Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.42.153
Saho Matsui, Ryu-Suke Nozawa
Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less compartments that are formed through an assembly of proteins and nucleic acids in the cell. Dysregulation of biological condensates has been implicated in diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is known to affect the assembly of proteins in vitro, if and how RNA is involved in regulating biomolecular condensates in cells is not well investigated. Here we examined two nuclear proteins, FUS and HP1α, in which RNA was found to have an opposite contribution for the assembly of these proteins. Reduction of nuclear RNA, by inhibiting the transcription, triggered assembly of FUS that had been distributed in the nucleoplasm, whereas it dispersed spontaneously formed HP1α assembly. Notably, the cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation-mimicking substitutions in HP1α promoted its assembly formation. These transcription inhibitor experiments are versatile to examine diverse roles of nuclear RNA in regulating biomolecular condensates, in both physiological and pathological conditions.
{"title":"RNA impacts formation of biomolecular condensates in the nucleus.","authors":"Saho Matsui, Ryu-Suke Nozawa","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomolecular condensates are membrane-less compartments that are formed through an assembly of proteins and nucleic acids in the cell. Dysregulation of biological condensates has been implicated in diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is known to affect the assembly of proteins in vitro, if and how RNA is involved in regulating biomolecular condensates in cells is not well investigated. Here we examined two nuclear proteins, FUS and HP1α, in which RNA was found to have an opposite contribution for the assembly of these proteins. Reduction of nuclear RNA, by inhibiting the transcription, triggered assembly of FUS that had been distributed in the nucleoplasm, whereas it dispersed spontaneously formed HP1α assembly. Notably, the cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation-mimicking substitutions in HP1α promoted its assembly formation. These transcription inhibitor experiments are versatile to examine diverse roles of nuclear RNA in regulating biomolecular condensates, in both physiological and pathological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"42 4","pages":"153-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39301596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.32.5.97-103
Zeray Deresse, Teshome Sosengo, Eyassu Mathewos
Background: Community pharmacistsare the most accessible healthprofessionals to the general public and pharmacistsareincreasinglybeingrecognized as a source of professionalhealth-relatedadvice. Objective:Theaimofthestudyis to assessroleofpharmacistsin managingailmentsandensuringmedication safety at Dire Dawatown, East Ethiopiafrom Feb20, 2021 to Mar 20, 2021.. Method: Community pharmacy based cross-sectional study was conducted with interview and structured self-administered questionnaires. All community pharmacists found in Dire Dawa town and willing to participate in the study were included. Data was collected from Feb 20, 2021 to Mar 20, 2021. The data is analyzed and presented using tables. Result: In the current study 50 study participants was included. The 87% of the respondents are graduated with first degree and 13% are graduated with masters. All of the respondents replied that they respond effectively to patient’s disease symptoms in their pharmacy and have responsibility to respond to patient’s symptom. The 67% of the respondents replied that that lack of knowledge and influence of pharmaceutical industry is the main factor for inappropriate symptom management in community pharmacy. Disease symptoms managed by the community pharmacists were cold/flue 37[73%], cough 20[40%], diarrhea 14[27%], and inflammation 10[20%]. The 33[67%] of respondents manage disease symptoms by giving medication, while 33[67%] and 14[27%] manage symptoms by advising the patient to visit doctor and to usehomeremediesrespectively. The 33[67%] of respondentsrepliedthatthey ask if thepatienthaveadverse drug reaction before they dispense medication.
