Stem cells possess potential to undergo self-renewability giving rise to any cell type in the body known as pluripotency. This process, also known as differentiation, through which stem cells undergo several morphologic and genetic changes resulting in daughter cell lineages. The end point lineage depends on the growth and differentiation induction factors or proteins added to in vitro stem cell culture. These stem cells can be of embryonic source (embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) derived from the inner cell mass of embryo or induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which are produced from reprogrammed somatic cells in the body.1 In this commentary, we will focus on iPSCs and their contribution to disease modeling in the context of reproductive disorders.
{"title":"Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells—Derived Stem Cells: A Promising Tool for Disease Modeling","authors":"P. Parasar","doi":"10.17140/goroj-8-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/goroj-8-158","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells possess potential to undergo self-renewability giving rise to any cell type in the body known as pluripotency. This process, also known as differentiation, through which stem cells undergo several morphologic and genetic changes resulting in daughter cell lineages. The end point lineage depends on the growth and differentiation induction factors or proteins added to in vitro stem cell culture. These stem cells can be of embryonic source (embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) derived from the inner cell mass of embryo or induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) which are produced from reprogrammed somatic cells in the body.1 In this commentary, we will focus on iPSCs and their contribution to disease modeling in the context of reproductive disorders.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91325550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tewodros Deneke, Abel Tefera, Woubshet Girma, F. Assefa, Demsew Alemu, Bahiru Gossaye
Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-to-intermediate grade sarcoma of dermal origin with high local recurrence rate that rarely presents in the vulva. It affects adults between the second and fifth decade of life and the involved areas are most frequently the trunk, proximal extremities, head and neck. Case Presentation A 45-years-old Para 4 women presented with two raised masses on the right part of vulva for the last 17-month duration which increase in size for the last 6-month. First, incisional biopsy was taken from the mass and diagnosed as “Suggestive of leiomyoma”. Following to this, excision of the whole mass was done and sent for histopathologic examination. The final histopathologic diagnosis became DFSP with the classic microscopic picture of a storiform and honeycomb pattern of monomorphic bland spindle cells. Conclusion Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans infrequently involves the vulva and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other spindle cell lesions presenting in this unusual site.
{"title":"A Rare Case of Vulvar Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Case Report","authors":"Tewodros Deneke, Abel Tefera, Woubshet Girma, F. Assefa, Demsew Alemu, Bahiru Gossaye","doi":"10.17140/goroj-8-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/goroj-8-157","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low-to-intermediate grade sarcoma of dermal origin with high local recurrence rate that rarely presents in the vulva. It affects adults between the second and fifth decade of life and the involved areas are most frequently the trunk, proximal extremities, head and neck. Case Presentation A 45-years-old Para 4 women presented with two raised masses on the right part of vulva for the last 17-month duration which increase in size for the last 6-month. First, incisional biopsy was taken from the mass and diagnosed as “Suggestive of leiomyoma”. Following to this, excision of the whole mass was done and sent for histopathologic examination. The final histopathologic diagnosis became DFSP with the classic microscopic picture of a storiform and honeycomb pattern of monomorphic bland spindle cells. Conclusion Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans infrequently involves the vulva and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other spindle cell lesions presenting in this unusual site.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80385156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gobran, Soheir El-Ghoneimey, S. Ibrahim, Sabah Mohamedhanafy
Background Cancer of the cervix is a common cause of malignancy. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is debatable. Objective Early detection of cervical pre-neoplastic lesion in SLE patients. Method A case control study was performed on 64 SLE group and 64 control group using a colposcopy, pap smear and histopathological examination. Conclusion This study revealed that preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix were higher in the SLE group.
