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Meet Our Editorial Board Member 见见我们的编辑委员会成员
Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x0601190725112327
K. Sun
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引用次数: 0
Preface 前言
Pub Date : 2019-09-27 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x0601190725112228
G. Francia
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引用次数: 0
Coenzyme Q10 Attenuates Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity Through Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation 辅酶Q10通过对抗氧化应激和炎症减轻顺铂诱导的肾毒性
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190701113043
Hala S. Bash and Ihsan S. Rabeea
Cisplatin is an anticancer drug used in the management of solid tumors,however, dose-related nephrotoxicity is one of its major problems. Agents having antioxidants, antiinflammatoryand/or antiapoptotic activities may thus represent potential therapeutic options to avoidcisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Among these agents, coenzyme Q10 has several pharmacologicalproperties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and/or anti-apoptotic effects. The current study aimed to examine whether coenzyme Q10 could attenuate cisplatininducednephrotoxicity or not.24 adult rats were randomly separated into three groups (8 rats per group). The first onewas the control group, rats receiving vehicle (olive oil) intraperitoneally. The second group was Cisplatintreated group, rats were receiving 13 mg/kg of Cisplatin intraperitoneally as a single dose. Thethird group (Cisplatin + Coenzyme Q10), rats were receiving 13 mg/kg as a single intraperitoneal doseof Cisplatin and coenzyme Q10 daily for six consecutive days (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally).Cisplatin caused significant increases in serum creatinine and severe histological lesions.Cisplatin treated group also showed a significant elevation in renal malondialdehyde concentration asa marker of oxidative stress; renal tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration as a marker of inflammation;and Kidney injury molecule -1 concentration. Coenzyme Q10 significantly attenuated cisplatininducednephrotoxicity through lowering serum creatinine and improving nephrotoxicity histologicalscores. Coenzyme Q10 also significantly reduced the renal concentration of MDA, TNF-α and KIM-1relative to cisplatin treated group.Coenzyme Q10 has a potential nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicitythat was demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological analysis.
顺铂是一种用于治疗实体瘤的抗癌药物,但剂量相关性肾毒性是其主要问题之一。因此,具有抗氧化剂、抗炎和/或抗凋亡活性的药物可能是避免顺铂引起的肾毒性的潜在治疗选择。在这些药物中,辅酶Q10具有多种药理特性,包括抗氧化,抗炎和/或抗凋亡作用。本研究旨在探讨辅酶Q10是否能减轻顺铂引起的肾毒性。取成年大鼠24只,随机分为3组,每组8只。第一组为对照组,大鼠腹腔注射橄榄油。第二组为顺铂治疗组,大鼠腹腔注射13 mg/kg顺铂单次给药。第三组(顺铂+辅酶Q10),大鼠接受13 mg/kg的顺铂和辅酶Q10单次腹腔注射,连续6天(10 mg/kg腹腔注射)。顺铂引起血清肌酐显著升高和严重的组织学病变。顺铂治疗组肾丙二醛浓度(氧化应激指标)显著升高;肾肿瘤坏死因子- α浓度作为炎症的标志;肾损伤分子-1浓度。辅酶Q10通过降低血清肌酐和改善肾毒性组织学评分显著减轻顺铂诱导的肾毒性。与顺铂治疗组相比,辅酶Q10也显著降低了肾脏MDA、TNF-α和kim -1的浓度。经生化和组织病理学分析证实,辅酶Q10对顺铂引起的肾毒性具有潜在的肾保护作用。
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引用次数: 1
A Marine-based Meriolin (3-Pyrimidinylazaindole) Derivative (4ab) Targets PI3K/AKT /mTOR Pathway Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Molt-4 Cells 海洋Meriolin(3-嘧啶基氮杂吲哚)衍生物(4ab)靶向PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路诱导Molt-4细胞周期停滞和凋亡
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190509094514
G. Chashoo, Umed Singh, P. Singh, D. Mondhe, R. Vishwakarma
Cyclin-dependent kinases play a central role in the control of cell divisionand therefore it is not surprising that cancer exhibits some features that disturb the normal controlsover the cell cycle. Previous studies related to the development of 3-Pyrimidinylazaindole (Meriolin)derivatives as novel Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors highlighted 4ab as the most potent inhibitor.The main objective of the current study was to understand the mode of cell death and theeffect of 4ab on major cellular networking pathways in cancer.Preliminary apoptotic studies were carried out using flowcytometer and electron microscope.The effect on cellular signalling was studied via western blotting.4ab was found to inhibit the enzymatic activity of CDK2. The inhibition of CDK2 activitywas found to be associated with the down-regulation of P-cdc-25 and arrest of cells in G0-G1 phase ofthe cell cycle in lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Further, 4ab was found to affect AKT-mToR pathwayby down-regulating the expression of major proteins including P-m-TOR (2448), P110α, P-AKT(S473) and P-p-70S6K.Current study shows that the potent anticancer potential of 4ab is mediated via cellularapoptosis, dysregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and arrest of G1 phase in Molt-4 cells.Further, target-based studies showed the effect of 4ab on one of the major cellular signalling pathwaysderegulated in cancer.
