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Metabolic Engineering of Nonmodel Yeast Issatchenkia orientalis SD108 for 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Production. 生产 5-氨基乙酰丙酸的非模式酵母 Issatchenkia orientalis SD108 的代谢工程。
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28877
Shih-I Tan, I-Son Ng, Huimin Zhao

Biological production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has received growing attention over the years. However, there is the tradeoff between 5-ALA biosynthesis and cell growth because the fermentation broth will become acidic due to the production of 5-ALA. To address this limitation, we engineered an acid-tolerant yeast, Issatchenkia orientalis SD108, for 5-ALA production. We first discovered that the cell growth rate of I. orientalis SD108 was boosted by 5-ALA and its endogenous ALA synthetase (ALAS) showed higher activity than those homologs from other yeasts. The titer of 5-ALA was improved from 28 mg/L to 120-, 150-, and 300 mg/L, by optimizing plasmid design, overexpressing a transporter, and increasing gene copy number, respectively. After redirecting the metabolic flux using the pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) knockout strain (SD108ΔPDC) and culturing with urea, we increased the titer of 5-ALA to 510 mg/L, a 13-fold enhancement, proving the importance of the newly identified IoALAS with higher activity and the strategic selection of nitrogen sources for knockout strains. This study demonstrates the acid-tolerant I. orientalis SD108ΔPDC has a high potential for 5-ALA production at a large scale in the future.

近年来,5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)的生物生产越来越受到关注。然而,5-ALA 的生物合成与细胞生长之间存在权衡问题,因为 5-ALA 的产生会导致发酵液变酸。为了解决这一限制,我们设计了一种耐酸酵母--东方 Issatchenkia SD108,用于生产 5-ALA。我们首先发现,5-ALA 能促进东方伊沙钦霉 SD108 的细胞生长速度,而且其内源 ALA 合成酶(ALAS)的活性高于其他酵母的同源酶。通过优化质粒设计、超表达转运体和增加基因拷贝数,5-ALA 的滴度分别从 28 mg/L 提高到 120、150 和 300 mg/L。在使用丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)基因敲除菌株(SD108ΔPDC)重新定向代谢通量并用尿素培养后,我们将 5-ALA 的滴度提高到了 510 mg/L,提高了 13 倍,这证明了新发现的具有更高活性的 IoALAS 以及对基因敲除菌株进行氮源战略选择的重要性。这项研究表明,耐酸的东方鲑SD108ΔPDC在未来大规模生产5-ALA方面具有很大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Oxygen Consumption in Filamentous Pellets of Aspergillus niger: Microelectrode Measurements and Modeling. 黑曲霉丝状颗粒的耗氧量:微电极测量与建模
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28874
Charlotte Deffur, Anna Dinius, Julian Pagel, Henri Müller, Stefan Schmideder, Heiko Briesen, Rainer Krull

Filamentous fungi cultivated as biopellets are well established in biotechnology industries. A distinctive feature of filamentous fungi is that hyphal growth and fungal morphology affect product titers and require tailored process conditions. Within the pellet, mass transfer, substrate consumption, and biomass formation are intricately linked to the local hyphal fraction and pellet size. This study combined oxygen concentration measurements with microelectrode profiling and three-dimensional X-ray microtomography measurements of the same fungal pellets for the first time. This allowed for the precise correlation of micromorphological information with local oxygen concentrations of two Aspergillus niger strains (hyperbranching and regular branching). The generated results showed that the identified oxygen-penetrated outer pellet regions exhibited a depth of 90-290 µm, strain-specific, with the active part percentage in the pellet ranging from 18% to 69%, without any difference between strains. Using a 1D continuum diffusion consumption model, the oxygen concentration in the pellets was computed depending on the local hyphal fraction. The best simulation results were achieved by individually estimating the oxygen-related biomass yield coefficient of the consumption term within each examined pellet, with an average estimated value of 1.95 (± 0.72) kg biomass per kg oxygen. The study lays the foundation for understanding oxygen supply in fungal pellets and optimizing processes and pellet morphologies accordingly.

