首页 > 最新文献

Biorheology最新文献

英文 中文
Tensile behavior and extensional viscosity of bile. 胆汁的拉伸性能和拉伸粘度。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/bir-190216
N. Minh, H. Obara, K. Shimokasa, Junfang Zhu
BACKGROUND Bile, which is secreted by the liver, is essential for digesting fat and maintaining homeostasis. Although the rheology of bile is very important to its flow, its extensional viscosity has not been studied. OBJECTIVE We investigated the stretching of bile and evaluated its extensional viscosity using a filament-breakup device. METHODS A liquid bridge formed between the endplates of the filament-breakup device. The midpoint diameter of the bridge was recorded by a laser micrometer. The filament self-thinning was captured by a high-resolution, high-speed camera. We used the liquid bridge diameter to evaluate the extensional viscosity of bile. RESULTS All samples show shear-thinning and viscoelasticity. Bile sediment has much greater viscosity and stretches more than bile solution. Filament thinning takes a long time for bile sediment and a short time for solution. The global function for the mid-filament diameter can be used to predict the evolution of the filament diameter of the liquid bridge and the trend of the extensional viscosity of bile. CONCLUSIONS The extensional viscosity of bile is much greater than its shear viscosity. Because mucus concentration makes bile sediment more viscous than the solution, bile viscosity can increase sharply, thereby increasing risks of such diseases as gallstones and sludge buildup in the biliary system.
胆汁由肝脏分泌,对消化脂肪和维持体内平衡至关重要。虽然胆汁的流变性对其流动非常重要,但其拉伸粘度尚未得到研究。目的研究胆汁的拉伸情况,并利用纤维破裂装置评估其拉伸粘度。方法在断丝器端板间形成液桥。用激光测微仪记录了桥的中点直径。高分辨率高速摄像机捕捉到了细丝的自变薄过程。我们用液桥直径来评估胆汁的伸展粘度。结果所有样品均表现出剪切减薄和粘弹性。胆汁沉淀物比胆汁溶液具有更大的粘度和拉伸性。纤丝稀释对胆汁沉淀物的处理时间较长,对溶液的处理时间较短。中纤丝直径的全局函数可用于预测液桥纤丝直径的变化和胆汁拉伸粘度的变化趋势。结论胆汁的拉伸粘度远大于剪切粘度。由于粘液浓度使胆汁沉淀物比溶液更粘稠,胆汁粘度会急剧增加,从而增加胆结石和胆道系统淤积污泥等疾病的风险。
{"title":"Tensile behavior and extensional viscosity of bile.","authors":"N. Minh, H. Obara, K. Shimokasa, Junfang Zhu","doi":"10.3233/bir-190216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bir-190216","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Bile, which is secreted by the liver, is essential for digesting fat and maintaining homeostasis. Although the rheology of bile is very important to its flow, its extensional viscosity has not been studied. OBJECTIVE We investigated the stretching of bile and evaluated its extensional viscosity using a filament-breakup device. METHODS A liquid bridge formed between the endplates of the filament-breakup device. The midpoint diameter of the bridge was recorded by a laser micrometer. The filament self-thinning was captured by a high-resolution, high-speed camera. We used the liquid bridge diameter to evaluate the extensional viscosity of bile. RESULTS All samples show shear-thinning and viscoelasticity. Bile sediment has much greater viscosity and stretches more than bile solution. Filament thinning takes a long time for bile sediment and a short time for solution. The global function for the mid-filament diameter can be used to predict the evolution of the filament diameter of the liquid bridge and the trend of the extensional viscosity of bile. CONCLUSIONS The extensional viscosity of bile is much greater than its shear viscosity. Because mucus concentration makes bile sediment more viscous than the solution, bile viscosity can increase sharply, thereby increasing risks of such diseases as gallstones and sludge buildup in the biliary system.","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bir-190216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69793300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Correlation of the cell mechanical behavior and quantified cytoskeletal parameters in normal and cancerous breast cell lines. 正常和癌乳腺细胞系中细胞力学行为和定量细胞骨架参数的相关性。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/bir-190214
M. Tabatabaei, M. Tafazzoli-Shadpour, M. Khani