{"title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as a Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer and its Precursor Conditions: Assessment Using Pap Smear and Histopathology","authors":"M. Gobran, Soheir El-Ghoneimey, S. Ibrahim, Sabah Mohamedhanafy","doi":"10.17140/goroj-8-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/goroj-8-155","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cancer of the cervix is a common cause of malignancy. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is debatable. Objective Early detection of cervical pre-neoplastic lesion in SLE patients. Method A case control study was performed on 64 SLE group and 64 control group using a colposcopy, pap smear and histopathological examination. Conclusion This study revealed that preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix were higher in the SLE group.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77298086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To investigate whether gestational hypertension (GH) and/or eclampsia was associated with the timing of maternal smoking when stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) status. Study Design and Methods 1,376,271 US-born mothers aged 20-29 from the 2019 infant natality data who had a singleton birth (20+ weeks of gestation) were analyzed in this study. Maternal smoking status was defined into five groups, i.e., non-smokers, quitted smoking before pregnancy, quitted smoking before the 2nd trimester, quitted smoking before the 3rd trimester, and smoked whole-time. Odds ratios (ORs) of GH or eclampsia were estimated separately using multiple logistic regression for maternal smoking by pBMI status (kg/m2): underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5≤25.0), overweight (25.0≤30.0), and obese (≥30.0). Results Compared to non-smokers, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who quit before pregnancy with pBMI underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 1.17 (0.92-1.49), 1.11 (1.03-1.19), 1.13 (1.05-1.22), 1.13 (1.08-1.19), respectively. While the ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who smoked for the entirety of their pregnancy were 0.71 (0.60-0.84), 0.80 (0.75-0.84), 0.79 (0.74-0.84), and 0.82 (0.78-0.85), respectively. The adjusted ORs for eclampsia showed a different pattern, only that for mothers who smoked for their whole pregnancy with normal and obese showed significantly (0.69 (0.53-0.91) for normal weight, 0.73 (0.58-0.92) for obese). Conclusion In comparison to non-smokers, an increase in the odds of GH were observed amongst normal, overweight, and obese mothers quitting before pregnancy meanwhile a decreased odds were observed amongst mothers smoking throughout pregnancy in all pBMI classes.
{"title":"Association of Gestational Hypertension and Eclampsia to Maternal Smoking by Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Status Among Aged 20-29-Years in the United States","authors":"Holly Bihun, J. Liu","doi":"10.17140/goroj-8-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/goroj-8-156","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate whether gestational hypertension (GH) and/or eclampsia was associated with the timing of maternal smoking when stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) status. Study Design and Methods 1,376,271 US-born mothers aged 20-29 from the 2019 infant natality data who had a singleton birth (20+ weeks of gestation) were analyzed in this study. Maternal smoking status was defined into five groups, i.e., non-smokers, quitted smoking before pregnancy, quitted smoking before the 2nd trimester, quitted smoking before the 3rd trimester, and smoked whole-time. Odds ratios (ORs) of GH or eclampsia were estimated separately using multiple logistic regression for maternal smoking by pBMI status (kg/m2): underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5≤25.0), overweight (25.0≤30.0), and obese (≥30.0). Results Compared to non-smokers, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who quit before pregnancy with pBMI underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 1.17 (0.92-1.49), 1.11 (1.03-1.19), 1.13 (1.05-1.22), 1.13 (1.08-1.19), respectively. While the ORs (95% CIs) of GH for mothers who smoked for the entirety of their pregnancy were 0.71 (0.60-0.84), 0.80 (0.75-0.84), 0.79 (0.74-0.84), and 0.82 (0.78-0.85), respectively. The adjusted ORs for eclampsia showed a different pattern, only that for mothers who smoked for their whole pregnancy with normal and obese showed significantly (0.69 (0.53-0.91) for normal weight, 0.73 (0.58-0.92) for obese). Conclusion In comparison to non-smokers, an increase in the odds of GH were observed amongst normal, overweight, and obese mothers quitting before pregnancy meanwhile a decreased odds were observed amongst mothers smoking throughout pregnancy in all pBMI classes.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74819216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practice of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB/GYN) has historically been dominated by men and was brought into existence as a replacement for midwifery, a woman-centered model of care, by women, which was deemed unscientific. Instead of improving on this model, they built their own as they considered women weak, naïve, and irrational to understand the ‘complex science’.1 They called midwifery unscientific while conducting unethical experiments on enslaved women without anaesthesia and practicing eugenics.2 The practice has deep patriarchal origins. They viewed woman as a machine to be repaired. Over time, women started to re-enter the field only to work in the same technocratic and misogynistic model.3-5
