Pub Date : 2019-10-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000652412.76504.9C
A. Krisht, S. Hsu
This article is the first of three parts. Several aneurysm classification schemes have been proposed for aneurysms arising from the proximal segment of the internal carotid artery in the vicinity of the anterior clinoid process. We have found these schemes to be either contradicting or overlapping. Our desire to categorize these aneurysms more accurately has been aided by an evolving insight into their intricate anatomy as they relate to the complex region of the skull base. We seek to make possible a more accurate definition of the location of the aneurysm preoperatively, thereby allowing for more accurate selection of the proper treatment modality, as well as the best surgical approach and surgical steps, consequently increasing the safety of the treatment. This article presents a classification system we propose based on our experiences with proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms arising in proximity to the anterior clinoid process. Our system is based on analysis of surgical and anatomic findings, correlation of these findings with the radiologic features, and comparison of these findings with previously reported classifications. We emphasize the unique features of each aneurysm type as we present the surgical techniques required for intraoperative understanding as well as successful and safe clipping of each type. This classification system encompasses aneurysms classified by previous methods.
{"title":"Paraclinoid Aneurysms: Part I—Superior (True Ophthalmic) Aneurysms","authors":"A. Krisht, S. Hsu","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000652412.76504.9C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000652412.76504.9C","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the first of three parts. Several aneurysm classification schemes have been proposed for aneurysms arising from the proximal segment of the internal carotid artery in the vicinity of the anterior clinoid process. We have found these schemes to be either contradicting or overlapping. Our desire to categorize these aneurysms more accurately has been aided by an evolving insight into their intricate anatomy as they relate to the complex region of the skull base. We seek to make possible a more accurate definition of the location of the aneurysm preoperatively, thereby allowing for more accurate selection of the proper treatment modality, as well as the best surgical approach and surgical steps, consequently increasing the safety of the treatment. This article presents a classification system we propose based on our experiences with proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms arising in proximity to the anterior clinoid process. Our system is based on analysis of surgical and anatomic findings, correlation of these findings with the radiologic features, and comparison of these findings with previously reported classifications. We emphasize the unique features of each aneurysm type as we present the surgical techniques required for intraoperative understanding as well as successful and safe clipping of each type. This classification system encompasses aneurysms classified by previous methods.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000652412.76504.9C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43208304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-15DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000660636.02659.2a
U. Rossi, A. Ierardi, M. Cariati
A 77-year-old woman with a history of hypertension developed acute onset of aphasia and right hemiplegia and hemisensory loss. She was urgently referred to emergency department. Cerebral multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MD-CTA) revealed an acute ischemic stroke due to the occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (Figure 1). Since the symptoms started three hours previously, the patient was candidate for mechanical thrombectomy. The patient then performed a selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the left internal carotid artery that confirmed occlusion of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (Figure 2) and subsequently successfully performed the endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (Figure 2). Her clinical course has shown neurological symptoms improvement over time. Acute ischemic stroke can be caused by several factors, but the main ones are arterial and cardiac embolism, arterial wall disease or variants(1-4). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, is widely used as clinical assessment for neurological deficits related to ischemic stroke(1). MDCTA and Magnetic Resonance Imaging are the two gold standard methods for diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke patients(1-5). Thrombolytic therapy of this pathological state began in the fifties, while the endovascular mechanical thrombectomy was defined as a new standard of care in 2015(1,5,6). This recent technique have added tissue window" to the existing "time window" (5,6). So, nowadays patients with small ischemic core, large penumbra, and good collaterals vessel may benefit from endovascular mechanical thrombectomy(1,5,6); even if they arrive within 6-24 h of stroke onset(5.