BACKGROUND Cancerous transformation of cells affects their mechanical behavior and cytoskeleton structure. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to investigate a correlation between mechanical properties and cytoskeletal structure features in cancer cell formation. METHODS Micropipette aspiration was used to compare mechanical properties of normal (MCF10A) and cancerous (T47D) epithelial breast cell lines. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were employed for staining and imaging F-actin and microtubules, and quantifying their fluorescent intensity, anisotropy and fiber distribution. RESULTS Results indicated higher F-actin intensity (43%) and anisotropy (50%) in normal cells compared to cancer cells, although there was no difference in the microtubules intensity between cell lines. Furthermore, reductions of cortex thickness and actin layer index (60%) were observed in suspended cancer cells compared to normal cells. Changes in cell physical properties induced by cancer were attributed to microtubules. The arranged fibrous structure of microtubules in normal cells was replaced by a disorganized structure in cancer cells. Cancerous cells were about four times softer with higher creep compliance compared to normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study confirmed that alterations in cell mechanical properties induced by cancer are highly correlated with changes in F-actin and microtubule content and arrangement. It is suggested that such changes can enhance our knowledge of cancer initiation and progression.
细胞的癌变影响其力学行为和细胞骨架结构。目的探讨肿瘤细胞形成过程中力学性能与细胞骨架结构特征之间的关系。方法采用微管抽吸法比较正常(MCF10A)和癌变(T47D)乳腺上皮细胞系的力学特性。采用免疫荧光和共聚焦显微镜对f -肌动蛋白和微管进行染色和成像,定量测定其荧光强度、各向异性和纤维分布。结果与癌细胞相比,正常细胞的f -肌动蛋白强度(43%)和各向异性(50%)更高,但细胞系之间的微管强度没有差异。此外,与正常细胞相比,悬浮癌细胞的皮层厚度和肌动蛋白层指数减少(60%)。癌症引起的细胞物理特性变化归因于微管。正常细胞中排列有序的微管纤维结构被癌细胞中无序的结构所取代。癌细胞比正常细胞柔软四倍,具有更高的蠕变顺应性。结论肿瘤诱导的细胞力学特性的改变与f -肌动蛋白和微管含量及排列的变化密切相关。这表明,这些变化可以提高我们对癌症发生和发展的认识。
{"title":"Correlation of the cell mechanical behavior and quantified cytoskeletal parameters in normal and cancerous breast cell lines.","authors":"M. Tabatabaei, M. Tafazzoli-Shadpour, M. Khani","doi":"10.3233/bir-190214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bir-190214","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Cancerous transformation of cells affects their mechanical behavior and cytoskeleton structure. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research is to investigate a correlation between mechanical properties and cytoskeletal structure features in cancer cell formation. METHODS Micropipette aspiration was used to compare mechanical properties of normal (MCF10A) and cancerous (T47D) epithelial breast cell lines. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were employed for staining and imaging F-actin and microtubules, and quantifying their fluorescent intensity, anisotropy and fiber distribution. RESULTS Results indicated higher F-actin intensity (43%) and anisotropy (50%) in normal cells compared to cancer cells, although there was no difference in the microtubules intensity between cell lines. Furthermore, reductions of cortex thickness and actin layer index (60%) were observed in suspended cancer cells compared to normal cells. Changes in cell physical properties induced by cancer were attributed to microtubules. The arranged fibrous structure of microtubules in normal cells was replaced by a disorganized structure in cancer cells. Cancerous cells were about four times softer with higher creep compliance compared to normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study confirmed that alterations in cell mechanical properties induced by cancer are highly correlated with changes in F-actin and microtubule content and arrangement. It is suggested that such changes can enhance our knowledge of cancer initiation and progression.","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bir-190214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69793631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
FREE COMMUNICATIONS 免费通信
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.3233/bir-189005
{"title":"FREE COMMUNICATIONS","authors":"","doi":"10.3233/bir-189005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/bir-189005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/bir-189005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49544429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biomechanical properties of veins cultured in vitro under elevated internal pressure. 内压升高条件下体外培养静脉的生物力学特性。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-07-10 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-180168
Kozaburo Hayashi, Masuya Kurimoto