{"title":"Assessment of role of pharmacists in managing ailments and ensuring medication safety at Dire Dawa town, East Ethiopia","authors":"Zeray Deresse, Teshome Sosengo, Eyassu Mathewos","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.5.97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.5.97-103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community pharmacistsare the most accessible healthprofessionals to the general public and pharmacistsareincreasinglybeingrecognized as a source of professionalhealth-relatedadvice. Objective:Theaimofthestudyis to assessroleofpharmacistsin managingailmentsandensuringmedication safety at Dire Dawatown, East Ethiopiafrom Feb20, 2021 to Mar 20, 2021.. Method: Community pharmacy based cross-sectional study was conducted with interview and structured self-administered questionnaires. All community pharmacists found in Dire Dawa town and willing to participate in the study were included. Data was collected from Feb 20, 2021 to Mar 20, 2021. The data is analyzed and presented using tables. Result: In the current study 50 study participants was included. The 87% of the respondents are graduated with first degree and 13% are graduated with masters. All of the respondents replied that they respond effectively to patient’s disease symptoms in their pharmacy and have responsibility to respond to patient’s symptom. The 67% of the respondents replied that that lack of knowledge and influence of pharmaceutical industry is the main factor for inappropriate symptom management in community pharmacy. Disease symptoms managed by the community pharmacists were cold/flue 37[73%], cough 20[40%], diarrhea 14[27%], and inflammation 10[20%]. The 33[67%] of respondents manage disease symptoms by giving medication, while 33[67%] and 14[27%] manage symptoms by advising the patient to visit doctor and to usehomeremediesrespectively. The 33[67%] of respondentsrepliedthatthey ask if thepatienthaveadverse drug reaction before they dispense medication.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"338 1","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76567299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The background includes the study area of the dry eye taken from 75 patients to analyze eye-related disease. This method suggested as earlier detection of eye detection and tries to diagnose the problem. Early detection of eye problem helps the patient to have a clear line of sight distance through fuzzy c means clustering algorithm.The tear film must be detected at an early stage to protect the person from death. The tear film should be a monitor at the initial stage and diagnose by the unique technique, whether it may be the invasive or non-invasive method of dry detection. The invasive approach is the time-consuming process, and many disadvantages in this method arise in tear film detection. The non- invasive technique is not said to be a slow process. So the author proposed the novel approach of tear film detection by fuzzy c means clustering algorithm. The sample of eye images are taken and processed with fuzzy c means clustering algorithm and finds the intensity in both the eye. The accuracy analysis carried by fuzzy c indicates a clustering algorithm of 82% in its efficiency.
{"title":"Non-invasive Dry Eye detection using Fuzzy c-means Clustering Algorithm","authors":"I.Ch, ra, N.Prabhakaran, V.Prabhu, S.Harshavardhan, N.Duraichi","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.S1-S5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.S1-S5","url":null,"abstract":"The background includes the study area of the dry eye taken from 75 patients to analyze eye-related disease. This method suggested as earlier detection of eye detection and tries to diagnose the problem. Early detection of eye problem helps the patient to have a clear line of sight distance through fuzzy c means clustering algorithm.The tear film must be detected at an early stage to protect the person from death. The tear film should be a monitor at the initial stage and diagnose by the unique technique, whether it may be the invasive or non-invasive method of dry detection. The invasive approach is the time-consuming process, and many disadvantages in this method arise in tear film detection. The non- invasive technique is not said to be a slow process. So the author proposed the novel approach of tear film detection by fuzzy c means clustering algorithm. The sample of eye images are taken and processed with fuzzy c means clustering algorithm and finds the intensity in both the eye. The accuracy analysis carried by fuzzy c indicates a clustering algorithm of 82% in its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86319934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.32.3.S21-S22
S. Ahmed
Essential consideration doctors (PCPs) assume a significant part in the advancement of solid dietary conduct. To investigate the perspectives towards and factors related with the normal arrangement of dietary directing in Germany utilizing information from the across the country, agent test of the Physician Survey on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. A sum of 4074 arbitrarily chose PCPs (reaction rate: 33.9%) gave information on dietary guiding to avoidance of cardiovascular illness in light of the 5 A's (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange), mentalities towards dietary directing and patients' and practice attributes. While most of PCPs (86%) detailed having elevated levels of fitness in giving dietary guidance.
{"title":"Difficulties and Points of view in Nourishing Directing.","authors":"S. Ahmed","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.3.S21-S22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.3.S21-S22","url":null,"abstract":"Essential consideration doctors (PCPs) assume a significant part in the advancement of solid dietary conduct. To investigate the perspectives towards and factors related with the normal arrangement of dietary directing in Germany utilizing information from the across the country, agent test of the Physician Survey on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. A sum of 4074 arbitrarily chose PCPs (reaction rate: 33.9%) gave information on dietary guiding to avoidance of cardiovascular illness in light of the 5 A's (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, Arrange), mentalities towards dietary directing and patients' and practice attributes. While most of PCPs (86%) detailed having elevated levels of fitness in giving dietary guidance.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"33 1","pages":"21-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81821847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.S28-S33
M. Merza, T. Faraj, Rawaz Dilzar Tawfiq, Rundk Hwaiz, Harm, Ali Hama, Younis Sadiq Smael
Infiltration of leukocytes and pancreatic acinar cell damaging are good indicators of extreme Acute Pancreatitis (AP). The signaling pathways for inflammation and tissue damage of the pancreas not been elucidated yet. In this study, we evaluated the role of targeting of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) signaling in AP. Moreover, we investigated the role of signaling RAGE in AP. C57BL/6 mice were injected with a RAGE inhibitor (anti-RAGE) (500 μg/kg) before induction of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct to induce pancreatitis. Treatment anti-RAGE decreased blood amylase concentration, neutrophil recruitment in the pancreas, hemorrhage and edema formation in pancreatitis decreased by taurocholate. Additionally, anti-RAGE administration decreased the MPO activity in the pancreas and lung induced by taurocholate. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of anti-RAGE significantly decreased concentrations of CXCL2 and IL-6 in the pancreas and plasma respectively in response to challenges of taurocholate. Finally, RAGE inhibition did not have a direct impact on secretagogue-induced trypsinogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Thus, these findings show new signaling pathways in AP and suggest that RAGE targeting may be an efficient way to improve extreme AP.
