Clujul medical (1957)最新文献

The diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) require both clinical and imaging examinations of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A variety of modalities can be used to image the TMJ, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, ultrasonography, conventional radiography. The present review outlines the indications of the most frequently used imaging techniques in TMD diagnosis. Because of the anatomic complexity of the TMJ, imaging can be difficult. Choosing the proper imaging technique is essential. Conventional radiography, nowadays, is of limited interest. The use of flat plane films for TMJ pathology is not sufficient, because this joint requires three dimensional imaging views. Osseous changes are better visualized with CT and cone beam CT. Cone beam CT provides high-resolution multiplanar reconstruction of the TMJ, with a low radiation dose, without superimposition of the bony structures. MRI is a noninvasive technique, considered to be the gold standard in imaging the soft tissue components of the TMJ. MRI is used to evaluate the articular disc in terms of location and morphology. Moreover, the early signs of TMD and the presence of joint effusion can be determined. High-resolution ultrasonography is a noninvasive, dynamic, inexpensive imaging technique, which can be useful in diagnosing TMJ disc displacements. The diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography is strictly dependent on the examiner's skills and on the equipment used.

Introduction: The key idea of nanotechnology is to construct and preserve functional structures by means of exploiting atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology has proven to be crucial in pharmacological medicine, tissue engineering, clinical diagnosis, long term conservation of biological tissues in a cryogenic state, protein detection, tumor destruction and magnetic resonance imaging.The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the specific characteristics of nanostructured materials, their applications and advantages that they bring to dentistry.

Method: We conducted an electronic scientific database research that included PubMed, Cochrane and Medline. The following keywords were used: nanotechnology, nanodentistry and silver nanoparticles. Initially 1650 original articles were retrieved from the these mentioned international databases, which were screened in detail. We included literature reviews that dealt with the comprehensive applications of nanostructured particles and silver nanoparticles in particular, in all fields of contemporary dentistry. Case reports, clinical trials, editorials and opinion letters were excluded in the first phase of our research. Fifty two articles met all the selection criteria and were ultimately selected and reviewed.

Results: Nanotechnology deals with the production of various types of nanomaterials with potential applications in the field of biomedicine. Silver nanoparticles have the capacity to eliminate dental caries producing bacteria or repair teeth enamel with signs of dental decay. Nanodentistry will allow better oral health by use of nanostructured materials. Treatment opportunities that nanotechnology has to offer in contemporary dentistry include local anesthesia, permanent treatment of dental hypersensitivity, orthodontic and oral health care with nanorobotic dentifrice.

Conclusion: The studies that we reviewed are largely in favor of nanotechnology and nanostructured materials, highlighting their qualities and enhancements they bring to the field of dentistry. Although many of these products that benefit from silver nanoparticles properties are still expensive and exclusive, we can foresee major improvements and demand regarding dental biomaterials with nanoparticles incorporated in the near future.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate electrolyzed saline, produced from a custom-made chair side apparatus for its cleaning effect on root canal walls.

Methods: A chair side apparatus has been designed to produce and dispense electrolytically activated solutions (Electrolyzed saline) for the purpose of root canal irrigation. Two different solutions, one, which is oxidizing in nature, consisting primarily of Chlorine derivatives and another, reducing in nature, consisting primarily of sodium hydroxide, are obtained. A combination of these two solutions was used for root canal irrigation in extracted teeth. Root canals were split and the samples were subjected to Scanning electron microscopic evaluation.

Results: Under the conditions of this study, electrolyzed saline significantly cleaned the root canal surfaces well, opening the dentinal tubules and removing the smear layer.

Significance: There has been a constant search for the ideal root canal irrigant. Sodium hypochlorite has been vastly used but its toxicity and storage risks are of concern. Electrolyzed saline has been produced from saline and the apparatus prepares and dispenses the solution chair side, obviating storage needs.

Background and aims: Chelating agents therapy is recommended for polytransfused patients that have evidence of iron overload (an elevated serum ferritin or received over 20 units of red blood cell transfusions). Deferasirox showed efficacy and safety in maintaining or reducing body iron. Iron chelation therapy was associated with hematopoiesis improvement in transfusion-dependent patients.Our objectives were to analyze differences in ferritin level in adult polytransfused patients treated with Deferasirox, to estimate the erythroid improvement and variation of the number of red blood cell transfusion after introducing Deferasirox, to evaluate the side effects of the treatment.