Background: The venous response to elevated blood pressure (BP) is of major importance because it is closely related to the etiology of venous diseases and the competency of vein grafts. In vitro culture experiments may provide useful information on the function of vein grafts because it is easier to separate mechanical and hemodynamic effects from other systemic influences compared to in vivo experiments.

Objective: To study the effects of BP elevation on wall dimensions and mechanical properties of in vitro cultured veins.

Methods: Rabbit femoral veins were cultured in vitro under internal pressures of 1 to 50 mmHg for 1 week, and their wall dimensions, biomechanical properties, and histology were determined.

Results: No significant differences were observed in internal vein diameter and wall thickness among vessels cultured at 10-50 mmHg compared to non-cultured control vessels. For an internal pressure of 10 mmHg applied to vessels during culture (equivalent to in vivo working BP), wall circumferential stress was maintained within control levels. There were no significant effects of pressure on basal tone and contractility of vascular smooth muscle and vascular compliance.

Conclusions: The in vitro results were essentially similar to those obtained from previous in vivo animal experiments, indicating that in vitro tissue culture techniques are applicable to studies of venous remodeling.

背景:静脉对血压升高的反应是非常重要的,因为它与静脉疾病的病因和静脉移植物的能力密切相关。体外培养实验可以提供关于静脉移植物功能的有用信息,因为与体内实验相比,体外培养更容易将机械和血流动力学效应与其他系统影响分离开来。目的:研究血压升高对体外培养静脉壁尺寸及力学性能的影响。方法:兔股静脉在1 ~ 50 mmHg内压下体外培养1周,测定其管壁尺寸、生物力学性能和组织学。结果:在10-50 mmHg下培养的血管与未培养的对照血管相比,内静脉直径和壁厚无显著差异。在培养过程中对血管施加10mmhg的内压(相当于体内工作BP),壁周向应力保持在控制水平。压力对基底张力、血管平滑肌收缩力和血管顺应性无明显影响。结论:体外实验结果与以往在体动物实验结果基本相似,表明体外组织培养技术适用于静脉重构的研究。
{"title":"Biomechanical properties of veins cultured in vitro under elevated internal pressure.","authors":"Kozaburo Hayashi,&nbsp;Masuya Kurimoto","doi":"10.3233/BIR-180168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-180168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The venous response to elevated blood pressure (BP) is of major importance because it is closely related to the etiology of venous diseases and the competency of vein grafts. In vitro culture experiments may provide useful information on the function of vein grafts because it is easier to separate mechanical and hemodynamic effects from other systemic influences compared to in vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the effects of BP elevation on wall dimensions and mechanical properties of in vitro cultured veins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rabbit femoral veins were cultured in vitro under internal pressures of 1 to 50 mmHg for 1 week, and their wall dimensions, biomechanical properties, and histology were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in internal vein diameter and wall thickness among vessels cultured at 10-50 mmHg compared to non-cultured control vessels. For an internal pressure of 10 mmHg applied to vessels during culture (equivalent to in vivo working BP), wall circumferential stress was maintained within control levels. There were no significant effects of pressure on basal tone and contractility of vascular smooth muscle and vascular compliance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The in vitro results were essentially similar to those obtained from previous in vivo animal experiments, indicating that in vitro tissue culture techniques are applicable to studies of venous remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"1 0","pages":"25-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-180168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36314755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Depletion-model-based numerical simulation of the kinetics of red blood cell aggregation under sinusoidal pulsatile flow. 基于耗尽模型的正弦脉冲血流下红细胞聚集动力学的数值模拟。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-07-10 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-170147
Cheong-Ah Lee, Qi Kong, Dong-Guk Paeng

Background: Previous numerical modeling studies on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation have elucidated the inverse relationship between shear rate and RBC aggregation under steady flow. However, information on the cyclic variation in RBC aggregation under pulsatile flow remains lacking.

Objective: RBC aggregation was simulated to investigate the complex interrelationships among the parameters of RBC motion under pulsatile flow.

Methods: A two-dimensional particle model was used to simulate RBC motion driven by hydrodynamic, aggregation, and elastic forces in a sinusoidal pulsatile flow field. The kinetics of RBCs motion was simulated on the basis of the depletion model.

Results: The simulation results corresponded with previously obtained experimental results for the formation and destruction of RBC aggregates with a parabolic radial distribution during a pulsatile cycle. In addition, the results demonstrated that the cyclic variation in the mean aggregate size of RBCs increased as velocity amplitude increased from 1 cm/s to 3 cm/s under a mean steady flow of 2 cm/s, as mean steady flow velocity decreased from 6 cm/s to 2 cm/s under a velocity amplitude of 1.5 cm/s, and as stroke rate decreased from 180 beats per minute (bpm) to 60 bpm.

Conclusions: The present simulation results verified previous experimental results and improved the current understanding of the complex spatiotemporal changes experienced by RBC aggregates during a sinusoidal pulsatile cycle.