白细胞浸润和胰腺腺泡细胞损伤是急性重症胰腺炎(AP)的良好指标。胰腺炎症和组织损伤的信号通路尚未阐明。在本研究中，我们评估了靶向晚期糖基化终产物受体(Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products, RAGE)信号通路在AP中的作用。此外，我们还研究了RAGE信号通路在AP中的作用。C57BL/6小鼠在诱导牛磺胆酸进入胰管前注射RAGE抑制剂(抗RAGE) (500 μg/kg)以诱导胰腺炎。抗rage治疗降低血淀粉酶浓度，胰腺中性粒细胞募集，牛磺酸胆酸降低胰腺炎出血和水肿形成。此外，抗rage可降低牛磺胆酸诱导的胰腺和肺部MPO活性。腹腔注射抗rage可显著降低胰腺和血浆中CXCL2和IL-6的浓度，以应对牛磺胆酸的挑战。最后，在体外实验中，RAGE抑制对促分泌剂诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞胰蛋白酶原激活没有直接影响。因此，这些发现揭示了AP中新的信号通路，并提示RAGE靶向可能是改善极端AP的有效方法。
{"title":"Targeting of the receptor for advanced glycation end products regulates neutrophil infiltration and extravascular recruitment in mice acute pancreatitis.","authors":"M. Merza, T. Faraj, Rawaz Dilzar Tawfiq, Rundk Hwaiz, Harm, Ali Hama, Younis Sadiq Smael","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.S28-S33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.S28-S33","url":null,"abstract":"Infiltration of leukocytes and pancreatic acinar cell damaging are good indicators of extreme Acute Pancreatitis (AP). The signaling pathways for inflammation and tissue damage of the pancreas not been elucidated yet. In this study, we evaluated the role of targeting of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) signaling in AP. Moreover, we investigated the role of signaling RAGE in AP. C57BL/6 mice were injected with a RAGE inhibitor (anti-RAGE) (500 μg/kg) before induction of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct to induce pancreatitis. Treatment anti-RAGE decreased blood amylase concentration, neutrophil recruitment in the pancreas, hemorrhage and edema formation in pancreatitis decreased by taurocholate. Additionally, anti-RAGE administration decreased the MPO activity in the pancreas and lung induced by taurocholate. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of anti-RAGE significantly decreased concentrations of CXCL2 and IL-6 in the pancreas and plasma respectively in response to challenges of taurocholate. Finally, RAGE inhibition did not have a direct impact on secretagogue-induced trypsinogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Thus, these findings show new signaling pathways in AP and suggest that RAGE targeting may be an efficient way to improve extreme AP.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"3 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82053239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.32.3.75-75
Sabreen Ali Mezil, R. Al-Shawk
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) also known as differentiation factor, is a key component in inflammatory and immune responses. TNF-α is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine produced in response to infection, inflammation, and environmental stressors by activated macrophages, and lymphocytes. TNF-α has been shown to play a part in the autoimmune cascade that leads to beta cell death in type 1 diabetes, and repeated antibodymediated TNF-α action inhibition has been shown to protect non-obese mice from beta cell death. We tried to demonstrate a correlation between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and TNF-α, which are both involved in the pathogenesis of T1D, in children and adolescents under the age of 15 with varying diabetes durations in this study.
