A. Sagari, T. Tabira, Michio Maruta, Hironori Miyata, Takashi Hasegawa, Masahiro Kawagoe
: Background: Japan has become a super-aged society, resulting in an increased number of insurance certifi cations for long-term care needs. This study aimed to identify the effects of daily living activities on changes in certifi cation among older persons with support needs classified by cognitive function. Methods: The sample, sourced from the 2014 and 2016 Japanese long-term care insurance certification surveys, con sisted of 6,219 individuals with support needs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify activities of daily living (ADL) associated with certification changes. Separate logistic regressions were performed to predict certification changes based on participants’ cognitive functioning. Results: Regarding levels of cognitive functioning, ADL associated with certification change among the highest func tioning individuals were bathing, nail trimming, mobility, managing money, and decision-making ability. At the next level of functioning, the activities included bathing, toilet hygiene (urinary), taking prescribed medications, managing money, decision-making ability, and preparing meals. At the lowest level of functioning, only managing money was associated with a certification change. Conclusion: ADL affecting certification change varies with the level of cognitive functioning. Thus, managing money was considered to be the most important activity as it influences change in certification in all cognitive categories. When occupational therapists create interventions for older persons with support needs, they should use IADL abilities such as managing money, which requires complex cognitive functions, from an early stage. This may lead to the reduction of the need for care in older persons with support needs.
{"title":"Effect of Daily Living Activities on the Need for Long-Term Care in Older Adults","authors":"A. Sagari, T. Tabira, Michio Maruta, Hironori Miyata, Takashi Hasegawa, Masahiro Kawagoe","doi":"10.11596/asiajot.17.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/asiajot.17.69","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Japan has become a super-aged society, resulting in an increased number of insurance certifi cations for long-term care needs. This study aimed to identify the effects of daily living activities on changes in certifi cation among older persons with support needs classified by cognitive function. Methods: The sample, sourced from the 2014 and 2016 Japanese long-term care insurance certification surveys, con sisted of 6,219 individuals with support needs. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify activities of daily living (ADL) associated with certification changes. Separate logistic regressions were performed to predict certification changes based on participants’ cognitive functioning. Results: Regarding levels of cognitive functioning, ADL associated with certification change among the highest func tioning individuals were bathing, nail trimming, mobility, managing money, and decision-making ability. At the next level of functioning, the activities included bathing, toilet hygiene (urinary), taking prescribed medications, managing money, decision-making ability, and preparing meals. At the lowest level of functioning, only managing money was associated with a certification change. Conclusion: ADL affecting certification change varies with the level of cognitive functioning. Thus, managing money was considered to be the most important activity as it influences change in certification in all cognitive categories. When occupational therapists create interventions for older persons with support needs, they should use IADL abilities such as managing money, which requires complex cognitive functions, from an early stage. This may lead to the reduction of the need for care in older persons with support needs.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuji Nakamura, S. Umeda, Y. Nakaya, Sonomi Nakajima, Y. Sengoku
Objective: To examine the effects of a movable seat surface with forward tilting and forward locomotion mechanisms from muscle activation time and anticipatory postural adjustment of the trunk and lower limbs in the for-
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Movable Seat Surface Evaluated from the Difference in the Start Time of Muscle Activity and Anticipatory Postural Adjustment","authors":"Yuji Nakamura, S. Umeda, Y. Nakaya, Sonomi Nakajima, Y. Sengoku","doi":"10.11596/ASIAJOT.16.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/ASIAJOT.16.103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the effects of a movable seat surface with forward tilting and forward locomotion mechanisms from muscle activation time and anticipatory postural adjustment of the trunk and lower limbs in the for-","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Sato, Atsuko Shiosaki, Yoshiki Samoto, R. Yoshimura