{"title":"Pitfalls of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare of Women in India","authors":"Srivarsha Ala","doi":"10.17140/goroj-8-e007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/goroj-8-e007","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB/GYN) has historically been dominated by men and was brought into existence as a replacement for midwifery, a woman-centered model of care, by women, which was deemed unscientific. Instead of improving on this model, they built their own as they considered women weak, naïve, and irrational to understand the ‘complex science’.1 They called midwifery unscientific while conducting unethical experiments on enslaved women without anaesthesia and practicing eugenics.2 The practice has deep patriarchal origins. They viewed woman as a machine to be repaired. Over time, women started to re-enter the field only to work in the same technocratic and misogynistic model.3-5","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76188562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does Antimullerian Hormone Explain the impairment of folliculogenesis in PCOS, its effects on the dysfunctional gonadotropin control, besides its implication in transgenerational transfer of PCOS-A Systematic Review","authors":"K. Kaur","doi":"10.52803/22123stmg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52803/22123stmg","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90809197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gautam, Shree Acharya, V. P. Sapkota, Raut B. Batsal, L. Bhattarai, M. José, K. Paudel
Background Caesarean section (CS) rates have increased globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the TenGroup Robson classification as the global standard for assessing appropriateness of CS. Nepal has higher-than-global average rates of CS requiring further investigation into appropriateness. Aim This study aims to investigate the caesarean section rates at tertiary care center in Nepal and make analysis based on the group-10 classification. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from 2016 April -2017 March in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal, Rupendehi, Nepal. 3,817 women who birth over a 12-month period were analyzed using this classification. The caesarean rate, its indications were calculated and categorized into groups according to Robson’s 10-group classification. Results Women with previous CS (Group 5) comprise the largest proportion (9.4%) of the overall 26.41% CS rate. The second largest contributor was a singleton nulliparous woman with cephalic presentation at term (6.6% of total 26.41%). Caesarean section rates in single breech pregnancies were very high (>65%). Robson’s Group 5 was the highest contributors to overall CS rate contributing 35% of all C-sections, followed by Group 2 (24%), and Group 1 (13%). Conclusion The ten-group classification helped to identify the main groups of the subjects who contribute the most to the overall caesarean section rate. This study results suggest that women with previous CS are at risk for having another CS delivery in subsequent pregnancies and therefore there is an urgent need for a dedicated vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) clinic to support this such women to ensure CS are only done when indicated. Furthermore, reducing the CS rate for nulliparous i.e. Group 1 and 2 would, in the long-term, also reduce the size of Group 5 in the future.
{"title":"Cesarean Section Rate at Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Nepal: An Analysis Using the Robson Ten Group Classification System","authors":"B. Gautam, Shree Acharya, V. P. Sapkota, Raut B. Batsal, L. Bhattarai, M. José, K. Paudel","doi":"10.17140/GOROJ-7-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-7-154","url":null,"abstract":"Background Caesarean section (CS) rates have increased globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the TenGroup Robson classification as the global standard for assessing appropriateness of CS. Nepal has higher-than-global average rates of CS requiring further investigation into appropriateness. Aim This study aims to investigate the caesarean section rates at tertiary care center in Nepal and make analysis based on the group-10 classification. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out from 2016 April -2017 March in Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Butwal, Rupendehi, Nepal. 3,817 women who birth over a 12-month period were analyzed using this classification. The caesarean rate, its indications were calculated and categorized into groups according to Robson’s 10-group classification. Results Women with previous CS (Group 5) comprise the largest proportion (9.4%) of the overall 26.41% CS rate. The second largest contributor was a singleton nulliparous woman with cephalic presentation at term (6.6% of total 26.41%). Caesarean section rates in single breech pregnancies were very high (>65%). Robson’s Group 5 was the highest contributors to overall CS rate contributing 35% of all C-sections, followed by Group 2 (24%), and Group 1 (13%). Conclusion The ten-group classification helped to identify the main groups of the subjects who contribute the most to the overall caesarean section rate. This study results suggest that women with previous CS are at risk for having another CS delivery in subsequent pregnancies and therefore there is an urgent need for a dedicated vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) clinic to support this such women to ensure CS are only done when indicated. Furthermore, reducing the CS rate for nulliparous i.e. Group 1 and 2 would, in the long-term, also reduce the size of Group 5 in the future.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80187762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malrotation of the gut is rare in adults. We discuss the case of a 30-year-old primiparous woman who presented to the acute gynecology ward at 19-weeks’ gestation with ongoing nausea and vomiting throughout pregnancy. She attended on a number of occasions with the same symptoms and was trialed on a number of different antiemetics. Initial biochemical investigations were unremarkable, however, the patient started to develop signs of ‘abdominal obstruction’. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the pelvis showed evidence of duodenal obstruction secondary to malrotation which may be secondary to a fibrous (Ladd’s) band. She was treated laparoscopically via a Ladd procedure and had an uneventful recovery. Interestingly, the patient presented again in her second pregnancy with very similar symptoms and underwent another Ladd procedure, but via a laparotomy. This is an interesting, rare and unusual case of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