{"title":"Estimation level of IL-10 and TNF-? in Iraq T1DM patient.","authors":"Sabreen Ali Mezil, R. Al-Shawk","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.3.75-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.3.75-75","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) also known as differentiation factor, is a key component in inflammatory and immune responses. TNF-α is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine produced in response to infection, inflammation, and environmental stressors by activated macrophages, and lymphocytes. TNF-α has been shown to play a part in the autoimmune cascade that leads to beta cell death in type 1 diabetes, and repeated antibodymediated TNF-α action inhibition has been shown to protect non-obese mice from beta cell death. We tried to demonstrate a correlation between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10 and TNF-α, which are both involved in the pathogenesis of T1D, in children and adolescents under the age of 15 with varying diabetes durations in this study.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"12 4 1","pages":"75-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76110672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.S10-S15
ith Pb, Sachidan, A. Adiga, U. Adiga, V. Shenoy, S. Kumari, P. Shetty, S. Shetty, K. Sharmila
Background: Pediatric epilepsy comprises of a chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizure attack. Sodium valproate is one of the common anti-epileptic drugs used in the treatment. Glucuronide conjugation is the major metabolic pathway of sodium valproate, carried out by the enzyme Uridine 5’-diphospho (UDP) glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) whose genetic polymorphisms may alter clinical outcome. Aim: To find the association between UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism and clinical outcome in terms of efficacy and tolerability in pediatric epileptic patients on sodium valproate monotherapy. Methods and Materials: In this cohort study, 75 pediatric epileptic patients aged 2-18 years receiving sodium valproate monotherapy for past one month were included from Justice K S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore, India after obtaining informed consent. Genetic polymorphism patterns of UGT2B7 (C161T, A268G, G211T) was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of responders and non-responders based on seizure control during the 6 month observation period. Tolerability was measured by estimating the hepatic, renal and other lab parameters. Clinical outcome in different UGT genotypes was compared by Chi square test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 75 patients, CC (41.3%), CT (38.7%), TT (20%) pattern was observed in UGT2B7 (C161T) gene, AA(14.7%), AG(42.7%), GG(42.7%) in (A268G) gene and GG(80%), GT(18.7%), TT(1.3%) in (G211T) gene. It was found that there was no statistical difference in clinical outcome with different UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism patterns. Conclusion: We conclude from our study that genetic polymorphism of UGT2B7 doesn’t have any role on the clinical outcome of epilepsy.
背景:儿童癫痫是一种以反复发作为特征的慢性神经系统疾病。丙戊酸钠是常用的抗癫痫药物之一。葡萄糖醛酸缀合是丙戊酸钠的主要代谢途径，由尿苷5 ' -二磷酸(UDP)葡萄糖醛酸转移酶(UGT)进行，其遗传多态性可能改变临床结果。目的:探讨UGT2B7基因多态性与小儿癫痫患者丙戊酸钠单药疗效和耐受性的关系。方法和材料:在本队列研究中，在获得知情同意后，从印度芒格洛尔Justice K S Hegde慈善医院纳入75例2-18岁接受丙戊酸钠单药治疗过去一个月的儿童癫痫患者。采用PCR-RFLP方法分析UGT2B7基因(C161T、A268G、G211T)的遗传多态性模式。在6个月的观察期内，以发作控制为基础，以反应者和无反应者来衡量临床结果。通过估计肝脏、肾脏和其他实验室参数来测量耐受性。采用卡方检验比较不同UGT基因型患者的临床结果。P值<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:75例患者中，UGT2B7 (C161T)基因中存在CC(41.3%)、CT(38.7%)、TT(20%)， (A268G)基因中存在AA(14.7%)、AG(42.7%)、GG(42.7%)， (G211T)基因中存在GG(80%)、GT(18.7%)、TT(1.3%)。不同UGT2B7基因多态性的临床转归无统计学差异。结论:UGT2B7基因多态性对癫痫的临床预后无影响。
{"title":"Effect of UGT2B7 Gene Polymorphism with Clinical Pediatric Epileptic patients on Sodium Valproate Monotherapy","authors":"ith Pb, Sachidan, A. Adiga, U. Adiga, V. Shenoy, S. Kumari, P. Shetty, S. Shetty, K. Sharmila","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.S10-S15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.S10-S15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pediatric epilepsy comprises of a chronic neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizure attack. Sodium valproate is one of the common anti-epileptic drugs used in the treatment. Glucuronide conjugation is the major metabolic pathway of sodium valproate, carried out by the enzyme Uridine 5’-diphospho (UDP) glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) whose genetic polymorphisms may alter clinical outcome. Aim: To find the association between UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism and clinical outcome in terms of efficacy and tolerability in pediatric epileptic patients on sodium valproate monotherapy. Methods and Materials: In this cohort study, 75 pediatric epileptic patients aged 2-18 years receiving sodium valproate monotherapy for past one month were included from Justice K S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore, India after obtaining informed consent. Genetic polymorphism patterns of UGT2B7 (C161T, A268G, G211T) was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of responders and non-responders based on seizure control during the 6 month observation period. Tolerability was measured by estimating the hepatic, renal and other lab parameters. Clinical outcome in different UGT genotypes was compared by Chi square test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Out of 75 patients, CC (41.3%), CT (38.7%), TT (20%) pattern was observed in UGT2B7 (C161T) gene, AA(14.7%), AG(42.7%), GG(42.7%) in (A268G) gene and GG(80%), GT(18.7%), TT(1.3%) in (G211T) gene. It was found that there was no statistical difference in clinical outcome with different UGT2B7 genetic polymorphism patterns. Conclusion: We conclude from our study that genetic polymorphism of UGT2B7 doesn’t have any role on the clinical outcome of epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"17 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75241050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gq protein-coupled receptors lead to activation of phospholipase C, which triggers phosphoinositide signaling. Diacylglycerol (DG) is one of the phosphoinositide metabolites and serves as a second messenger. