Journal of stem cell and regenerative biology最新文献

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Reconstruction of Lower Jaw by Iliac Bone Graft, Experimental Study on Rabbit and Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells 兔髂骨移植重建下颌骨的实验研究及间充质干细胞的作用

Journal of stem cell and regenerative biology

Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.18.1879

R. Kummoona, Ali Zayed, Ommega Internationals

page no: 20/24 www.ommegaonline.org Vol:4 Issue: 1 Abstract: In this research, twelve young male Rabbits age of 3 months are weighted 1.25 kg, divided in two groups of 5 Rabbits and 2 Rabbits were used as control. They were subjected to surgical osteoctomy by excising bone 1.5cm from the body of the mandible and bone graft of 2cm harvested from the iliac crest. The graft was fixed by soft stainless steel wire of 0.25 mm, post-operative systemic antibiotic of ceftriaxone of 20 mg / kg IM of body weight for six days prescribed, oxidized regenerated cellulose mesh was used to cover the graft of group B. After 3 months the experiment was terminated, the result were 2 Rabbits passed, one Rabbit end with infection and one with slight injury to Sciatic nerve without effect on mastication. The dyed Rabbits and one with infection were excluded from this experiment. The cytological changes of bone grafting showed formation of healthy granulation tissue with mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow of bony segments of the mandible with platelets growth factor (PDGF) and from periosteum and covering muscles with large amount of fibroblasts with tiny blood vessels. Osteoblast was noticed more with chondrocyte and osteoid tissue with bone graft that covered by Surgical mesh (oxidized regenerated cellulose) soaked in blood and covered bone graft of group B to get faster healing in group B than in group A. The aim of this research to understand the cytological changes that occurred in the graft and recipient area.

摘要:选取体重1.25 kg、3月龄的雄性幼兔12只，分为两组，每组5只，对照组2只。手术切除下颌骨1.5cm的骨，髂骨移植2cm的骨。采用0.25 mm软不锈钢丝固定，术后给予头孢曲松20 mg / kg体重全身抗生素6天，b组用氧化再生纤维素网覆盖，3个月后终止实验，结果2只兔通过，1只感染，1只坐骨神经轻微损伤，无咀嚼影响。染色兔和感染兔均被排除在本实验之外。移植骨的细胞学变化显示，从颌骨骨节段骨髓中提取的间充质干细胞与血小板生长因子(PDGF)和骨膜形成健康的肉芽组织，并在肌肉上覆盖大量具有微小血管的成纤维细胞。成骨细胞中软骨细胞和骨样组织较多，骨移植物用外科补片(氧化再生纤维素)覆盖，浸泡在血液中，B组覆盖骨移植物，B组愈合速度快于a组。本研究的目的是了解移植物和受体区域的细胞学变化。

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引用次数: 4

Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Clinical Applications. 间充质基质细胞的免疫调节作用及其临床应用。

Journal of stem cell and regenerative biology

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-04-10 DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.17.022

Joaquin Cagliani, Daniel Grande, Ernesto P Molmenti, Edmund J Miller, Horacio L R Rilo

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can be isolated and expanded from various sources. MSCs modulate the function of immune cells, including T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. An understanding of the interaction between MSCs and the inflammatory microenvironment will provide critical information in revealing the precise in vivo mechanisms involved in MSCs-mediated therapeutic effects, and for designing more practical protocols for the clinical use of these cells. In this review we describe the current knowledge of the unique biological properties of MSCs, the immunosuppressive effects on immune-competent cells and the paracrine role of soluble factors. A summary of the participation of MSCs in preclinical and clinical studies in treating autoimmune diseases and other diseases is described. We also discuss the current challenges of their use and their potential roles in cell therapies.