{"title":"Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"U. Rossi, A. Ierardi, M. Cariati","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000660636.02659.2a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000660636.02659.2a","url":null,"abstract":"A 77-year-old woman with a history of hypertension developed acute onset of aphasia and right hemiplegia and hemisensory loss. She was urgently referred to emergency department. Cerebral multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MD-CTA) revealed an acute ischemic stroke due to the occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (Figure 1). Since the symptoms started three hours previously, the patient was candidate for mechanical thrombectomy. The patient then performed a selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of the left internal carotid artery that confirmed occlusion of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (Figure 2) and subsequently successfully performed the endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (Figure 2). Her clinical course has shown neurological symptoms improvement over time. Acute ischemic stroke can be caused by several factors, but the main ones are arterial and cardiac embolism, arterial wall disease or variants(1-4). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, is widely used as clinical assessment for neurological deficits related to ischemic stroke(1). MDCTA and Magnetic Resonance Imaging are the two gold standard methods for diagnosis in acute ischemic stroke patients(1-5). Thrombolytic therapy of this pathological state began in the fifties, while the endovascular mechanical thrombectomy was defined as a new standard of care in 2015(1,5,6). This recent technique have added tissue window\" to the existing \"time window\" (5,6). So, nowadays patients with small ischemic core, large penumbra, and good collaterals vessel may benefit from endovascular mechanical thrombectomy(1,5,6); even if they arrive within 6-24 h of stroke onset(5.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000660636.02659.2a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000580392.95295.01
Mohammed S. Alghoul, K. Abi-aad, B. Bendok
surgical exposure to periand intra-Sylvian structures and allows direct access to parasellar structures. Despite its widespread use, the pterional approach presents several limitations: (1) potential postoperative temporal atrophy due to complete temporal muscle dissection; (2) injury to the frontal branch of the facial nerve; and (3) large incision and craniotomy, which may need longer healing time. Over the years, pterional craniotomy has seen many modifications, including extensions (intradural and extradural clinoidectomy, orbit unroofing, etc) and minimally invasive modifications as well. Among the minimally invasive pterional keyhole craniotomies, many have failed to address the limitations associated with the standard pterional craniotomy, and seldom were these approaches standardized. We present a minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy centered on the sphenoid ridge: the extended lateral orbital (XLO) approach (Figure 1). XLO is a novel approach developed to improve the limitations associated with the pterional craniotomy. This review illustrates the anatomic basis of the approach and its limitations and indications.
{"title":"The Extended Lateral Orbital Approach: A Minimally Invasive Pterional Approach","authors":"Mohammed S. Alghoul, K. Abi-aad, B. Bendok","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000580392.95295.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000580392.95295.01","url":null,"abstract":"surgical exposure to periand intra-Sylvian structures and allows direct access to parasellar structures. Despite its widespread use, the pterional approach presents several limitations: (1) potential postoperative temporal atrophy due to complete temporal muscle dissection; (2) injury to the frontal branch of the facial nerve; and (3) large incision and craniotomy, which may need longer healing time. Over the years, pterional craniotomy has seen many modifications, including extensions (intradural and extradural clinoidectomy, orbit unroofing, etc) and minimally invasive modifications as well. Among the minimally invasive pterional keyhole craniotomies, many have failed to address the limitations associated with the standard pterional craniotomy, and seldom were these approaches standardized. We present a minimally invasive keyhole craniotomy centered on the sphenoid ridge: the extended lateral orbital (XLO) approach (Figure 1). XLO is a novel approach developed to improve the limitations associated with the pterional craniotomy. This review illustrates the anatomic basis of the approach and its limitations and indications.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000580392.95295.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46756935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000834084.63567.15
Allison C. Greene, W. Hsu
rette smoking remains a significant public health concern. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure account for approximately 480,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. Among other medical complications, smoking has been established to cause cancer, stroke, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and increases the risk of developing tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pregnancy complications. In addition to numerous health consequences, cigarette smoking gives rise to considerable economic costs, including over $170 billion per year in direct medical expenditures. The burden of smoking-related cardiovascular and respiratory disease is well-characterized and remains a focus in the literature, but mounting evidence points to equivalently impactful effects on the musculoskeletal system. Patients’ tobacco use is of particular interest to spine surgeons, as cigarette smoking inhibits vertebral bone healing, increases rates of infection and reoperation, and leads to poor patientreported outcomes.