细胞周期依赖性激酶在控制细胞分裂中起着核心作用,因此癌症表现出一些干扰细胞周期正常控制的特征并不令人惊讶。先前的研究涉及3-嘧啶基氮杂吲哚(Meriolin)衍生物作为新的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂的开发,强调4ab是最有效的抑制剂。本研究的主要目的是了解癌症细胞死亡模式和4ab对主要细胞网络通路的影响。使用流式细胞仪和电子显微镜进行了初步的细胞凋亡研究。通过蛋白质印迹研究了对细胞信号传导的影响。4发现ab抑制CDK2的酶活性。CDK2活性的抑制与淋巴细胞白血病细胞中P-cdc-25的下调和细胞周期G0-G1期的阻滞有关。此外,发现4ab通过下调包括P-m-TOR(2448)、P110α、P-AKT(S473)和P-P-70S6K在内的主要蛋白的表达来影响AKT-mToR通路。目前的研究表明,4ab的强大抗癌潜力是通过细胞凋亡、线粒体膜电位失调和Molt-4细胞G1期阻滞介导的。此外,基于靶向的研究表明,4ab对癌症中调节的主要细胞信号通路之一的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Head and Neck Cancer with Lung Metastases: Treatment Challenges 头颈癌伴肺转移:治疗挑战
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190701113911
Selvamalar Vengathajalam and Norhafiza Mat Lazim
Head and neck cancer has predilection of metastasising to the lung, bones or liver. The site of metastasis usually depends on the primary tumour location, the staging and the regional spread of the tumour. Patients with distant metastasis are predicted to have a poor prognosis with low survival rate. Oligometastasis is the term used for an intermediate biologic state of restricted metastatic capacity with limited number and sites of organ with metastasis. It is also defined by 5 or less than 5 metastatic lesion in a disease with a controlled primary tumour.In this case series, we have reported three cases of head and neck carcinomas that pose treatment dilemmas because of lung metastases. First case is a gentleman with laryngeal carcinoma with multiple small lung metastases where the treatment options of surgery versus chemoradiation was debated. The second case is a gentleman with low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland with suspicious lung spread of disease. Lastly is a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma with florid lung metastases who completed chemoradiation.The presence of lung metastases does not necessarily mean that the prospect of surviving is poor for the patient. It is necessary to determine the best choice of treatment yielding the best quality of life to maximize the survival period for these patients.