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to produce another second messenger phosphatidic acid. Of the DGK family, DGKγ is predominantly expressed in the brain at the mRNA level. Recent studies have shown the expression of DGKγ in vascular endothelial cells and adrenal medullary cells at the protein level, although its detailed cellular expression pattern and subcellular localization in the brain remain to be determined. In the present study, we addressed this point using specific DGKγ antibody. DGKγ was expressed in both projection neurons and interneurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, and cerebellum. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, DGKγ was distributed to the soma and dendrites. Fractionation study revealed that DGKγ was enriched in the internal membranes containing the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. In immunoelectron microscopy, DGKγ was localized throughout the smooth endoplasmic reticulum system. These findings suggest that DGKγ shows unique cellular expression pattern in the brain and distinct subcellular localization different from other DGK isozymes.
{"title":"Cellular expression and subcellular localization of diacylglycerol kinase γ in rat brain.","authors":"Yasukazu Hozumi, Tomoyuki Nakano, Kaoru Goto","doi":"10.2220/biomedres.42.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.42.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gq protein-coupled receptors lead to activation of phospholipase C, which triggers phosphoinositide signaling. Diacylglycerol (DG) is one of the phosphoinositide metabolites and serves as a second messenger. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to produce another second messenger phosphatidic acid. Of the DGK family, DGKγ is predominantly expressed in the brain at the mRNA level. Recent studies have shown the expression of DGKγ in vascular endothelial cells and adrenal medullary cells at the protein level, although its detailed cellular expression pattern and subcellular localization in the brain remain to be determined. In the present study, we addressed this point using specific DGKγ antibody. DGKγ was expressed in both projection neurons and interneurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, and cerebellum. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, DGKγ was distributed to the soma and dendrites. Fractionation study revealed that DGKγ was enriched in the internal membranes containing the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. In immunoelectron microscopy, DGKγ was localized throughout the smooth endoplasmic reticulum system. These findings suggest that DGKγ shows unique cellular expression pattern in the brain and distinct subcellular localization different from other DGK isozymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"42 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25353635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.32.1.15-18
EL Hazzaz Reda, Oualla Karima, Darif Khadija, Sqalli Houssaini Med, Amaadour Lamiae, B. Zineb, A. Samia, M. Nawfel
Following advances in molecular biology and better understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, new therapies have been developed with new agents that target tumor cells with minimal effects on normal cells. Monoclonal antibodies represent the model of success of this approach; they are directed against antigens selectively expressed by tumor cells. The conjugation of these monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic drugs makes it possible to improve their efficacy while maintaining a favorable tolerance profile. T-DM1 (Trastuzumab Emtansine) is the first example of advanced development of a conjugated antibody. It works by associating an antitumor activity specific to trastuzumab with the efficient delivery of a potent cytotoxic, delivered selectively and targeted to cancer cells overexpressing HER2. Unlike trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan has a released payload that easily crosses the cell membrane, which potentially allows for a potent cytotoxic effect on neighboring tumor cells regardless of target expression. In addition, the released payload has a short half-life, which is designed to minimize systemic exposure. DESTINY breast-01 study has demonstrated the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2- positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab emtansine. Trastuzumab deruxtecan is FDA-approved. Sacituzumab govitecan (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) is a conjugated monoclonal antibody developed by site-specific conjugation of the active metabolite of irinotecan, SN-38 (govitecan). It has demonstrated promising activity in advanced lines for triple-negative breast cancer in a phase I/II study and recently in ASCENT trial phase III. Conjugated monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be effective in different subtypes of metastatic breast cancer.