: Introduction: Diplopia due to restricted eye movements makes it difficult to locomote. There are no re ported therapies that overcome the locomotion difficulties of patients with oculomotor nerve palsy after a stroke. We outline a therapy process conducted by an occupational therapist (OT) that combines ptosis therapy and the treatment of impaired eye movements with exploratory activities for locomotion that enabled the patient, a Japanese woman in her 70s, to improve her engagement in daily activities. Methods: The OT therapy consisted of two phases. Phase I: Ptosis and eye movement interventions were performed. Phase II: Interventions supported locomotion that linked visual exploration and the somatosensory system, and the ex perienced locomotion was adapted to the environmental structure. The outcomes for the intervention effects were the degree of ptosis, eye movement and diplopia, gait functions, and a functional independence measure for activities of daily living. Results: The patient's ptosis and eye movement disorder improved, and the difficulty of locomotion due to diplopia was overcome. She was thus able to become independent in all daily activities. Conclusion: Therapy that combines interventions for ptosis and eye movement with exploratory activities supporting locomotion have overcome locomotion difficulties and improved the outcomes of patients with oculomotor nerve palsy. Current interventions may improve locomotion in post-stroke patients with oculomotor nerve palsy. Our findings led us to hypothesize that locomotion difficulties in patients with diplopia due to oculomotor nerve palsy can be overcome by combined therapy for ptosis and eye movements with support for exploratory action in locomotion.
{"title":"An Intervention to Overcome Locomotion Difficulties in a Patient with Oculomotor Nerve Palsy: A Case Study","authors":"Masato Sato, Atsuko Shiosaki, Yoshiki Samoto, R. Yoshimura","doi":"10.11596/asiajot.17.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/asiajot.17.79","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction: Diplopia due to restricted eye movements makes it difficult to locomote. There are no re ported therapies that overcome the locomotion difficulties of patients with oculomotor nerve palsy after a stroke. We outline a therapy process conducted by an occupational therapist (OT) that combines ptosis therapy and the treatment of impaired eye movements with exploratory activities for locomotion that enabled the patient, a Japanese woman in her 70s, to improve her engagement in daily activities. Methods: The OT therapy consisted of two phases. Phase I: Ptosis and eye movement interventions were performed. Phase II: Interventions supported locomotion that linked visual exploration and the somatosensory system, and the ex perienced locomotion was adapted to the environmental structure. The outcomes for the intervention effects were the degree of ptosis, eye movement and diplopia, gait functions, and a functional independence measure for activities of daily living. Results: The patient's ptosis and eye movement disorder improved, and the difficulty of locomotion due to diplopia was overcome. She was thus able to become independent in all daily activities. Conclusion: Therapy that combines interventions for ptosis and eye movement with exploratory activities supporting locomotion have overcome locomotion difficulties and improved the outcomes of patients with oculomotor nerve palsy. Current interventions may improve locomotion in post-stroke patients with oculomotor nerve palsy. Our findings led us to hypothesize that locomotion difficulties in patients with diplopia due to oculomotor nerve palsy can be overcome by combined therapy for ptosis and eye movements with support for exploratory action in locomotion.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64522052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Background: While many studies research factors that affect Instrumental Activities of Daily Living after stroke, few studies research factors that affect domestic chores after stroke. This study aims to investigate factors that affect domestic chores after stroke. Methods: In this cohort study, 29 stroke patients were followed from the time they entered the rehabilitation ward to one month after discharge. Participants were included if they had been independently doing domestic chores before stroke onset and were independently walking inside the hospital after stroke onset. Variables were selected from demographics, physical function, cognitive function, psychological function, and functioning. The Spearman correlation between the domestic chores score of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) after stroke and variables was calculated. Results: The Timed Up and Go test ( r = 0.41, p = 0.03), the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire ( r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and the Functional Independence Measure motor domain ( r = 0.57, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with the domes tic chores domain of the FAI. Unlike previous studies, cognitive function and depression also didn’t show a statistical relationship with domestic chores after stroke. Conclusion: Our results show that stroke patients should improve their self-efficacy to resume domestic chores after stroke, in addition to physical and cognitive functions. The results are also consistent with previous studies about the research relationship between self-efficacy and functioning.