背景:以往关于红细胞(RBC)聚集的数值模拟研究已经阐明了在稳定流动下剪切速率与RBC聚集之间的反比关系。然而,关于脉动血流下红细胞聚集循环变化的信息仍然缺乏。目的:模拟红细胞聚集,探讨脉动血流作用下红细胞运动参数之间的复杂相互关系。方法:采用二维粒子模型模拟正弦脉动流场中由流体动力、聚集力和弹性力驱动的红细胞运动。在耗尽模型的基础上,模拟了红细胞的运动动力学。结果:模拟结果与先前获得的脉动周期中抛物线径向分布的RBC聚集体形成和破坏的实验结果相一致。结果表明,平均稳定流速为2 cm/s时,流速幅值从1 cm/s增大到3 cm/s,流速幅值为1.5 cm/s时,平均稳定流速从6 cm/s减小到2 cm/s,冲程速率从180次/分钟减小到60次/分钟时,红细胞平均聚集粒径的循环变化增大。结论:目前的模拟结果验证了先前的实验结果,并提高了目前对正弦脉冲周期中RBC聚集体所经历的复杂时空变化的理解。
{"title":"Depletion-model-based numerical simulation of the kinetics of red blood cell aggregation under sinusoidal pulsatile flow.","authors":"Cheong-Ah Lee,&nbsp;Qi Kong,&nbsp;Dong-Guk Paeng","doi":"10.3233/BIR-170147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-170147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous numerical modeling studies on red blood cell (RBC) aggregation have elucidated the inverse relationship between shear rate and RBC aggregation under steady flow. However, information on the cyclic variation in RBC aggregation under pulsatile flow remains lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>RBC aggregation was simulated to investigate the complex interrelationships among the parameters of RBC motion under pulsatile flow.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-dimensional particle model was used to simulate RBC motion driven by hydrodynamic, aggregation, and elastic forces in a sinusoidal pulsatile flow field. The kinetics of RBCs motion was simulated on the basis of the depletion model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The simulation results corresponded with previously obtained experimental results for the formation and destruction of RBC aggregates with a parabolic radial distribution during a pulsatile cycle. In addition, the results demonstrated that the cyclic variation in the mean aggregate size of RBCs increased as velocity amplitude increased from 1 cm/s to 3 cm/s under a mean steady flow of 2 cm/s, as mean steady flow velocity decreased from 6 cm/s to 2 cm/s under a velocity amplitude of 1.5 cm/s, and as stroke rate decreased from 180 beats per minute (bpm) to 60 bpm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present simulation results verified previous experimental results and improved the current understanding of the complex spatiotemporal changes experienced by RBC aggregates during a sinusoidal pulsatile cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"1 0","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-170147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36314754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Rheological parameters of saliva in comparison with taste examination. 唾液流变学参数与味觉检查的比较。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-180171
Anna Marcinkowska-Gapińska, Kamila Linkowska-Świdzińska, Teodor Świdziński, Anna Surdacka

Background: It is generally unknown if taste sensitivity is dependent upon saliva viscosity. The rheological properties of saliva result from many factors and it has been shown to behave as a non-Newtonian fluid whose viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Taste sensitivity may be quantitatively assayed by electro-gustometry.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to compare saliva rheological properties, obtained with a rotary-oscillating rheometer, to quantitative measures of taste sensitivity, using electro-gustometry.

Methods: Saliva samples were taken from 27 healthy non-smoking donors - 7 men and 20 women aged 18-65 years (mean age - 37 years). After thresholds of taste sensation were measured, the saliva samples were taken and characterized in terms of their rheological properties and pH. Saliva viscosity was measured in the order of decreasing shear rate in the range 100-0.01 s-1. Viscoelastic properties were examined under constant frequency oscillations (with f = 0.5 Hz) and with decreasing shear effective amplitude γeff'.

Results and conclusions: Saliva viscosity was found to decrease with increasing shear rate and varied with time. Analysis of the dependence of the viscosity values of saliva and components of complex viscosity did not show a significant correlation with taste sensation. A dependency of taste sensation on pH could not be discerned due to the narrow range of naturally occurring pH.