作为生物颗粒培养的丝状真菌已在生物技术产业中得到广泛应用。丝状真菌的一个显著特点是,菌丝生长和真菌形态会影响产品滴度,需要定制的工艺条件。在颗粒内部,传质、基质消耗和生物质形成与局部的菌丝部分和颗粒大小密切相关。本研究首次将氧气浓度测量与同一真菌颗粒的微电极剖面测量和三维 X 射线显微层析测量相结合。这使得两种黑曲霉菌株(超分支和规则分支)的微观形态信息与局部氧浓度之间建立了精确的关联。生成的结果表明,已确定的氧穿透外颗粒区域的深度为 90-290 微米,因菌株而异,颗粒中活性部分的百分比从 18% 到 69% 不等,不同菌株之间没有任何差异。利用一维连续扩散消耗模型,计算了颗粒中的氧气浓度,该浓度取决于局部的头状花序部分。通过单独估算每个受检颗粒内消耗项的氧气相关生物量产量系数,获得了最佳模拟结果,平均估算值为每千克氧气 1.95 (± 0.72) 千克生物量。这项研究为了解真菌球团中的氧气供应以及相应地优化工艺和球团形态奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Urea-Loaded PLGA Microspheres as Chemotaxis Stimulants for Helicobacter pylori. 作为幽门螺旋杆菌趋化刺激剂的尿素负载聚乳酸聚乳酸(PLGA)微球
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28870
Prasanth Shanmughan, Pravin Subrahmaniyan, Dhruv Bhatnagar, Srinithi Ranganathan, Pushkar P Lele

Helicobacter pylori cells undergo chemotaxis toward several small molecules, called chemo-attractants, including urea produced by the epithelial cells of the stomach. The biophysical mechanisms of chemotaxis are not well understood in H. pylori. Here, we developed point sources of urea by encapsulating it in Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA microbeads for H. pylori chemotaxis studies. Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering characterization indicated that the PLGA particles had an average diameter of < 0.8 μm. The particles were relatively stable and had a net negative surface charge. Absorbance measurements indicated that the beads released ~70% of the urea over a 2-week period, with most of the release occurring within the first 24-h period. Varying pH (2.0-7.0) had little effect on the rate of urea release. A diffusion model predicted that such beads could generate sufficient urea gradients to chemotactically attract H. pylori cells. Single-bead single-cell chemotaxis assays confirmed the predictions, revealing that H. pylori continued to be attracted to beads even after most of the urea had been released in the first 24 h. Our work highlights a novel use of PLGA microbeads as delivery vehicles for stimulating a chemotaxis response in H. pylori, with potential applications in bacterial eradication strategies.

幽门螺杆菌细胞对几种小分子(称为趋化吸引剂)具有趋化作用,其中包括胃上皮细胞产生的尿素。幽门螺杆菌趋化的生物物理机制尚不十分清楚。在此,我们通过将尿素封装在聚乳酸-共-乙醇酸或聚乳酸-丙烯酸微珠中,开发了尿素点源,用于幽门螺杆菌趋化研究。显微镜和动态光散射表征表明,PLGA 颗粒的平均直径为
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引用次数: 0
Design an Energy-Conserving Pathway for Efficient Biosynthesis of 1,5-Pentanediol and 5-Amino-1-Pentanol. 为 1,5-戊二醇和 5-氨基-1-戊醇的高效生物合成设计节能途径。
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28875
Lin Ma, Chong Xie, Yu Zhang, Wenna Li, Ning An, Xiaolin Shen, Jia Wang, Xinxiao Sun, Qipeng Yuan

1,5-Pentanediol (1,5-PDO) is an important five-carbon alcohol, widely used in polymer and pharmaceutical industries. Considering the substantial energy (ATP and NADPH) requirements of previous pathways, an energy-conserving artificial pathway with a higher theoretical yield (0.75 mol/mol glucose) was designed and constructed in this study. In this pathway, lysine is converted into 1,5-PDO by decarboxylation, two transamination, and two reduction reactions. For the purpose of full pathway construction, 5-aminopetanal reductase and 5-amino-1-pentanol (5-APO) transaminase were identified and characterized. By implementing strategies such as modular optimization of gene expression, enhancing lysine biosynthesis and increasing NADPH supply, the engineered strains were able to produce 1502.8 mg/L 5-APO and 726.2 mg/L 1,5-PDO in shake flasks and 11.7 g/L 1,5-PDO in a 3 L bioreactor. This work provides a new and promising pathway for the efficient production of 5-APO and 1,5-PDO.