背景:虽然许多研究研究影响中风后日常生活工具活动的因素，但很少有研究研究影响中风后家务劳动的因素。本研究旨在探讨影响中风后家务劳动的因素。方法:对29例脑卒中患者进行随访，随访时间为入院至出院1个月。如果参与者在中风发作前能独立做家务，中风发作后能独立在医院行走，他们就被纳入研究范围。变量从人口统计学、身体功能、认知功能、心理功能和功能中选择。计算脑卒中后法国活动指数(FAI)家务劳动得分与各变量之间的Spearman相关性。结果:Timed Up和Go测验(r = 0.41, p = 0.03)、卒中自我效能问卷(r = 0.54, p < 0.01)和功能独立测量运动域(r = 0.57, p < 0.01)与FAI的家务家务域显著相关。与之前的研究不同，中风后的认知功能和抑郁也没有显示出与家务劳动的统计关系。结论:脑卒中患者在恢复身体和认知功能的同时，还需要提高自我效能感。这一结果也与以往关于自我效能感与功能关系的研究结果相一致。
{"title":"Factors Associated with the Frequency of Doing Domestic Chores After Mild to Moderate Stroke","authors":"Kohei Kusuda, R. Tanemura","doi":"10.11596/ASIAJOT.16.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/ASIAJOT.16.111","url":null,"abstract":": Background: While many studies research factors that affect Instrumental Activities of Daily Living after stroke, few studies research factors that affect domestic chores after stroke. This study aims to investigate factors that affect domestic chores after stroke. Methods: In this cohort study, 29 stroke patients were followed from the time they entered the rehabilitation ward to one month after discharge. Participants were included if they had been independently doing domestic chores before stroke onset and were independently walking inside the hospital after stroke onset. Variables were selected from demographics, physical function, cognitive function, psychological function, and functioning. The Spearman correlation between the domestic chores score of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) after stroke and variables was calculated. Results: The Timed Up and Go test ( r = 0.41, p = 0.03), the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire ( r = 0.54, p < 0.01) and the Functional Independence Measure motor domain ( r = 0.57, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with the domes tic chores domain of the FAI. Unlike previous studies, cognitive function and depression also didn’t show a statistical relationship with domestic chores after stroke. Conclusion: Our results show that stroke patients should improve their self-efficacy to resume domestic chores after stroke, in addition to physical and cognitive functions. The results are also consistent with previous studies about the research relationship between self-efficacy and functioning.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fujii, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Koji Funasaka, Suguru Kurokawa, Koji Hamagami
: Objective: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of metacognitive training (MCT) with long-term hospi talized patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Patients admitted to a hospital’s long-term care ward were randomly allocated to Groups A or B, and a crossover trial was performed. As intervention, 16 weekly MCT sessions were performed for 4 months as part of standard occupational therapy, and the participants’ cognitive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, overall functioning, and cogni tive bias were assessed at baseline, 4 months later, and 8 months later. Results: Twenty-two patients participated. Those who were discharged midway through the course, and those who withdrew their consent were excluded, and 17 individuals (Group A: n = 9; Group B, n = 8) completed their assessments 8 months later. No significant differences were seen in inter-group comparisons of the scores of various scales at the baseline. Four months and eight months later, a comparison between before and after MCT showed improvement tendencies for both groups in the participants’ cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms. A comparison of scores before and after the MCT intervention period, from all participants, showed significant improvement tendencies in their verbal memory and attention. Conclusion: MCT can be used for long-term hospitalization in patients with chronic-stage schizophrenia, and this study showed its potential to improve neurocognitive function. Going forward, there is a need to increase the sample size and examine the efficacy of MCT in more detail.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Metacognitive Training for Long-Term Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study with a Crossover Design","authors":"K. Fujii, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Koji Funasaka, Suguru Kurokawa, Koji Hamagami","doi":"10.11596/ASIAJOT.17.