{"title":"Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Outcomes in Spine Surgery","authors":"Allison C. Greene, W. Hsu","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000834084.63567.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000834084.63567.15","url":null,"abstract":"rette smoking remains a significant public health concern. Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure account for approximately 480,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. Among other medical complications, smoking has been established to cause cancer, stroke, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and increases the risk of developing tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and pregnancy complications. In addition to numerous health consequences, cigarette smoking gives rise to considerable economic costs, including over $170 billion per year in direct medical expenditures. The burden of smoking-related cardiovascular and respiratory disease is well-characterized and remains a focus in the literature, but mounting evidence points to equivalently impactful effects on the musculoskeletal system. Patients’ tobacco use is of particular interest to spine surgeons, as cigarette smoking inhibits vertebral bone healing, increases rates of infection and reoperation, and leads to poor patientreported outcomes.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45044496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000577780.67759.03
D. Heiferman, Michael J. Heiferman, Benjamin N. Africk, L. Ghadiali, E. Price, S. Pappu, J. Serrone, Jin U. Kang, V. Prabhu
light interference-based imaging technique that provides real-time, in situ, cross-sectional images of human tissues or biological materials with excellent resolution. It is based on differential reflection or backscattering of light waves with corresponding time delays and variable magnitudes used to generate depth-resolved images—in a sense, analogous to B-mode ultrasonography—except it uses light instead of sound. The image resolution with OCT is not as precise as that seen with confocal or fluorescence microscopy but it is far superior to the resolution obtained with ultrasonography. Ophthalmology was the first field to adopt this technology—the anatomic components of the eye transmit light with minimal optical attenuation and scattering providing high-resolution images of the retina with OCT. In fact, structural damage to the entire optic pathway can be assessed and response to therapy tracked with OCT. OCT also has the ability to penetrate nontransparent tissues extending its applications further. The roots of OCT lie in femtosecond optics—the concept of using echoes of light to see inside biological tissues. Its origins trace back to basic science and physics laboratories—in fact, its application as a clinical modality represents one of the best paradigms of innovative thinking, translational research, and multidisciplinary collaboration, along with industry and governmental support. In 1991, Huang first demonstrated its utility in imaging living tissues providing the first in vitro cross-sectional images of the retina. Shortly thereafter, in 1993, Swanson et al at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology provided the first in vivo human retinal images depicting the retinal nerve fiber layer
{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography and Its Relevance to Neurosurgical Practice","authors":"D. Heiferman, Michael J. Heiferman, Benjamin N. Africk, L. Ghadiali, E. Price, S. Pappu, J. Serrone, Jin U. Kang, V. Prabhu","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000577780.67759.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000577780.67759.03","url":null,"abstract":"light interference-based imaging technique that provides real-time, in situ, cross-sectional images of human tissues or biological materials with excellent resolution. It is based on differential reflection or backscattering of light waves with corresponding time delays and variable magnitudes used to generate depth-resolved images—in a sense, analogous to B-mode ultrasonography—except it uses light instead of sound. The image resolution with OCT is not as precise as that seen with confocal or fluorescence microscopy but it is far superior to the resolution obtained with ultrasonography. Ophthalmology was the first field to adopt this technology—the anatomic components of the eye transmit light with minimal optical attenuation and scattering providing high-resolution images of the retina with OCT. In fact, structural damage to the entire optic pathway can be assessed and response to therapy tracked with OCT. OCT also has the ability to penetrate nontransparent tissues extending its applications further. The roots of OCT lie in femtosecond optics—the concept of using echoes of light to see inside biological tissues. Its origins trace back to basic science and physics laboratories—in fact, its application as a clinical modality represents one of the best paradigms of innovative thinking, translational research, and multidisciplinary collaboration, along with industry and governmental support. In 1991, Huang first demonstrated its utility in imaging living tissues providing the first in vitro cross-sectional images of the retina. Shortly thereafter, in 1993, Swanson et al at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology provided the first in vivo human retinal images depicting the retinal nerve fiber layer","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000577780.67759.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46609095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000660632.52790.26
C. Rigsbee, J. Vidovich, David T. Wang, A. Vagal
stroke. Imaging gathers information of cerebral parenchymal viability and compromised vessels enabling risk-benefi t analysis regarding acute stroke triage and treatment. Multiple recent positive endovascular trials have thrust imaging into the forefront, using noncontrast CT/MRI, CT angiogram/MR angiogram, and CT perfusion/MR perfusion as standard of care imaging for acute stroke workup. The objective of this article is to review relevant multimodality imaging fi ndings in acute ischemic stroke along with current evidence and paradigm shifts for treatment.
