信区间（CI））作为效应量。按样本类型（尿、胎便和…）进行亚组分析，并使用卡方检验评估异质性（I2大于50%被认为是异质性），相应应用固定效应或随机效应模型。通过Egger检验和漏斗图评估发表偏倚，并进行敏感性分析以评估结果的稳健性。结果产前暴露于甲基苯丙胺与PTB相关(OR 2.64；95% ci 1.89-3.70)，体重(或2.83；95% CI 1.09-7.38)和SGA (OR 1.44；95% ci 1.04-1.99)。结论：我们的荟萃分析显示，产前暴露于甲基苯丙胺与PTB、LBW和SGA之间存在实质性关联。

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引用次数: 0

Food Fortification Ineffective in Preventing Neural Tube Defects in India due to Regulation Promoting Inadequate Levels of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 在印度，由于叶酸和维生素B12水平不足，食品强化在预防神经管缺陷方面无效

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2498

Vijaya Kancherla, Parveen Bhalla, Subrata Kumar Dutta, Rajesh Mehta, Ravindra M. Vora, Santosh Karmarkar

Background

There is a high prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) and nutritional anemias that increase the risk of birth defects in India. The current staple food fortification regulations for folic acid and vitamin B12 are ineffective in the country. We provide an evidence-based viewpoint urging for WHO-recommended levels of fortificants (i.e., 1300 mcg of folic acid and 10 mcg of vitamin B12 per kilogram of wheat flour or rice) to be included in the regulation.

Methods

Micronutrient fortified foods are being distributed through various governmental safety-net programs under the National Food Security Act in India. Packaged flour produced by some private companies is fortified.

Results

Food fortification regulation, recommended in 2018 by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, allows adding 75–125 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid per kilogram (kg), and 0.75–1.25 mcg of vitamin B12 per kg, as fortificants in wheat flour or rice. These levels are 90% lower than what WHO recommends based on daily consumption of staple foods in India.

Conclusion

Re-setting fortification standards for folic acid and vitamin B12 to levels recommended by the WHO in India will avert thousands of NTD-associated pregnancies each year, as well as morbidity and mortality associated with them.

背景在印度，神经管缺陷（NTDs）和营养性贫血的患病率很高，这增加了出生缺陷的风险。目前的主食叶酸和维生素B12强化规定在国内是无效的。我们提供了一个基于证据的观点，敦促将世卫组织推荐的强化剂水平（即每公斤小麦粉或大米1300微克叶酸和10微克维生素B12）纳入该法规。方法根据印度《国家食品安全法》，通过各种政府安全网项目分发微量营养素强化食品。一些私人公司生产的包装面粉是强化的。印度食品安全和标准局于2018年推荐的食品强化法规允许在小麦粉或大米中每公斤添加75-125微克的叶酸和0.75-1.25微克的维生素B12作为强化剂。这些水平比世卫组织建议的印度主食每日消费量低90%。在印度，将叶酸和维生素B12的强化标准重新设定到世界卫生组织建议的水平，将每年避免数千例与热带病相关的怀孕，以及与之相关的发病率和死亡率。

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引用次数: 0

Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination Between Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women 孕妇和非孕妇接种COVID-19疫苗后的不良事件

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Birth Defects Research

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2505

Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit

引用次数: 0