1,5-戊二醇(1,5-PDO)是一种重要的五碳醇,广泛应用于聚合物和制药行业。考虑到以前的途径需要大量能量(ATP 和 NADPH),本研究设计并构建了一种理论产量(0.75 摩尔/摩尔葡萄糖)更高的节能人工途径。在这一途径中,赖氨酸通过脱羧、两次转氨基和两次还原反应转化为 1,5-PDO。为了构建完整的途径,对 5-氨基戊醛还原酶和 5-氨基-1-戊醇(5-APO)转氨酶进行了鉴定和表征。通过模块化优化基因表达、加强赖氨酸生物合成和增加 NADPH 供应等策略,工程菌株能够在摇瓶中产生 1502.8 mg/L 5-APO 和 726.2 mg/L 1,5-PDO,在 3 L 生物反应器中产生 11.7 g/L 1,5-PDO。这项工作为高效生产 5-APO 和 1,5-PDO提供了一种新的、前景广阔的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Protein Scaffold-Mediated Multi-Enzyme Self-Assembly and Ordered Co-Immobilization of Flavin-Dependent Halogenase-Coenzyme Cycle System for Efficient Biosynthesis of 6-Cl-L-Trp. 蛋白支架介导的多酶自组装和黄素依赖性卤化酶-辅酶循环系统的有序协同固定,以实现 6-Cl-L-Trp 的高效生物合成。
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28871
Han-Yu Liu, Pan Ning, Feng Qian, Yao-Wu Wang, Hai-Min Zhang, Pu Wang

Flavin-dependent halogenase (FDH) is highly prized in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for its exceptional capacity to produce halogenated aromatic compounds with precise regioselectivity. This study has devised a multi-enzyme self-assembly strategy to construct an effective and reliable in vitro coenzyme cycling system tailored for FDHs. Initially, tri-enzyme self-assembling nanoclusters (TESNCs) were developed, comprising glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), flavin reductase (FR) and FDH. The TESNCs exhibited enhanced thermal stability and conversion efficiency compared to free triple enzyme mixtures during the conversion of L-Trp to 6-Cl-L-Trp, resulting in a 2.1-fold increase in yield. Subsequently, an ordered co-immobilization of GDH, FR, and FDH was established, further amplifying the stability and catalytic efficiency of the FDH coenzyme cycle system. Compared to the free TESNCs, the immobilized TESNCs demonstrated a 4.2-fold increase in catalytic efficiency in a 5 mL reaction system. This research provides an effective strategy for developing a robust and efficient coenzyme recycling system for FDHs.

黄素依赖性卤化酶(FDH)因其能够以精确的区域选择性生产卤代芳香族化合物而备受制药和化工行业的青睐。本研究设计了一种多酶自组装策略,为 FDH 构建了一个有效可靠的体外辅酶循环系统。最初,研究人员开发了由葡萄糖脱氢酶(GDH)、黄素还原酶(FR)和FDH组成的三酶自组装纳米簇(TESNCs)。在将 L-Trp 转化为 6-Cl-L-Trp 的过程中,与游离三酶混合物相比,TESNCs 表现出更高的热稳定性和转化效率,使产量增加了 2.1 倍。随后,建立了 GDH、FR 和 FDH 的有序共固定,进一步提高了 FDH 辅酶循环系统的稳定性和催化效率。与游离 TESNCs 相比,固定化 TESNCs 在 5 mL 反应体系中的催化效率提高了 4.2 倍。这项研究为开发稳健高效的 FDH 辅酶循环系统提供了有效策略。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Golden Batches in Biomanufacturing Processes From Internal Metabolic Activity to Detect Process Changes That May Affect Product Quality. 从内部代谢活动定义生物制造过程中的黄金批次,以检测可能影响产品质量的过程变化。
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28873
Xin Bush, Erica J Fratz-Berilla, Casey L Kohnhorst, Roberta King, Cyrus Agarabi, David N Powers, Nicholas Trunfio

Cellular metabolism plays a role in the observed variability of a drug substance's Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) made by biomanufacturing processes. Therefore, here we describe a new approach for monitoring biomanufacturing processes that measures a set of metabolic reaction rates (named Critical Metabolic Parameters (CMP) in addition to the macroscopic process conditions currently being used as Critical Process Parameters (CPP) for biomanufacturing. Constraint-based systems biology models like Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) are used to estimate metabolic reaction rates, and metabolic rates are used as inputs for multivariate Batch Evolution Models (BEM). Metabolic activity was reproducible among batches and could be monitored to detect a deliberately induced macroscopic process shift (i.e., temperature change). The CMP approach has the potential to enable "golden batches" in biomanufacturing processes to be defined from the internal metabolic activity and to aid in detecting process changes that may impact the quality of the product. Overall, the data suggested that monitoring of metabolic activity has promise for biomanufacturing process control.