背景:一般来说,味觉敏感度是否依赖于唾液粘度是未知的。唾液的流变性能是多种因素共同作用的结果,它表现为一种非牛顿流体,其粘度随剪切速率的增加而降低。味觉敏感度可用电味觉法定量测定。目的:这项工作的目的是比较唾液流变学性质,获得了一个旋转振荡流变仪,定量测量味觉灵敏度,使用电味觉。方法:采集27例健康非吸烟供体的唾液样本,其中男性7例,女性20例,年龄18-65岁(平均年龄- 37岁)。测定味觉阈值后,取唾液样品,对其流变特性和ph值进行表征。在100-0.01 s-1范围内,按剪切速率递减的顺序测定唾液粘度。在恒频振荡(f = 0.5 Hz)和剪切有效幅值γeff'减小的情况下,测试了粘弹性性能。结果与结论:唾液黏度随剪切速率的增加而降低,并随时间变化。唾液黏度值和复合黏度组分的依赖性分析与味觉没有显著的相关性。味觉对pH值的依赖性由于自然发生的pH值范围窄而无法辨别。
{"title":"Rheological parameters of saliva in comparison with taste examination.","authors":"Anna Marcinkowska-Gapińska,&nbsp;Kamila Linkowska-Świdzińska,&nbsp;Teodor Świdziński,&nbsp;Anna Surdacka","doi":"10.3233/BIR-180171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-180171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is generally unknown if taste sensitivity is dependent upon saliva viscosity. The rheological properties of saliva result from many factors and it has been shown to behave as a non-Newtonian fluid whose viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Taste sensitivity may be quantitatively assayed by electro-gustometry.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this work was to compare saliva rheological properties, obtained with a rotary-oscillating rheometer, to quantitative measures of taste sensitivity, using electro-gustometry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Saliva samples were taken from 27 healthy non-smoking donors - 7 men and 20 women aged 18-65 years (mean age - 37 years). After thresholds of taste sensation were measured, the saliva samples were taken and characterized in terms of their rheological properties and pH. Saliva viscosity was measured in the order of decreasing shear rate in the range 100-0.01 s-1. Viscoelastic properties were examined under constant frequency oscillations (with f = 0.5 Hz) and with decreasing shear effective amplitude γeff'.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Saliva viscosity was found to decrease with increasing shear rate and varied with time. Analysis of the dependence of the viscosity values of saliva and components of complex viscosity did not show a significant correlation with taste sensation. A dependency of taste sensation on pH could not be discerned due to the narrow range of naturally occurring pH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"55 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-180171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36809659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
In vitro measurement of platelet adhesion to intact endothelial cells under low shear conditions. 低剪切条件下血小板粘附完整内皮细胞的体外测定。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-17139
Yuki Ogawa, Takuma Nakahara, Yuma Nishida, Chihiro Kobayashi, Takamichi Hirata, Hideaki Nagano, Suguru Shiratori, Kenjiro Shimano

Background: Prediction of thrombus formation at intact arterial walls under low shear flow conditions is clinically important particularly for better prognoses of embolisation in cerebral aneurysms. Although a new mathematical model for this purpose is necessary, little quantitative information has been known about platelet adhesion to intact endothelial cells.

Objective: The objective of this study is to measure the number of platelets adhering to intact endothelial cells with a focus upon the influence of the shear rate.

Methods: Endothelial cells disseminated in μ-slides were exposed to swine whole blood at different shear rates. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was used as an agonist. Adherent platelets were counted by means of scanning electron microscopy.

Results: At an ADP concentration of 1 µM, 20.8 ± 3.1 platelets per 900 µm2 were observed after 30-minute perfusion at a shear rate of 0.8 s-1 whereas only 3.0 ± 1.4 per 900 µm2 at 16.8 s-1.

Conclusions: The number of adherent platelets is determined by a balance between the shear and the degree of stimulation by the agonist. At an ADP concentration of 1 µM, a limit to the shear rate at which platelets can adhere to intact endothelial cells is considered to be slightly higher than 16.8 s-1.