癌症头颈部容易转移到肺、骨或肝。转移的部位通常取决于原发肿瘤的位置、分期和肿瘤的区域扩散。预测远处转移的患者预后不良,生存率低。少转移是指转移能力有限的中间生物学状态,转移器官的数量和部位有限。它也被定义为具有受控原发肿瘤的疾病中的5个或少于5个转移性病变。在这一系列病例中,我们报道了三例头颈癌病例,这些病例因肺转移而造成治疗难题。第一个病例是一位患有喉癌并有多个小肺转移的绅士,手术与放化疗的治疗方案存在争议。第二个病例是一位绅士,患有腮腺低级别黏液表皮样癌,并伴有可疑的肺部疾病传播。最后是一名甲状腺乳头状癌伴肺转移的患者,他完成了放化疗。肺转移的存在并不一定意味着患者存活的前景很差。有必要确定产生最佳生活质量的最佳治疗选择,以最大限度地延长这些患者的生存期。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Molecular Targets and Mechanisms Involved in the Invasion and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer 胰腺癌侵袭和转移的新分子靶点和机制
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190328180331
Ziyi Li, Weidong Li, Yu-xing Dong, Xueying Sun
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths and its morbidity and mortality are increasing. PDAC patients have a very poor prognosis because of aggressive features of PDAC cells, shortage of reliable diagnostic biomarkers and deficiency of effective therapeutics.The article aims to discuss the recent progress in the discovery of novel molecular targets and their related mechanisms in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells.Literatures based on Pubmed database were searched and those related to the molecular targets involved in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC were reviewed.The most promising discovery of molecular targets and phenomena include epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs), metastasis-related genes, hypoxiainducible factors (HIFs), non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which contribute to the vital biological behaviors of PDAC cells and tumor microenvironments.This review summarizes recent advances in novel molecular targets that regulate the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells, and how they are targeted for developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools for combating PDAC. Further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these molecular targets may help to discover biomarkers used for early diagnosis, predicting the prognosis and monitoring treatment response, and also to develop novel effective therapeutics.
胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)是癌症相关死亡的主要原因,其发病率和死亡率正在上升。由于PDAC细胞具有侵袭性,缺乏可靠的诊断生物标志物和缺乏有效的治疗方法,PDAC患者预后非常差。本文就PDAC细胞侵袭转移过程中新靶点的发现及其相关机制进行综述。检索Pubmed数据库的相关文献,对与PDAC侵袭转移相关的分子靶点进行综述。最有希望发现的分子靶点和现象包括上皮间充质转化(epithelial - mesenchymal transition, EMT)、癌症干细胞(cancer stem cells, CSCs)、转移相关基因、缺氧诱导因子(hypoxiainducible factors, hfs)、非编码rna (non-coding RNAs, ncRNAs)和L1细胞粘附分子(L1 cell adhesion molecule, L1CAM),它们参与了PDAC细胞和肿瘤微环境的重要生物学行为。本文综述了调控PDAC细胞侵袭和转移的新分子靶点的最新进展,以及它们如何被用于开发对抗PDAC的诊断和治疗工具。进一步了解这些分子靶点的调控机制可能有助于发现用于早期诊断、预测预后和监测治疗反应的生物标志物,也有助于开发新的有效治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Fibrolytic Effect of Bauhinia purpurea L. 紫荆纤维分解作用的评价。
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190131155256
J. R. Dash, T. Sar, R. Buragohain, I. Samanta, R. Nanotkar
Mammary gland tissue (left half) revealed the presence of excess proliferationof fibrous tissue with disorganization of alveolar structures and the right half showed extensivefibrous tissue proliferation of mammary gland following intramammary inoculation of 2000 c.f.u. ofStaphylococcus aureus. However, oral dosing of Bauhinia variegata L. bark powder at 6 gm/kg for 7days and 3 gm/kg for another 7 days exhibited reduction of fibrous tissue in chronic mastitis.The fibrolytic effect of one week oral dosing of Bauhinia purpurea L. bark powder wasstudied in chronic mastitis with induced fibrosis as Bauhinia variegate L. is rarely available in plainland.Chronic mastitis with fibrosis was induced by intramammary inoculation of coagulase positiveStaphylococcus aureus in group III and IV goats. Group I and III goats were injected with a singledose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg/kg intravenously, whereas group II and IV goats were orally administeredBauhinia purpurea L. bark powder at 6 g/kg for 7 days with a single dose of ceftriaxone at 20mg/kg intravenously.The t1/2β of ceftriaxone with Bauhinia purpurea L. stem bark powder in chronic mastitis increasedsignificantly. Ceftizoxime was detected in plasma from 1 h to 48 h post dosing (pd) in groupIII and from 1 h to 96 h pd in group IV, respectively.Bark powder of Bauhinia purpurea L. at 6g/kg orally once daily increased the bioavailabilityof ceftriaxone and or ceftizoxime in milk due to its fibrolytic effect which was not reported earlier.Therefore, the Bauhinia purpurea L. bark powder having fibrolytic effect has the potential to reducedevelopment of cancer.