细胞代谢在生物制造过程中观察到的药物关键质量属性(CQA)的变化中起着重要作用。因此,我们在此介绍一种监测生物制造过程的新方法,除了目前用作生物制造关键工艺参数(CPP)的宏观工艺条件外,还测量一组代谢反应速率(称为关键代谢参数(CMP))。通量平衡分析(FBA)等基于约束的系统生物学模型被用来估算代谢反应速率,代谢速率被用作多元批量进化模型(BEM)的输入。新陈代谢活动在不同批次之间具有可重复性,并且可以通过监测来检测特意诱导的宏观过程转变(即温度变化)。CMP 方法有可能使生物制造过程中的 "黄金批次 "从内部代谢活动中定义出来,并有助于检测可能影响产品质量的过程变化。总之,数据表明,代谢活动监测有望用于生物制造过程控制。
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引用次数: 0
Engineering GID4 for use as an N-terminal proline binder via directed evolution 通过定向进化将 GID4 改造为 N 端脯氨酸结合剂
IF 3.8 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28868
Svetlana P. Ikonomova, Bo Yan, Zhiyi Sun, Rachel B. Lyon, Kelly M. Zatopek, John P. Marino, Zvi Kelman
Nucleic acid sequencing technologies have gone through extraordinary advancements in the past several decades, significantly increasing throughput while reducing cost. To create similar advancement in proteomics, numerous approaches are being investigated to advance protein sequencing. One of the promising approaches uses N-terminal amino acid binders (NAABs), also referred to as recognizers, that selectively can identify amino acids at the N-terminus of a peptide. However, there are only a few engineered NAABs currently available that bind to specific amino acids and meet the requirements of a biotechnology reagent. Therefore, additional NAABs need to be identified and engineered to enable confident identification and, ultimately, de novo protein sequencing. To fill this gap, a human protein GID4 was engineered to create a NAAB for N-terminal proline (Nt-Pro). While native GID4 binds Nt-Pro, its binding is weak (µmol/L) and greatly influenced by the identity of residues following the Nt-Pro. Through directed evolution, yeast-surface display, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we identified sequence variants of GID4 with increased binding response to Nt-Pro. Moreover, variants with an A252V mutation showed a reduced influence from residues in the second and third positions of the target peptide when binding to Nt-Pro. The workflow outlined here is shown to be a viable strategy for engineering NAABs, even when starting from native Nt-binding proteins whose binding is strongly impacted by the identity of residues following Nt-amino acid.
过去几十年来,核酸测序技术取得了长足的进步,在降低成本的同时大幅提高了产量。为了在蛋白质组学方面取得类似的进展,目前正在研究多种方法来推进蛋白质测序。其中一种很有前景的方法是使用 N 端氨基酸结合剂(NAABs),它也被称为识别器,可以选择性地识别肽 N 端的氨基酸。然而,目前只有少数工程化的 NAAB 能与特定氨基酸结合,并符合生物技术试剂的要求。因此,需要鉴定和设计更多的 NAABs,以便进行可靠的鉴定,并最终进行全新的蛋白质测序。为了填补这一空白,我们对人类蛋白质 GID4 进行了改造,以创建 N 端脯氨酸(Nt-Pro)的 NAAB。虽然原生 GID4 能与 Nt-Pro 结合,但其结合力很弱(µmol/L),而且在很大程度上受 Nt-Pro 后面残基特性的影响。通过定向进化、酵母表面展示和荧光激活细胞分选,我们发现了对 Nt-Pro 结合反应更强的 GID4 序列变体。此外,带有 A252V 突变的变体在与 Nt-Pro 结合时,目标肽第二和第三位残基的影响减弱。本文概述的工作流程被证明是一种可行的 NAABs 工程设计策略,即使是从原生 Nt 结合蛋白开始,其结合也会受到 Nt 氨基酸后残基身份的强烈影响。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibition Control by Continuous Extractive Fermentation Enhances De Novo 2-Phenylethanol Production by Yeast 连续萃取发酵的抑制控制提高了酵母的新 2-苯基乙醇产量
IF 3.8 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28872
Alessandro Brewster, Arjan Oudshoorn, Marion van Lotringen, Pieter Nelisse, Emily van den Berg, Marijke Luttik, Jean-Marc Daran
Current microbial cell factory methods for producing chemicals from renewable resources primarily rely on (fed-)batch production systems, leading to the accumulation of the desired product. Industrially relevant chemicals like 2-phenylethanol (2PE), a flavor and fragrance compound, can exhibit toxicity at low concentrations, inhibit the host activity, and negatively impact titer, rate, and yield. Batch liquid-liquid (L-L) In Situ Product Removal (ISPR) was employed to mitigate inhibition effects, but was not found sufficient for industrial-scale application. Here, we demonstrated that continuous selective L-L ISPR provides the solution for maintaining the productivity of de novo produced 2PE at an industrial pilot scale. A unique bioreactor concept called “Fermentation Accelerated by Separation Technology” (FAST) utilizes hydrostatic pressure differences to separate aqueous- and extractant streams within one unit operation, where both production and product extraction take place - allowing for the control of the concentration of the inhibiting compound. Controlled aqueous 2PE levels (0.43 ± 0.02 g kg−1) and extended production times (>100 h) were obtained and co-inhibiting by-product formation was reduced, resulting in a twofold increase of the final product output of batch L-L ISPR approaches. This study establishes that continuous selective L-L ISPR, enabled by FAST, can be applied for more economically viable production of inhibiting products.
目前利用可再生资源生产化学品的微生物细胞工厂方法主要依赖于(喂养)批量生产系统,从而导致所需产品的积累。2-phenylethanol (2PE)(一种香精香料化合物)等与工业相关的化学品在低浓度时会表现出毒性,抑制宿主活性,并对滴度、速率和产量产生负面影响。批量液-液(L-L)原位产物去除(ISPR)技术可减轻抑制作用,但不足以满足工业规模的应用。在这里,我们证明了连续选择性液-液 ISPR 为在工业试验规模上保持从头生产 2PE 的生产率提供了解决方案。一种名为 "通过分离技术加速发酵"(FAST)的独特生物反应器概念利用静水压力差在一个单元操作中分离水流和萃取剂流,在此同时进行生产和产品萃取,从而控制抑制性化合物的浓度。通过控制 2PE 的水含量(0.43 ± 0.02 g kg-1)和延长生产时间(100 h),减少了共抑制副产品的形成,从而使批量 L-L ISPR 方法的最终产品产量提高了两倍。这项研究证明,利用 FAST 进行连续选择性 L-L ISPR,可以生产出更具经济效益的抑制性产品。
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引用次数: 0
Real Case Study of 600 m3 Bubble Column Fermentations: Spatially Resolved Simulations Unveil Optimization Potentials for l-Phenylalanine Production With Escherichia coli 600 立方米气泡塔发酵的真实案例研究:空间分辨模拟揭示大肠杆菌生产 l-苯丙氨酸的优化潜力
IF 3.8 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28869
Yannic Mast, Adel Ghaderi, Ralf Takors
Large-scale fermentations (»100 m³) often encounter concentration gradients which may significantly affect microbial activities and production performance. Reliably investigating such scenarios in silico would allow to optimize bioproduction. But related simulations are very rare in particular for large bubble columns. Here, we pioneer the spatially resolved investigation of a 600 m³ bubble column operating for Escherichia coli based l-phenylalanine fed-batch production. Microbial kinetics are derived from experimental data. Advanced Euler-Lagrange (EL) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are applied to track individual bubble dynamics that result from a recently developed bubble breakage model. Thereon, the complex nonlinear characteristics of hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and microbial activities are simulated for large scale and compared with real data. As a key characteristic, zones for upriser, downcomer, and circulation cells were identified that dominate mixing and mass transfer. This results in complex gradients of glucose, dissolved oxygen, and microbial rates dividing the bioreactor into sections. Consequently, alternate feed designs are evaluated splitting real feed rates in two feeds at different locations. The opposite reversed installation of feed spots and spargers improved the product synthesis by 6.24% while alternate scenarios increased the growth rate by 11.05%. The results demonstrate how sophisticated, spatially resolved simulations of hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and microbial kinetics help to optimize bioreactors in silico.
大规模发酵("100 m³")经常会遇到浓度梯度,这可能会严重影响微生物的活动和生产性能。对这种情况进行可靠的模拟研究可以优化生物生产。但相关模拟非常罕见,尤其是针对大型气泡塔的模拟。在此,我们率先对一个 600 立方米的气泡塔进行了空间分辨研究,该气泡塔以大肠杆菌为基础,进行间歇式苯丙氨酸生产。微生物动力学源于实验数据。先进的欧拉-拉格朗日(EL)计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟用于跟踪最近开发的气泡破裂模型所产生的单个气泡动力学。由此,对流体动力学、传质和微生物活动的复杂非线性特性进行了大规模模拟,并与实际数据进行了比较。作为一个关键特征,确定了主导混合和传质的上行器、下行器和循环池区域。这导致葡萄糖、溶解氧和微生物速率的复杂梯度,将生物反应器划分为不同的区域。因此,我们对替代进料设计进行了评估,在不同位置将实际进料率分成两个进料点。相反,反向安装进料点和喷射器可将产品合成率提高 6.24%,而交替方案可将生长率提高 11.05%。这些结果表明,对流体力学、传质和微生物动力学进行复杂的空间分辨模拟,有助于在硅学中优化生物反应器。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the catalytic performance of carbonyl reductase based on the functional loops engineering. 基于功能环工程改善羰基还原酶的催化性能。
IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28864
Tao-Shun Zhou, Xiang-Yang Li, Xiao-Jian Zhang, Xue Cai, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Yu-Guo Zheng