间充质基质细胞（MSCs）是一种多能祖细胞，可从各种来源分离和扩增。间充质干细胞可调节免疫细胞的功能，包括 T 和 B 淋巴细胞、树突状细胞和自然杀伤细胞。了解间充质干细胞与炎症微环境之间的相互作用将为揭示间充质干细胞介导的治疗效果的确切体内机制提供重要信息，并为这些细胞的临床应用设计更实用的方案。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍有关间充质干细胞独特生物特性、对免疫功能细胞的免疫抑制作用以及可溶性因子的旁分泌作用的现有知识。文中概述了间充质干细胞参与治疗自身免疫性疾病和其他疾病的临床前研究和临床研究的情况。我们还讨论了目前使用间充质干细胞所面临的挑战及其在细胞疗法中的潜在作用。

引用次数: 0

Neurons Self-Organize Around Salivary Epithelial Cells in Novel Co-Culture Model 神经元在唾液上皮细胞周围自组织的新共培养模型

Journal of stem cell and regenerative biology

Pub Date : 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.16.013

S. Sommakia, O. Baker

Salivary gland bioengineering requires understanding the interaction between salivary epithelium and surrounding tissues. An important component of salivary glands is the presence of neurons. No previous studies have investigated how neurons and salivary epithelial cells interact in an in vitro co-culture model. In this study, we describe the self-organization of neurons around salivary epithelial cells in co-culture, in a similar fashion to what occurs in native tissue. We cultured primary mouse cortical neurons (m-CN) with a salivary epithelial cell line (Par-C10) on growth factor-reduced Matrigel (GFR-MG) for 4 days. After this time, co-cultures were compared with native salivary glands using confocal microscopy. Our findings indicate that m-CN were able to self-organize basolaterally to salivary epithelial cell clusters in a similar manner to what occurs in native tissue. These results indicate that this model can be developed as a potential platform for studying neuron-salivary epithelial cell interactions for bioengineering purposes.

唾液腺生物工程需要了解唾液腺上皮与周围组织之间的相互作用。唾液腺的一个重要组成部分是神经元的存在。在体外共培养模型中，神经细胞和唾液上皮细胞如何相互作用尚无研究。在这项研究中，我们描述了在共培养的唾液上皮细胞周围神经元的自组织，以类似的方式发生在天然组织中。我们将原代小鼠皮质神经元(m-CN)与唾液上皮细胞系(Par-C10)在生长因子还原基质(GFR-MG)上培养4天。在此之后，使用共聚焦显微镜将共培养物与天然唾液腺进行比较。我们的研究结果表明，m-CN能够以类似于天然组织的方式在基底侧自组织成唾液上皮细胞簇。这些结果表明，该模型可以作为研究神经元-唾液上皮细胞相互作用的潜在平台，用于生物工程目的。

引用次数: 6

Mice lacking MKP-1 and MKP-5 Reveal Hierarchical Regulation of Regenerative Myogenesis. 小鼠缺乏MKP-1和MKP-5揭示再生肌发生的分级调控。

Journal of stem cell and regenerative biology

Pub Date : 2015-11-12 DOI: 10.15436/2741-0598.15.005

Hao Shi, Florian Gatzke, Julia M Molle, Han Bin Lee, Emma T Helm, Jessie J Oldham, Lei Zhang, David E Gerrard, Anton M Bennett

The relative contribution of the MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) in the integration of MAP kinase-dependent signaling during regenerative myogenesis has yet to be fully investigated. MKP-1 and MKP-5 maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis by providing positive and negative effects on regenerative myogenesis, respectively. In order to define the hierarchical contributions of MKP-1 and MKP-5 in the regulation of regenerative myogenesis we genetically ablated both MKPs in mice. MKP-1/MKP 5-deficient double-knockout (MKP1/5- DKO) mice were viable, and upon skeletal muscle injury, were severely impaired in their capacity to regenerate skeletal muscle. Satellite cells were fewer in number in MKP1/5-DKO mice and displayed a reduced proliferative capacity as compared with those derived from wild-type mice. MKP1/5-DKO mice exhibited increased inflammation and the macrophage M1 to M2 transition during the resolution of inflammation was impaired following injury. These results demonstrate that the actions of MKP-1 to positively regulate myogenesis predominate over those of MKP-5, which negatively regulates myogenesis. Hence, MKP-1 and MKP-5 function to maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis through non-overlapping and opposing signaling pathways.