Methods: Retrospective study including all the adult polytransfused patients treated with Deferasirox in Hematology Departments of three county hospitals in the North-West of Romania.

Results: We included 40 polytransfused patients treated with Deferasirox in standard doses. There was a significant reduction in serum ferritine from baseline for all the patients (Friedman test, χ2(2)=26.82, p<0.001). Safety profile of Deferasirox was good (three digestive side effects). RBCT were administered before (mean 2.43±1.09 units/month) and after starting Deferasirox (mean 1.40±0.97 units/month), the difference is statistically significant (Student Test, t(39)=6.98, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Deferasirox proves to be an effective iron chelator, the serum level of ferritine decreased for all the patients during the treatment and 22.5 % of the patients developed an erythroid improvement. Safety and compliance were good.

Background and aim: Musicians face professional challenges that may lead them to adopt unhealthy lifestyles. They also may present performance-related anxiety. We investigated anxiety and lifestyle patterns in musicians, both professional and trainees.

Methods: A prospective controlled protocol was developed. Musicians (employed or students) and matched controls (also employed and students) were surveyed with several questionnaires on lifestyle and some psychological factors: anxiety and music performance anxiety.

Results: General anxiety and music performance anxiety are higher in music students compared with trained musicians. Musicians have also higher anxiety scores than their matched controls. Soloists have higher scores of anxiety, also percussion and keyboard students. Musicians smoke less than controls, but sleep also less, a factor perceived as an index for stress. BMI was also higher in musicians.

Conclusions: Performing music is associated with anxiety levels that are higher than in control population. Trainees have higher scores than the employed musicians.

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder among hospitalized patients and in the clinical setting. Patients with hyponatremia may develop a variety of symptoms, primarily neurological and gastrointestinal. Hyponatremia is more frequently encountered in patients with an underlying heart disease, particularly in the elderly. We hereby present a case of complete atrioventricular block in an elderly patient who had undergone aortic valve replacement and had been using thiazide. Complete atrioventricular block improved after sodium replacement therapy and no other cause of electrolyte disorder was documented.

Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) approach has been successfully employed for a number of urologic procedures. The retroperitoneal approach further limits the working space and instrument movement during LESS surgery, but has the advantage of a faster post-operative recovery and lower complications rate. We present our first experience using retroperitoneal LESS approach for a renal cyst decortication in a 40-year-old patient. The operative time was 40 minutes, the blood loss was minimal and we did not encounter significant conflicts between the instruments. The patient was discharged 2 days after the procedure and returned to full normal activity within one week. We consider that the retroperitoneal LESS approach is feasible for upper tract urologic surgery. Pre-bent instruments might further improve surgical gestures and extend the indications for more complex procedures. Nevertheless, the advent of reusable devices is expected to increase the cost-effectiveness of LESS and expand its use.

Background and aims: Internet addiction (IA) has negative consequences on the mental health and affects daily activities. This study was conducted with the aim to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction among dental university students and to determine if there is any relationship of excessive Internet use with depression and academic performance among students.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study which included 384 dental students from different academic years. A questionnaire was prepared that collected information on demographic characteristics, pattern of Internet use, duration of use, and most common mode of Internet access. Internet addiction was assessed using Youngs Internet Addiction test. Depression was assessed using Becks depression inventory [BDI-1].

Results: The prevalence of Internet addiction and depression was found to be 6% and 21.5% respectively. The first year students showed the highest mean Internet addiction (17.42±12.40) score. Chatting was the main purpose for Internet use. Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who were depressed (Odds Ratio=6.00, p value<0.0001*) and scored less than 60% marks (Odds Ratio=6.71, p value<0.0001*) were more likely to be addicted to Internet.

Conclusion: The addiction to internet has negative impact on mental health and academic performance. These high risk group students should be identified and psychological counseling should be provided.

Purpose: To review literature on the nurses' use and access to Internet Health Related Information (HRI). There is relatively little evidence in published literature on barriers, attitudes and how nurses utilize online health-related information.

Methods: Literature search was carried-out on Cumulative Indexes to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Springer and Sage publications. The search timeframe has focused on the outburst of Internet usage between the years 2000 and 2014.

Results: Quality of available websites and databases containing health-related information vary widely in their accuracy, validity and reliability that require nurses to continuously evaluate their relevance.

Conclusion: Emphasis on the necessity for training in the use of information technology is important to the nurses' continuous professional development. Literature showed a strong evidence of the increased access to the Internet by nurses to retrieve information related to clinical practice, which in turns enhance the quality of care and communication among nurses.