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/ASIAJOT.17.45","url":null,"abstract":": Objective: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of metacognitive training (MCT) with long-term hospi talized patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Patients admitted to a hospital’s long-term care ward were randomly allocated to Groups A or B, and a crossover trial was performed. As intervention, 16 weekly MCT sessions were performed for 4 months as part of standard occupational therapy, and the participants’ cognitive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, overall functioning, and cogni tive bias were assessed at baseline, 4 months later, and 8 months later. Results: Twenty-two patients participated. Those who were discharged midway through the course, and those who withdrew their consent were excluded, and 17 individuals (Group A: n = 9; Group B, n = 8) completed their assessments 8 months later. No significant differences were seen in inter-group comparisons of the scores of various scales at the baseline. Four months and eight months later, a comparison between before and after MCT showed improvement tendencies for both groups in the participants’ cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms. A comparison of scores before and after the MCT intervention period, from all participants, showed significant improvement tendencies in their verbal memory and attention. Conclusion: MCT can be used for long-term hospitalization in patients with chronic-stage schizophrenia, and this study showed its potential to improve neurocognitive function. Going forward, there is a need to increase the sample size and examine the efficacy of MCT in more detail.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Introduction: Acquiring competence in clinical reasoning is regarded as key to meet the challenges of inte-grating knowledge into one’s practice. Learners and educators need a shared understanding of what is clinical reasoning because they need appropriate means for reflection and feedback. However, the clinical reasoning concept needs revisiting in the current context, which is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical reasoning concept and develop a common framework. Methods: Rodgers’ concept analysis was selected for this theoretical study. Accordingly, a systematically search of multiple databases yielded 903 articles and 135 articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted, and of these 30 articles randomly sampled for analysis. Data analysis was done following Rodgers’ method of thematic analysis. Results: The attributes were four ‘therapeutic thinking processes’ and two ‘professional thinking skills.’ The application contexts were ‘clinical and non-clinical practice settings,’ and ‘professional education.’ Moreover, the antecedents were ‘professional factors’ and ‘practice factors,’ and the consequences were ‘professional developments’ and ‘professional attitudes and behaviours.’ Conclusion: The resulting framework of clinical reasoning can be the basis for developing pedagogies and assessment of clinical reasoning competence acquisition.
{"title":"A Concept Analysis of Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy","authors":"S. Maruyama, S. Sasada, Yohei Jinbo, P. Bontje","doi":"10.11596/ASIAJOT.16.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/ASIAJOT.16.119","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction: Acquiring competence in clinical reasoning is regarded as key to meet the challenges of inte-grating knowledge into one’s practice. Learners and educators need a shared understanding of what is clinical reasoning because they need appropriate means for reflection and feedback. However, the clinical reasoning concept needs revisiting in the current context, which is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical reasoning concept and develop a common framework. Methods: Rodgers’ concept analysis was selected for this theoretical study. Accordingly, a systematically search of multiple databases yielded 903 articles and 135 articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted, and of these 30 articles randomly sampled for analysis. Data analysis was done following Rodgers’ method of thematic analysis. Results: The attributes were four ‘therapeutic thinking processes’ and two ‘professional thinking skills.’ The application contexts were ‘clinical and non-clinical practice settings,’ and ‘professional education.’ Moreover, the antecedents were ‘professional factors’ and ‘practice factors,’ and the consequences were ‘professional developments’ and ‘professional attitudes and behaviours.’ Conclusion: The resulting framework of clinical reasoning can be the basis for developing pedagogies and assessment of clinical reasoning competence acquisition.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimiko Shibata, H. Nishikata, Sayoko Kawabata, H. Miyadera, Yohei Kuriki