MAP激酶磷酸酶(MKPs)在再生肌生成过程中MAP激酶依赖信号整合中的相对贡献尚未得到充分研究。MKP-1和MKP-5分别通过对再生肌生成提供积极和消极作用来维持骨骼肌稳态。为了确定MKP-1和MKP-5在再生肌发生调控中的等级贡献，我们在小鼠中基因消融了这两种mkp。MKP-1/MKP - 5缺陷双敲除(MKP1/5- DKO)小鼠存活，骨骼肌损伤后，骨骼肌再生能力严重受损。与野生型小鼠相比，MKP1/5-DKO小鼠的卫星细胞数量较少，增殖能力降低。MKP1/5-DKO小鼠表现出炎症增加，损伤后炎症消退过程中巨噬细胞M1向M2的转化受损。这些结果表明，MKP-1对肌生成的正向调节作用大于MKP-5，而MKP-5对肌生成的负向调节作用。因此，MKP-1和MKP-5通过不重叠和相反的信号通路维持骨骼肌稳态。

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引用次数: 5

Gene Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Choosing the Correct Path 人类多能干细胞的基因编辑:选择正确的路径

Journal of stem cell and regenerative biology

Pub Date : 2015-11-05 DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.15.004

Amar M. Singh, Valeriya V Adjan Steffey, Tseten Yeshi, D. Allison

The recent emergence of targeted nucleases has opened up new opportunities for performing genetic modifications with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). These modifications can range from the creation of a routine knock-out to the more challenging single point-mutation. For both the new and established user, deciding on the best approach for the specific modification of interest can be an arduous task, as new and improved technologies are rapidly and continuously being developed. The choices between the reagents and methodologies depends entirely on the end-goal of the experiments and the locus to be modified. Investigators need to decide on the best nuclease to use for each experiment from among Zinc-Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 that would result in the highest likelihood of success with the fewest pitfalls. Furthermore, there have been significant improvements over the first-generation nucleases, such as the development of the dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided Fok1 nucleases (RFNs, marketed as NextGEN™ CRISPR) that reduces the “off-target” mutation rate, providing further options for investigators. Should researchers need to perform a point mutation, then considerations must be made between using single-stranded oligo-deoxynucleotides (ssODN) as the donor for homology-directed repair or utilizing a selection cassette within a donor vector in combination with an excision-only piggyBac™ transposase to leave a seamless edit. In this review, we will provide a general overview of the current technologies, along with methodologies for generating point mutations, while considering both their pros and cons.

最近出现的靶向核酸酶为人类多能干细胞(hPSCs)的遗传修饰开辟了新的机会。这些修改的范围可以从常规的敲除到更具挑战性的单点突变。对于新用户和老用户来说，决定具体修改兴趣的最佳方法可能是一项艰巨的任务，因为新的和改进的技术正在迅速和不断地发展。试剂和方法之间的选择完全取决于实验的最终目标和要修改的位点。研究人员需要从锌指核酸酶(ZFNs)、转录激活因子样效应核酸酶(TALENs)和聚集规律间隔短回语重复序列(CRISPR)/Cas9中选择最佳的核酸酶用于每个实验，这将导致成功的可能性最高，陷阱最少。此外，与第一代核酸酶相比，已经有了重大改进，例如二聚体CRISPR rna引导的Fok1核酸酶(RFNs，以NextGEN™CRISPR销售)的开发降低了“脱靶”突变率，为研究人员提供了进一步的选择。如果研究人员需要进行点突变，那么必须考虑使用单链寡核苷酸(ssODN)作为同源定向修复的供体，或在供体载体中使用选择盒与仅切除的piggyBac™转座酶相结合，以留下无缝编辑。在这篇综述中，我们将提供当前技术的总体概述，以及生成点突变的方法，同时考虑它们的优缺点。

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引用次数: 11

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