乳腺组织(左半)显示纤维组织增生过度,肺泡结构紊乱,右半显示乳腺内接种2000 c.f.u.金黄色葡萄球菌后广泛的纤维组织增生。然而,以6 gm/kg的剂量口服紫荆树皮粉7天,再以3 gm/kg的剂量口服7天,慢性乳腺炎的纤维组织减少。由于紫荆在平原地区罕见,我们研究了紫荆树皮粉口服1周对慢性乳腺炎纤维化的溶纤维作用。采用乳内接种凝固酶阳性金黄色葡萄球菌诱导III、IV组山羊慢性乳腺炎伴纤维化。ⅰ组和ⅲ组山羊静脉注射单剂量头孢曲松20mg/kg,ⅱ组和ⅳ组山羊口服紫荆树皮粉6 g/kg,同时静脉注射单剂量头孢曲松20mg/kg,连续7 d。头孢曲松与紫荆茎皮粉联合治疗慢性乳腺炎的t1/2β显著升高。piii组和IV组分别在给药后1 ~ 48 h (pd)和1 ~ 96 h (pd)血浆中检测头孢替肟。紫荆树皮粉6g/kg每日1次口服可提高头孢曲松和/或头孢替肟在牛奶中的生物利用度,这是由于其溶纤维作用,此前未见报道。因此,紫荆树皮粉具有溶纤维作用,具有降低癌症发生的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) with Liposomal Formulations 用脂质体制剂靶向癌症乳腺干细胞(BCSC)
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190318150757
Sumayah Al-Mahmood
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small proportion of cells that may be responsiblefor improving the resistance of cancer cells to the treatment and metastasis of breast cancer (MBC).Nanovehicles such as liposomes are extensively explored for diagnosis, treatment, and imaging ofcancer. Targeted therapy with nanoparticles can be used to overcome the chemoresistance problem ofcancer stem cells. Liposomes are lipid bilayer nanocarriers that have the ability to inhibit Pglycoproteinto overcome multidrug resistance that makes liposome ideal choice for using in BCSCstherapy. The main objective of this review is to describe novel liposomal formulations that are used intargeting BCSCs, which help in improving breast cancer treatment.
乳腺癌症干细胞(BCSC)是一小部分细胞,可能有助于提高癌症细胞对癌症(MBC)治疗和转移的抵抗力。脂质体等纳米载体被广泛用于癌症的诊断、治疗和成像。纳米颗粒的靶向治疗可以用来克服癌症干细胞的化学耐药性问题。脂质体是脂质双层纳米载体,具有抑制P糖蛋白以克服多药耐药性的能力,使脂质体成为BCSC治疗的理想选择。本综述的主要目的是描述用于BCSC的新型脂质体制剂,其有助于改善癌症的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Computational Analysis of the Binding Site(s) of TNF β-TNFR1 Complex: Implications for Designing Novel Anticancer Agents TNFβ-TNFR1复合物结合位点的计算分析:对设计新型抗癌药物的启示
Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666181126111445
Trupti Khatal, G. Chaturbhuj
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引用次数: 0
Halogen directed drug design of Ginsenoside for the treatment of Cancer: A Combined Density Functional and Molecular Docking Study 人参皂苷治疗癌症的卤素定向药物设计:密度功能与分子对接的联合研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.2174/2212697X06666190131160258
S. Biswas, A. B. R. Khalipha, Md Solayman Hossain, Pranta Ray
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Clinical cancer drugs
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