{"title":"An Unusual Case of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Case Report","authors":"B. Karavadra, M. Sule, C. Portelli","doi":"10.17140/GOROJ-7-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-7-152","url":null,"abstract":"Malrotation of the gut is rare in adults. We discuss the case of a 30-year-old primiparous woman who presented to the acute gynecology ward at 19-weeks’ gestation with ongoing nausea and vomiting throughout pregnancy. She attended on a number of occasions with the same symptoms and was trialed on a number of different antiemetics. Initial biochemical investigations were unremarkable, however, the patient started to develop signs of ‘abdominal obstruction’. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the pelvis showed evidence of duodenal obstruction secondary to malrotation which may be secondary to a fibrous (Ladd’s) band. She was treated laparoscopically via a Ladd procedure and had an uneventful recovery. Interestingly, the patient presented again in her second pregnancy with very similar symptoms and underwent another Ladd procedure, but via a laparotomy. This is an interesting, rare and unusual case of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74551952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nora H. K. Elabady, A. Awara, Amr El-badry, Nareman M. El-Hamamy
Objective The aim of this prospective study is clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy. Methods This is a cross-section study of primiparous women with a history of delivery at Tanta University Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The sample power was calculated based on avulsion (major and minor) in two groups (vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy) of total forty-primiparous women with an interval after delivery (20 cases after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 20 cases after normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy). Results Twenty-four hours of delivery there was a highly significant difference between group A (with episiotomy) and group B (without episiotomy) regarding to ultrasound abnormalities, degree of tear, blood loss, hemoglobin concentration and clinical findings, while no difference regarding levator ani weakness. Two months later from delivery there was no significant difference between group A and group B regarding to ultrasound abnormalities and levator ani weakness while there was a difference between the two groups in regarding with clinical findings. Conclusion Normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy in primiparous women is better than normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy as there is no perineal tenderness, no dyspareunia. Low incidence of urinary, rectal incontinence, tear and perineal infection.
{"title":"Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in Primiparous Women after Normal Vaginal Delivery with Episiotomy and without Episiotomy","authors":"Nora H. K. Elabady, A. Awara, Amr El-badry, Nareman M. El-Hamamy","doi":"10.17140/GOROJ-7-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/GOROJ-7-153","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The aim of this prospective study is clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the pelvic floor in primiparous women after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy. Methods This is a cross-section study of primiparous women with a history of delivery at Tanta University Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The sample power was calculated based on avulsion (major and minor) in two groups (vaginal delivery with episiotomy and without episiotomy) of total forty-primiparous women with an interval after delivery (20 cases after normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy and 20 cases after normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy). Results Twenty-four hours of delivery there was a highly significant difference between group A (with episiotomy) and group B (without episiotomy) regarding to ultrasound abnormalities, degree of tear, blood loss, hemoglobin concentration and clinical findings, while no difference regarding levator ani weakness. Two months later from delivery there was no significant difference between group A and group B regarding to ultrasound abnormalities and levator ani weakness while there was a difference between the two groups in regarding with clinical findings. Conclusion Normal vaginal delivery without episiotomy in primiparous women is better than normal vaginal delivery with episiotomy as there is no perineal tenderness, no dyspareunia. Low incidence of urinary, rectal incontinence, tear and perineal infection.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75602753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Copyright 2018 by Robinson W. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. cc The development of chemotherapy agents that precisely target specific molecular structures in cancer cells have become a priority in oncology research. In principle, this method halts cancer cell proliferation while allowing normal function of healthy cells. These molecular-based chemotherapy agents target many types of molecules involved in the growth, spread, and survival of malignant cells. Several of these target molecules have been identified in female genital tract malignancies, and multiple agents targeted at those molecules have been developed as a treatment. This review outlines three major types of targeted agents that have clinical relevance in the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The first group of drugs inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which normally facilitates angiogenesis. The second group inhibits poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a base-excision enzyme that repairs single-strand DNA breaks. The final category is a set of drugs that inhibit programmed-cell death protein 1, an immune checkpoint that normally prevents autoimmunity. Therapeutic benefit has been demonstrated for each of these drug types in gynecologic, and particularly ovarian, cancers. New agents, and applications for these agents have been developing at a rapid pace in each of these categories. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval has been accelerated for several of these agents in recent years, suggesting a significant change in the process by which new drugs enter the clinical armamentarium. In short, the development of molecularly-targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer is a promising and rapidly-moving field.