{"title":"New conjugated monoclonal antibodies: Area of a promising therapy in metastatic breast cancer.","authors":"EL Hazzaz Reda, Oualla Karima, Darif Khadija, Sqalli Houssaini Med, Amaadour Lamiae, B. Zineb, A. Samia, M. Nawfel","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.1.15-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.1.15-18","url":null,"abstract":"Following advances in molecular biology and better understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, new therapies have been developed with new agents that target tumor cells with minimal effects on normal cells. Monoclonal antibodies represent the model of success of this approach; they are directed against antigens selectively expressed by tumor cells. The conjugation of these monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic drugs makes it possible to improve their efficacy while maintaining a favorable tolerance profile. T-DM1 (Trastuzumab Emtansine) is the first example of advanced development of a conjugated antibody. It works by associating an antitumor activity specific to trastuzumab with the efficient delivery of a potent cytotoxic, delivered selectively and targeted to cancer cells overexpressing HER2. Unlike trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan has a released payload that easily crosses the cell membrane, which potentially allows for a potent cytotoxic effect on neighboring tumor cells regardless of target expression. In addition, the released payload has a short half-life, which is designed to minimize systemic exposure. DESTINY breast-01 study has demonstrated the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2- positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab emtansine. Trastuzumab deruxtecan is FDA-approved. Sacituzumab govitecan (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) is a conjugated monoclonal antibody developed by site-specific conjugation of the active metabolite of irinotecan, SN-38 (govitecan). It has demonstrated promising activity in advanced lines for triple-negative breast cancer in a phase I/II study and recently in ASCENT trial phase III. Conjugated monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be effective in different subtypes of metastatic breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"67 1","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84047698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35841/0970-938X.32.2.37-41
Julia Koseki, Takahiro Abe, Y. Miyamoto, M. Kashiwagi, Makiko Ishibashi, Asako Taniguchi, H. Suenaga, H. Abe, Masanobu Abe, K. Hoshi
Oral and maxillofacial region has a complicated anatomy with critical nerves and arteries inside. Therefore, oral surgeons sometimes do not have enough operative fields during surgeries and anatomic changes caused by tumors and fractures make the surgeries more difficult. The application of navigation system in oral surgery has started in such cases that tumors are close to cranial base and have risks to damage important anatomical structures like nerves and vessels. It can make doctors more confident with their operations and decrease operative risks, but the use is still limited because of several obstacles. In this context, we applied navigation system to the operations of removing recurrent ameloblastoma on sphenoid bone and myxoma. The surgeries we performed with navigation system were successful and we have not had any postoperative complications at all. This report presents to use navigation system to remove benign tumor that occurs in deep area of craniofacial bone completely in a minimally invasive way.
{"title":"Use of application of navigation system to odontogenic benign tumors with maxilla.","authors":"Julia Koseki, Takahiro Abe, Y. Miyamoto, M. Kashiwagi, Makiko Ishibashi, Asako Taniguchi, H. Suenaga, H. Abe, Masanobu Abe, K. Hoshi","doi":"10.35841/0970-938X.32.2.37-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/0970-938X.32.2.37-41","url":null,"abstract":"Oral and maxillofacial region has a complicated anatomy with critical nerves and arteries inside. Therefore, oral surgeons sometimes do not have enough operative fields during surgeries and anatomic changes caused by tumors and fractures make the surgeries more difficult. The application of navigation system in oral surgery has started in such cases that tumors are close to cranial base and have risks to damage important anatomical structures like nerves and vessels. It can make doctors more confident with their operations and decrease operative risks, but the use is still limited because of several obstacles. In this context, we applied navigation system to the operations of removing recurrent ameloblastoma on sphenoid bone and myxoma. The surgeries we performed with navigation system were successful and we have not had any postoperative complications at all. This report presents to use navigation system to remove benign tumor that occurs in deep area of craniofacial bone completely in a minimally invasive way.","PeriodicalId":9138,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Research-tokyo","volume":"7 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90361429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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