Purpose: This study explored the effectiveness of a new parent-child social skills training program addressing social skills and parenting stress among children with developmental disabilities and their parents. Methods: Participants were 15 children (14 boys, 1 girl; 7–9 years old) with diagnoses related to developmental disability and a Full Scale IQ ≥ 70 and 17 parents (2 fathers, 15 mothers; 34–51 years old). Each session of this program lasted 110 minutes and occurred every 1–3 weeks for about 2 months. Social skills were measured by self-evaluation (Social Skills Scale for Elementary School Children, Social Skills Self-Rating Scale for Adults: SS-A), information provider’s evaluation (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition, Japanese version: VABS-II), and practitioner’s evaluation (Role-Play Test for Children and Parents: RPT-CP), and parenting stress was measured with the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) before, immediately after, and at a 3-month follow-up after intervention. Results: VABS-II scores were significantly lower after the intervention (z = −2.58, p = .011, r = −.65). Children’s RPTCP scores also improved (z = 1.705, p = .08). The scores on SS-A, parents’ RPT-CP, and PSI improved significantly at follow-up (z = 2.832, p = .005, r = .71; z = 2.91, p = .004, r = .71; z = −2.34, p = .019, r = −.57), and parents’ RPT-CP scores were significantly higher at follow-up than post-intervention (z = 2.333, p = .02, r = .58). Conclusions: This program effectively improved parents’ social skills after the intervention, and parenting stress decreased at follow-up.
目的:本研究探讨了一种新的亲子社交技能训练方案对发育障碍儿童及其父母的社交技能和育儿压力的有效性。方法:研究对象为15例儿童(男童14例，女童1例;7-9岁)，诊断为发育障碍且全面智商≥70，父母17人(父亲2人，母亲15人;34-51岁)。该项目每次持续110分钟，每1-3周进行一次，持续约2个月。采用自评法(小学儿童社会技能量表、成人社会技能自评量表:SS-A)、信息提供者评价法(Vineland适应行为量表，第二版，日文版:VABS-II)和实践者评价法(儿童与父母角色扮演测验:RPT-CP)测量社会技能，在干预前、干预后、干预后3个月随访时采用父母压力指数(PSI)测量父母压力。结果:干预后VABS-II评分显著降低(z = - 2.58, p = 0.011, r = - 0.65)。儿童RPTCP得分也有所提高(z = 1.705, p = 0.08)。SS-A、家长RPT-CP和PSI得分在随访中显著提高(z = 2.832, p = 0.005, r = 0.71;Z = 2.91, p = 0.004, r = 0.71;z = - 2.34, p = 0.019, r = - 0.57)，随访时家长RPT-CP评分显著高于干预后(z = 2.333, p = 0.02, r = 0.58)。结论:干预后父母的社交技能得到了有效的提高，父母的压力在随访中有所下降。
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Parent-Child Social Skills Training Program for Children with Developmental Disorders: A quasi-experimental design","authors":"Kimiko Shibata, H. Nishikata, Sayoko Kawabata, H. Miyadera, Yohei Kuriki","doi":"10.11596/ASIAJOT.17.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/ASIAJOT.17.37","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study explored the effectiveness of a new parent-child social skills training program addressing social skills and parenting stress among children with developmental disabilities and their parents. Methods: Participants were 15 children (14 boys, 1 girl; 7–9 years old) with diagnoses related to developmental disability and a Full Scale IQ ≥ 70 and 17 parents (2 fathers, 15 mothers; 34–51 years old). Each session of this program lasted 110 minutes and occurred every 1–3 weeks for about 2 months. Social skills were measured by self-evaluation (Social Skills Scale for Elementary School Children, Social Skills Self-Rating Scale for Adults: SS-A), information provider’s evaluation (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition, Japanese version: VABS-II), and practitioner’s evaluation (Role-Play Test for Children and Parents: RPT-CP), and parenting stress was measured with the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) before, immediately after, and at a 3-month follow-up after intervention. Results: VABS-II scores were significantly lower after the intervention (z = −2.58, p = .011, r = −.65). Children’s RPTCP scores also improved (z = 1.705, p = .08). The scores on SS-A, parents’ RPT-CP, and PSI improved significantly at follow-up (z = 2.832, p = .005, r = .71; z = 2.91, p = .004, r = .71; z = −2.34, p = .019, r = −.57), and parents’ RPT-CP scores were significantly higher at follow-up than post-intervention (z = 2.333, p = .02, r = .58). Conclusions: This program effectively improved parents’ social skills after the intervention, and parenting stress decreased at follow-up.