Vibegron functions as a potent and selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, with its chiral precursor (2S,3R)-aminohydroxy ester (1b) being crucial to its synthesis. In this study, loop engineering was applied to the carbonyl reductase (EaSDR6) from Exiguobacterium algae to achieve an asymmetric reduction of the (rac)-aminoketone ester 1a. The variant M5 (A138L/A190V/S193A/Y201F/N204A) was obtained and demonstrated an 868-fold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km = 260.3 s-1 mM-1) and a desirable stereoselectivity (>99% enantiomeric excess, e.e.; >99% diastereomeric excess, d.e.) for the target product 1b in contrast to the wild-type EaSDR6 (WT). Structural alignment with WT indicated that loops 137-154 and 182-210 potentially play vital roles in facilitating catalysis and substrate binding. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of WT-1a and M5-1a complex illustrated that M5-1a exhibits a more effective nucleophilic attack distance and more readily adopts a pre-reaction state. The interaction analysis unveiled that M5 enhanced hydrophobic interactions with substrate 1a on cavities A and B while diminishing unfavorable hydrophilic interactions on cavity C. Computational analysis of binding free energies indicated that M5 displayed heightened affinity towards substrate 1a compared to the WT, aligning with its decreased Km value. Under organic-aqueous biphasic conditions, the M5 mutant showed >99% conversion within 12 h with 300 g/L substrate 1a (highest substrate loading as reported). This study enhanced the catalytic performance of carbonyl reductase through functional loops engineering and established a robust framework for the large-scale biosynthesis of the vibegron intermediate.