背景:低剪切血流条件下完整动脉壁血栓形成的预测在临床上具有重要意义,特别是对脑动脉瘤栓塞的预后更好。尽管为此目的建立一个新的数学模型是必要的,但关于血小板粘附完整内皮细胞的定量信息知之甚少。目的:本研究的目的是测量血小板粘附完整内皮细胞的数量,重点关注剪切速率的影响。方法:以不同的剪切速率将分布于μ玻片上的内皮细胞暴露于猪全血中。二磷酸腺苷(ADP)作为激动剂。用扫描电镜对粘附血小板进行计数。结果:ADP浓度为1µM时,在0.8 s-1剪切速率下,灌注30分钟后,每900µm2可观察到20.8±3.1个血小板,而在16.8 s-1剪切速率下,每900µm2仅观察到3.0±1.4个血小板。结论:粘附血小板的数量取决于受体激动剂的剪切和刺激程度之间的平衡。在ADP浓度为1µM时,血小板粘附完整内皮细胞的剪切速率极限被认为略高于16.8 s-1。
{"title":"In vitro measurement of platelet adhesion to intact endothelial cells under low shear conditions.","authors":"Yuki Ogawa,&nbsp;Takuma Nakahara,&nbsp;Yuma Nishida,&nbsp;Chihiro Kobayashi,&nbsp;Takamichi Hirata,&nbsp;Hideaki Nagano,&nbsp;Suguru Shiratori,&nbsp;Kenjiro Shimano","doi":"10.3233/BIR-17139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-17139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prediction of thrombus formation at intact arterial walls under low shear flow conditions is clinically important particularly for better prognoses of embolisation in cerebral aneurysms. Although a new mathematical model for this purpose is necessary, little quantitative information has been known about platelet adhesion to intact endothelial cells.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to measure the number of platelets adhering to intact endothelial cells with a focus upon the influence of the shear rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endothelial cells disseminated in μ-slides were exposed to swine whole blood at different shear rates. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was used as an agonist. Adherent platelets were counted by means of scanning electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At an ADP concentration of 1 µM, 20.8 ± 3.1 platelets per 900 µm2 were observed after 30-minute perfusion at a shear rate of 0.8 s-1 whereas only 3.0 ± 1.4 per 900 µm2 at 16.8 s-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of adherent platelets is determined by a balance between the shear and the degree of stimulation by the agonist. At an ADP concentration of 1 µM, a limit to the shear rate at which platelets can adhere to intact endothelial cells is considered to be slightly higher than 16.8 s-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"54 2-4","pages":"51-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-17139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35755551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Articular cartilage response to a sliding load using two different-sized spherical indenters1. 用两个不同大小的球形压头观察关节软骨对滑动载荷的反应。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-16110
Oliver R Schätti, Vera Colombo, Peter A Torzilli, Luigi M Gallo

Background: Cartilage surface contact geometry influences the deformational behavior and stress distribution throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM) under load.

Objective: To test the correlation between the mechanical and cellular response of articular cartilage when loaded with two different-sized spherical indenters under dynamic reciprocating sliding motion.

Methods: Articular cartilage explants were subjected to a reciprocating sliding load using a 17.6 mm or 30.2 mm spherical ball for 2000 cycles at 10 mm/s and 4 kg axial load. Deformation of the cartilage was recorded and contact parameters were calculated according to Hertzian theory. After mechanical loading cartilage samples were collected and analyzed for ECM collagen damage, gene regulation and proteoglycan (PG) loss.

Results: Significantly higher ECM deformation and strain and lower dynamic effective modulus were found for explants loaded with the smaller diameter indenter whereas contact radius and stress remained unaffected. Also, the 17.6 mm indenter increased PG loss and significantly upregulated genes for ECM proteins and enzymes as compared to the 30.2 mm indenter.

Conclusion: Sliding loads that increase ECM deformation/strain were found to induce enzyme-mediated catabolic processes in articular cartilage explants. These observations provide further understanding of how changes in cartilage contact mechanics under dynamic conditions can affect the cellular response.

背景:软骨表面接触几何形状影响细胞外基质(ECM)在载荷作用下的变形行为和应力分布。目的:研究两种不同大小的球形压头在动态往复滑动运动下关节软骨力学反应与细胞反应的相关性。方法:采用17.6 mm或30.2 mm的球形球,以10 mm/s和4 kg的轴向载荷对关节软骨进行往复滑动加载,共2000次。记录软骨的变形,并根据赫兹理论计算接触参数。机械加载后收集软骨样品,分析ECM胶原损伤、基因调控和蛋白聚糖(PG)损失。结果:在接触半径和应力不受影响的情况下,较小直径压头加载的外植体的ECM变形和应变显著增加,动态有效模量显著降低。此外,与30.2 mm的压痕相比,17.6 mm的压痕增加了PG的损失,并显著上调了ECM蛋白和酶的基因。结论:发现滑动载荷增加ECM变形/应变可诱导关节软骨外植体中酶介导的分解代谢过程。这些观察结果为进一步了解动态条件下软骨接触力学的变化如何影响细胞反应提供了依据。
{"title":"Articular cartilage response to a sliding load using two different-sized spherical indenters1.","authors":"Oliver R Schätti,&nbsp;Vera Colombo,&nbsp;Peter A Torzilli,&nbsp;Luigi M Gallo","doi":"10.3233/BIR-16110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-16110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cartilage surface contact geometry influences the deformational behavior and stress distribution throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM) under load.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the correlation between the mechanical and cellular response of articular cartilage when loaded with two different-sized spherical indenters under dynamic reciprocating sliding motion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articular cartilage explants were subjected to a reciprocating sliding load using a 17.6 mm or 30.2 mm spherical ball for 2000 cycles at 10 mm/s and 4 kg axial load. Deformation of the cartilage was recorded and contact parameters were calculated according to Hertzian theory. After mechanical loading cartilage samples were collected and analyzed for ECM collagen damage, gene regulation and proteoglycan (PG) loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly higher ECM deformation and strain and lower dynamic effective modulus were found for explants loaded with the smaller diameter indenter whereas contact radius and stress remained unaffected. Also, the 17.6 mm indenter increased PG loss and significantly upregulated genes for ECM proteins and enzymes as compared to the 30.2 mm indenter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sliding loads that increase ECM deformation/strain were found to induce enzyme-mediated catabolic processes in articular cartilage explants. These observations provide further understanding of how changes in cartilage contact mechanics under dynamic conditions can affect the cellular response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"54 2-4","pages":"109-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-16110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35772899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Recovery time course of erythrocyte deformability following exposure to shear is dependent upon conditioning shear stress. 红细胞受剪切后变形能力的恢复时间过程取决于条件剪应力。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-17151
Lennart Kuck, Marijke Grau, Michael J Simmonds