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Purpose: This study determined the relationship between having an emotional peer support network (i.e. people experiencing similar mental health difficulties) and aspects of subjective recovery in people with mental illness. Methods: In total, 37 participants with mental illness living in the community were divided into high/low emotional peer support groups using the Emotional Support Network Scale. Subjective recovery was evaluated using the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS). Total and individual factor scores of subjective recovery between the two groups were compared with an unpaired t-test, and effect size were calculated. Results: Participants were categorized into high ( n = 18) and low ( n = 19) emotional support (ES) network groups. For demographic and clinical characteristics and the total score of RAS, the groups had no significant differences. However, high ES was significantly higher in “no domination by symptoms” and “willingness to ask for help”, showed medium effect size. Discussion: People with high levels of emotional peer support felt less affected by symptoms and were more willing to ask for help, which affected their recovery. This result reflects elements of peer support, like using experiential knowl edge and recovery role models. In occupational therapy, emotional support among clients through group therapy and environmental adjustment is critical for recovery.
{"title":"Relationship between Emotional Peer Support Networks and Subjective Recovery of People with Mental Illness Living in the Community","authors":"Kazuki Yokoyama, Shigeya Yabe, Takafumi Morimoto, Nozomu Ikeda","doi":"10.11596/ASIAJOT.17.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/ASIAJOT.17.53","url":null,"abstract":": Purpose: This study determined the relationship between having an emotional peer support network (i.e. people experiencing similar mental health difficulties) and aspects of subjective recovery in people with mental illness. Methods: In total, 37 participants with mental illness living in the community were divided into high/low emotional peer support groups using the Emotional Support Network Scale. Subjective recovery was evaluated using the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS). Total and individual factor scores of subjective recovery between the two groups were compared with an unpaired t-test, and effect size were calculated. Results: Participants were categorized into high ( n = 18) and low ( n = 19) emotional support (ES) network groups. For demographic and clinical characteristics and the total score of RAS, the groups had no significant differences. However, high ES was significantly higher in “no domination by symptoms” and “willingness to ask for help”, showed medium effect size. Discussion: People with high levels of emotional peer support felt less affected by symptoms and were more willing to ask for help, which affected their recovery. This result reflects elements of peer support, like using experiential knowl edge and recovery role models. In occupational therapy, emotional support among clients through group therapy and environmental adjustment is critical for recovery.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masato Sato, Y. Mikami, Yoji Asakura, Kiya Katayama, F. Tajima
: Introduction: Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present with problems related to eating behaviors, including unbalanced diet, attention disruption, and poor tool manipulation. These problems are attributed to the widespread sensory processing abnormalities associated with ASD. Therefore, it is important to consider interventions and support for eating behaviors in patients with ASD that address these sensory processing problems. However, to date, no studies have investigated interventions to aid eating behaviors in this population. Here, we describe an action-based intervention to promote food ingestion in a young adult with ASD. Methods: An A-B method with a single-system research design was implemented, with three main outcome measures: goal attainment scaling (GAS), time required to eat, and functional independence measure (FIM). Following baseline measures, the intervention was based on changes in eating actions and consisted of two phases. In Phase I, the eating environment was adjusted. Phase II supported the manipulation of eating tools in addition to environmental adjust-ments. Results: The eating action changed from needing complete assistance with eating to her own manipulation of eating tools and the ability to ingest food orally. The time needed for eating was reduced, while the GAS and FIM scores both improved. Conclusion: The organization of the environment promoted eating, while the manipulation of eating tools promoted the flow of actions. When a person with ASD has eating difficulties, it is suggested that manipulating the eating tools may be useful to promote oral ingestion in addition to environmental adjustments.