维贝琼是一种强效、选择性的β3-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,其手性前体(2S,3R)-氨基羟基酯(1b)对其合成至关重要。本研究将环路工程学应用于藻类Exiguobacterium的羰基还原酶(EaSDR6),以实现(rac)-氨基酮酯1a的不对称还原。与野生型 EaSDR6(WT)相比,变体 M5(A138L/A190V/S193A/Y201F/N204A)的催化效率提高了 868 倍(kcat/Km = 260.3 s-1 mM-1),并对目标产物 1b 具有理想的立体选择性(对映体过量率 >99%,e.e.;非对映体过量率 >99%,d.e.)。与 WT 的结构比对表明,137-154 环和 182-210 环可能在促进催化和底物结合方面起着重要作用。此外,WT-1a 和 M5-1a 复合物的分子动力学(MD)模拟表明,M5-1a 表现出更有效的亲核攻击距离,更容易进入预反应状态。结合自由能的计算分析表明,与 WT 相比,M5 对底物 1a 的亲和力更强,这与其 Km 值的降低是一致的。在有机-水双相条件下,M5 突变体在底物 1a 为 300 g/L 的情况下,12 小时内的转化率大于 99%(据报道,底物负载量最高)。这项研究通过功能环工程提高了羰基还原酶的催化性能,并为大规模生物合成维贝琼中间体建立了一个稳健的框架。
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引用次数: 0
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Biotechnology and Bioengineering
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