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) deformability may increase, or decrease, following application of shear stress ("shear conditioning"), depending upon the specific magnitude and duration of exposure. However, the time course of altered RBC deformability following shear remains unresolved.

Objective: We utilised shear conditioning known to increase (10 Pa) or decrease (64 Pa) RBC deformability and subsequently rested the cells; serial measurements of deformability during the rest period facilitated defining the time course of recoverability. A second experiment repeated the shear conditioning and recovery period to explore whether multiple duty-cycles augmented the response following the initial exposure.

Methods: Shear conditioning was performed for 300 s at the desired shear stress. Ektacytometry was used to quantify human RBC deformability immediately and during rest (3, 5, 60, 120, 240, 300 s) using discrete samples. RBC were shear conditioned twice in a separate experiment, with 300 s rest separating the conditioning.

Results: Shear conditioning at 10 Pa induced increased cell deformability by 19.5 ± 0.3%, which reduced to 7.2 ± 0.4% after 300 s of rest. Shear conditioning at 64 Pa decreased cell deformability by 30.5 ± 13.9%, and after 300 s rest, remained decreased (19.3 ± 9.4%) compared with baseline. The second duty-cycle augmented initial responses induced by shear conditioning.

Conclusion: Specific shear conditioning results in either temporarily increased cell deformability, or a less reversible decrease of RBC deformability.

背景:在施加剪切应力(“剪切调节”)后,红细胞(RBC)的变形能力可能增加或减少,这取决于暴露的具体幅度和持续时间。然而,剪切后红细胞变形能力改变的时间过程仍未确定。目的:我们利用已知的剪切条件增加(10pa)或减少(64pa)红细胞变形能力,随后休息细胞;在休息期间对变形能力的连续测量有助于确定可恢复性的时间过程。第二个实验重复了剪切条件和恢复期,以探索多重占空比是否增强了初始暴露后的响应。方法:在所需剪切应力下进行剪切调理300 s。使用离散样本,使用Ektacytometry定量人红细胞立即和休息时(3,5,60,120,240,300 s)的变形能力。在单独的实验中,RBC被剪切两次,间隔300 s。结果:在10 Pa剪切条件下,细胞变形率提高19.5±0.3%,静置300 s后,细胞变形率降低至7.2±0.4%。在64 Pa剪切条件下,细胞变形能力降低了30.5±13.9%,休息300 s后,与基线相比,细胞变形能力仍然降低(19.3±9.4%)。剪切条件引起的二次占空比增强初始响应。结论:特异性剪切调节可使红细胞变形能力暂时增加,或使红细胞变形能力不可逆地降低。
{"title":"Recovery time course of erythrocyte deformability following exposure to shear is dependent upon conditioning shear stress.","authors":"Lennart Kuck,&nbsp;Marijke Grau,&nbsp;Michael J Simmonds","doi":"10.3233/BIR-17151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-17151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Red blood cell (RBC) deformability may increase, or decrease, following application of shear stress (\"shear conditioning\"), depending upon the specific magnitude and duration of exposure. However, the time course of altered RBC deformability following shear remains unresolved.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We utilised shear conditioning known to increase (10 Pa) or decrease (64 Pa) RBC deformability and subsequently rested the cells; serial measurements of deformability during the rest period facilitated defining the time course of recoverability. A second experiment repeated the shear conditioning and recovery period to explore whether multiple duty-cycles augmented the response following the initial exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Shear conditioning was performed for 300 s at the desired shear stress. Ektacytometry was used to quantify human RBC deformability immediately and during rest (3, 5, 60, 120, 240, 300 s) using discrete samples. RBC were shear conditioned twice in a separate experiment, with 300 s rest separating the conditioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Shear conditioning at 10 Pa induced increased cell deformability by 19.5 ± 0.3%, which reduced to 7.2 ± 0.4% after 300 s of rest. Shear conditioning at 64 Pa decreased cell deformability by 30.5 ± 13.9%, and after 300 s rest, remained decreased (19.3 ± 9.4%) compared with baseline. The second duty-cycle augmented initial responses induced by shear conditioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Specific shear conditioning results in either temporarily increased cell deformability, or a less reversible decrease of RBC deformability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"54 5-6","pages":"141-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-17151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35947078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Linear rheology as a potential monitoring tool for sputum in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). 线性流变学作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者痰液监测的潜在工具。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q4 BIOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3233/BIR-17141
C J Nettle, L Jenkins, D Curtis, N Badiei, K Lewis, P R Williams, D R Daniels