{"title":"An Intervention to Overcome Eating Difficulties in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder -A Case Study","authors":"Masato Sato, Y. Mikami, Yoji Asakura, Kiya Katayama, F. Tajima","doi":"10.11596/asiajot.17.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/asiajot.17.65","url":null,"abstract":": Introduction: Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present with problems related to eating behaviors, including unbalanced diet, attention disruption, and poor tool manipulation. These problems are attributed to the widespread sensory processing abnormalities associated with ASD. Therefore, it is important to consider interventions and support for eating behaviors in patients with ASD that address these sensory processing problems. However, to date, no studies have investigated interventions to aid eating behaviors in this population. Here, we describe an action-based intervention to promote food ingestion in a young adult with ASD. Methods: An A-B method with a single-system research design was implemented, with three main outcome measures: goal attainment scaling (GAS), time required to eat, and functional independence measure (FIM). Following baseline measures, the intervention was based on changes in eating actions and consisted of two phases. In Phase I, the eating environment was adjusted. Phase II supported the manipulation of eating tools in addition to environmental adjust-ments. Results: The eating action changed from needing complete assistance with eating to her own manipulation of eating tools and the ability to ingest food orally. The time needed for eating was reduced, while the GAS and FIM scores both improved. Conclusion: The organization of the environment promoted eating, while the manipulation of eating tools promoted the flow of actions. When a person with ASD has eating difficulties, it is suggested that manipulating the eating tools may be useful to promote oral ingestion in addition to environmental adjustments.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64521919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status and challenges related to social participation faced by people with intellectual disabilities living in rural areas in the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 professionals, including nurses of public health center, social workers of nonprofit facility for persons with disabilities, and teachers of public and private special needs schools. The study was approved by the Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University. The results indicated five categories and 21 subcategories. The five categories are: Current status of social participation of people with intellectual disabilities in rural areas; Interventions performed by rural professionals for people with intellectual disabilities; Improved activities of people with intellectual disabilities owing to study participants’ interventions; Recognition of hindrances to promote social participation; Recognition of the ideal social participation for people with intellectual disabilities. Based on the current conditions, there were challenges in leisure activities and employment, especially for adults with intellectual disabilities. Our findings suggest it is important for Philippine occupational therapists and those working in international organizations to conduct occupation analysis for understanding the backgrounds, strengths, limitations, concerns, and goals for their leisure activities and employment. In addition, occupational therapists can contribute not only to providing individual support but also to the development of community supporters.
{"title":"Social Participation of People with Intellectual Disabilities in Rural Areas of the Philippines","authors":"A. Teramura, Kosuke Hamada, S. Yamamoto","doi":"10.11596/asiajot.17.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11596/asiajot.17.83","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status and challenges related to social participation faced by people with intellectual disabilities living in rural areas in the Philippines. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 professionals, including nurses of public health center, social workers of nonprofit facility for persons with disabilities, and teachers of public and private special needs schools. The study was approved by the Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University. The results indicated five categories and 21 subcategories. The five categories are: Current status of social participation of people with intellectual disabilities in rural areas; Interventions performed by rural professionals for people with intellectual disabilities; Improved activities of people with intellectual disabilities owing to study participants’ interventions; Recognition of hindrances to promote social participation; Recognition of the ideal social participation for people with intellectual disabilities. Based on the current conditions, there were challenges in leisure activities and employment, especially for adults with intellectual disabilities. Our findings suggest it is important for Philippine occupational therapists and those working in international organizations to conduct occupation analysis for understanding the backgrounds, strengths, limitations, concerns, and goals for their leisure activities and employment. In addition, occupational therapists can contribute not only to providing individual support but also to the development of community supporters.","PeriodicalId":91842,"journal":{"name":"Asian journal of occupational therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64522116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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