{"title":"Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Imaging Update","authors":"C. Rigsbee, J. Vidovich, David T. Wang, A. Vagal","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000660632.52790.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000660632.52790.26","url":null,"abstract":"stroke. Imaging gathers information of cerebral parenchymal viability and compromised vessels enabling risk-benefi t analysis regarding acute stroke triage and treatment. Multiple recent positive endovascular trials have thrust imaging into the forefront, using noncontrast CT/MRI, CT angiogram/MR angiogram, and CT perfusion/MR perfusion as standard of care imaging for acute stroke workup. The objective of this article is to review relevant multimodality imaging fi ndings in acute ischemic stroke along with current evidence and paradigm shifts for treatment.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":"42 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000660632.52790.26","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48713895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000558612.20449.66
S. Sayyahmelli, A. Aycan, U. Erginoğlu, M. Başkaya
tion (WHO) grade I benign tumors that occur throughout the neuraxis. Spinal hemangioblastomas (SHs) make up 2% to 15% of all spinal intramedullary tumors. These highly vascular tumors usually arise from the dorsolateral pia mater. Considerable progress has been made in the surgical treatment of SHs since the fi rst report of successful excision by Schultze in 1912. The principles for surgical resection of SHs are similar to those for the arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and different from the intramedullary glial tumors. Both SH and AVM require a circumferential dissection from the surrounding normal tissue, whereas in contrast to the intramedullary glial tumors, resection of SH and AVM is performed en bloc without internal debulking, because of the highly vascular nature of these tumors. Epidemiology SH is the third most frequently found intramedullary spinal cord tumor, after gliomas and ependymomas. They commonly occur in young adults age 30 to 40 years, with some patients having a positive family history. Hemangioblastomas are more common in the posterior fossa than the spinal cord. SH can arise sporadically (∼60% of cases) or in the context of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Sporadic cases are generally in patients who are a decade older than those with VHL disease. Multiple tumors are observed in 60% to 80% of VHL-associated hemangioblastomas, and most are revealed as smaller lesions. In contrast, multifocal tumors comprise only about 3% of sporadic hemangioblastomas.
{"title":"Spinal Hemangioblastomas: Clinical Presentation, Radiology, and Treatment","authors":"S. Sayyahmelli, A. Aycan, U. Erginoğlu, M. Başkaya","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000558612.20449.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000558612.20449.66","url":null,"abstract":"tion (WHO) grade I benign tumors that occur throughout the neuraxis. Spinal hemangioblastomas (SHs) make up 2% to 15% of all spinal intramedullary tumors. These highly vascular tumors usually arise from the dorsolateral pia mater. Considerable progress has been made in the surgical treatment of SHs since the fi rst report of successful excision by Schultze in 1912. The principles for surgical resection of SHs are similar to those for the arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and different from the intramedullary glial tumors. Both SH and AVM require a circumferential dissection from the surrounding normal tissue, whereas in contrast to the intramedullary glial tumors, resection of SH and AVM is performed en bloc without internal debulking, because of the highly vascular nature of these tumors. Epidemiology SH is the third most frequently found intramedullary spinal cord tumor, after gliomas and ependymomas. They commonly occur in young adults age 30 to 40 years, with some patients having a positive family history. Hemangioblastomas are more common in the posterior fossa than the spinal cord. SH can arise sporadically (∼60% of cases) or in the context of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Sporadic cases are generally in patients who are a decade older than those with VHL disease. Multiple tumors are observed in 60% to 80% of VHL-associated hemangioblastomas, and most are revealed as smaller lesions. In contrast, multifocal tumors comprise only about 3% of sporadic hemangioblastomas.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000558612.20449.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43307061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000558116.13439.ea
P. González-López, Inmaculada Palomar, María Dolores Coves, J. A. Olivas, S. Elbabaa, P. López
{"title":"Insular Brain Tumor Surgery","authors":"P. González-López, Inmaculada Palomar, María Dolores Coves, J. A. Olivas, S. Elbabaa, P. López","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000558116.13439.ea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000558116.13439.ea","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000558116.13439.ea","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42408181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CNE.0000559732.53348.27
P. González-López, N. Gunness, J. A. Olivas, S. Elbabaa, M. Caffo, P. López
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.
文本中提供了补充数字内容。
{"title":"Insular Brain Tumor Surgery: Part 4—Surgical Approaches","authors":"P. González-López, N. Gunness, J. A. Olivas, S. Elbabaa, M. Caffo, P. López","doi":"10.1097/01.CNE.0000559732.53348.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CNE.0000559732.53348.27","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.","PeriodicalId":91465,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/01.CNE.0000559732.53348.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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