Background: The rheological properties of sputum may influence lung function and become modified in disease.

Objective: This study aimed to correlate the viscoelastic properties of sputum with clinical data on the severity of disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: Sputum samples from COPD patients were investigated using rheology, simple mathematical modelling and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The samples were all collected from patients within two days of their admission to Prince Philip Hospital due to an exacerbation of their COPD. Oscillatory and creep rheological techniques were used to measure changes in viscoelastic properties at different frequencies over time.

Results: COPD sputum was observed to behave as a viscoelastic solid at all frequencies studied. Comparing the rheology of exacerbated COPD sputum with healthy sputum (not diagnosed with a respiratory disease) revealed significant differences in response to oscillatory shear and creep-recovery experiments, which highlights the potential clinical benefits of better understanding sputum viscoelasticity. A common power law model G(t)=G0(tτ0)-m was successfully fitted to experimental rheology data over the range of frequencies studied.

Conclusions: A comparison between clinical data and the power law index m obtained from rheology, suggested that an important possible future application of this parameter is as a potential biomarker for COPD severity.

背景:痰流变学性质可能影响肺功能,并在疾病中发生改变。目的:本研究旨在探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者痰黏弹性与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法:采用流变学、简单数学模型和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对COPD患者的痰样本进行研究。这些样本都是在菲利普亲王医院因慢性阻塞性肺病恶化而入院后两天内收集的。振荡和蠕变流变技术被用来测量不同频率下的粘弹性随时间的变化。结果:COPD痰液在所有频率下均表现为粘弹性固体。比较加重COPD痰液与健康痰液(未诊断为呼吸系统疾病)的流变学,发现振荡剪切和蠕动恢复实验的反应存在显著差异,这突出了更好地了解痰液粘弹性的潜在临床益处。一个常见的幂律模型G(t)=G0(tτ0)-m成功地拟合了在所研究频率范围内的实验流变数据。结论:临床数据与流变学获得的幂律指数m的比较表明,该参数未来的一个重要应用可能是作为COPD严重程度的潜在生物标志物。
{"title":"Linear rheology as a potential monitoring tool for sputum in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).","authors":"C J Nettle,&nbsp;L Jenkins,&nbsp;D Curtis,&nbsp;N Badiei,&nbsp;K Lewis,&nbsp;P R Williams,&nbsp;D R Daniels","doi":"10.3233/BIR-17141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-17141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rheological properties of sputum may influence lung function and become modified in disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to correlate the viscoelastic properties of sputum with clinical data on the severity of disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sputum samples from COPD patients were investigated using rheology, simple mathematical modelling and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The samples were all collected from patients within two days of their admission to Prince Philip Hospital due to an exacerbation of their COPD. Oscillatory and creep rheological techniques were used to measure changes in viscoelastic properties at different frequencies over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COPD sputum was observed to behave as a viscoelastic solid at all frequencies studied. Comparing the rheology of exacerbated COPD sputum with healthy sputum (not diagnosed with a respiratory disease) revealed significant differences in response to oscillatory shear and creep-recovery experiments, which highlights the potential clinical benefits of better understanding sputum viscoelasticity. A common power law model G(t)=G0(tτ0)-m was successfully fitted to experimental rheology data over the range of frequencies studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A comparison between clinical data and the power law index m obtained from rheology, suggested that an important possible future application of this parameter is as a potential biomarker for COPD severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9167,"journal":{"name":"Biorheology","volume":"54 2-4","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BIR-17141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35689111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
期刊
Biorheology
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1