Robinson W.版权所有2018。这是一篇根据知识共享署名4.0国际许可证（CC by 4.0）分发的开放获取文章，该许可证允许以任何媒介或格式进行复制、重新分发、混音、转换和复制，即使是商业性的，只要原作被正确引用。cc开发精确靶向癌症细胞中特定分子结构的化疗药物已成为肿瘤学研究的优先事项。原则上，这种方法可以阻止癌症细胞增殖，同时允许健康细胞的正常功能。这些基于分子的化疗药物靶向与恶性细胞的生长、扩散和存活有关的许多类型的分子。其中一些靶分子已在女性生殖道恶性肿瘤中被鉴定，针对这些分子的多种药物已被开发用于治疗。这篇综述概述了在妇科癌症治疗中具有临床相关性的三种主要类型的靶向药物。第一组药物抑制血管内皮生长因子（VEGF），后者通常促进血管生成。第二组抑制聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP），这是一种修复单链DNA断裂的碱基切除酶。最后一类是一组抑制程序性细胞死亡蛋白1的药物，该蛋白是一种通常阻止自身免疫的免疫检查点。这些药物类型中的每一种在妇科癌症，特别是卵巢癌中的治疗效果都已得到证实。新的代理以及这些代理的应用在每一个类别中都在快速发展。近年来，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）加快了对其中几种药物的批准，这表明新药进入临床医疗设备的过程发生了重大变化。总之，开发用于治疗癌症的分子靶向药物是一个很有前途和快速发展的领域。
{"title":"Molecularly-Targeted Therapies in Gynecologic Cancer","authors":"K. Kennedy, W. Robinson","doi":"10.17140/goroj-5-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/goroj-5-145","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright 2018 by Robinson W. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. cc The development of chemotherapy agents that precisely target specific molecular structures in cancer cells have become a priority in oncology research. In principle, this method halts cancer cell proliferation while allowing normal function of healthy cells. These molecular-based chemotherapy agents target many types of molecules involved in the growth, spread, and survival of malignant cells. Several of these target molecules have been identified in female genital tract malignancies, and multiple agents targeted at those molecules have been developed as a treatment. This review outlines three major types of targeted agents that have clinical relevance in the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The first group of drugs inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which normally facilitates angiogenesis. The second group inhibits poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a base-excision enzyme that repairs single-strand DNA breaks. The final category is a set of drugs that inhibit programmed-cell death protein 1, an immune checkpoint that normally prevents autoimmunity. Therapeutic benefit has been demonstrated for each of these drug types in gynecologic, and particularly ovarian, cancers. New agents, and applications for these agents have been developing at a rapid pace in each of these categories. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval has been accelerated for several of these agents in recent years, suggesting a significant change in the process by which new drugs enter the clinical armamentarium. In short, the development of molecularly-targeted drugs for the treatment of cancer is a promising and rapidly-moving field.","PeriodicalId":91488,"journal":{"name":"Gynecology and obstetrics research : open journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45679851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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