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2015 IEEE Signal Processing and Signal Processing Education Workshop (SP/SPE)最新文献

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Compensating for oversampling effects in polyphase channelizers: A radio astronomy application 多相信道器中过采样效应的补偿:射电天文学应用
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369562
J. Tuthill, G. Hampson, J. Bunton, F. Harris, A. Brown, R. Ferris, T. Bateman
In order to maximize science returns in radio astronomy there is a constant drive to process ever wider instantaneous bandwidths. A key function of a radio telescope signal processing system is to divide a wide input bandwidth into a number of narrow sub-bands for further processing and analysis. The polyphase filter-bank channelizer has become the primary technique for performing this function due to its flexibility and suitability for very efficient implementation in FPGA hardware. Furthermore, oversampling polyphase filter-banks are gaining popularity in this role due to their ability to reduce spectral image components in each sub-band to very low levels for a given prototype filter response. A characteristic of the oversampling operation in a polyphase filterbank, however, is that the resulting sub-band outputs are in general no longer band centered on DC (as is the case for a maximally decimated filterbank) but are shifted by an amount that depends on the index of the sub-band. In this paper we present the structure of the oversampled polyphase filterbank used for the new Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope and describe a technique used to correct for the sub-band frequency shift brought about by oversampling.
为了使射电天文学的科学回报最大化,不断有一种动力来处理更宽的瞬时带宽。射电望远镜信号处理系统的一个关键功能是将一个较宽的输入带宽分成若干个较窄的子频带进行进一步的处理和分析。多相滤波器组信道化由于其在FPGA硬件上的灵活性和适用性而成为实现该功能的主要技术。此外,过采样多相滤波器组在这一角色中越来越受欢迎,因为它们能够将每个子带中的光谱图像分量降低到非常低的水平,以满足给定的原型滤波器响应。然而,多相滤波器组中过采样操作的一个特征是,所产生的子带输出通常不再以直流为中心(就像最大抽取滤波器组的情况一样),而是以依赖于子带索引的量移位。本文介绍了用于新型澳大利亚平方公里阵列探路者(ASKAP)射电望远镜的过采样多相滤波器组的结构,并描述了一种用于校正过采样带来的子带频移的技术。
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引用次数: 9
An inquiry-based acoustic signal processing lab module for introducing digital communications 介绍数字通信的探究式声信号处理实验模块
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369530
A. G. Klein
We study the use of an inquiry-based lab to introduce communication systems to undergraduate electrical engineering students with prior knowledge in signals and systems. The students are not provided with an explicit list of procedures to follow, but are prompted to design and build a complete end-to-end wireless acoustic digital transceiver on their own, using inexpensive off-the-shelf components, before they have had any exposure to analog or digital radio concepts. Qualitative evaluation suggests this process of discovery, problem solving, and experimentation provides context to students when theoretical and abstract communication systems concepts are subsequently introduced in lecture. Survey results are provided which suggest this open-ended, hands-on approach is an effective teaching and learning technique for introducing communication systems, and several possible extensions of this approach are discussed.
我们研究使用探究式实验室向具有信号和系统知识的电气工程本科学生介绍通信系统。学生没有提供一个明确的程序列表遵循,但提示设计和建立一个完整的端到端无线声学数字收发器自己,使用廉价的现成的组件,在他们有任何接触模拟或数字无线电的概念。定性评价表明,这个发现、解决问题和实验的过程为学生随后在课堂上介绍理论和抽象的通信系统概念提供了背景。提供的调查结果表明,这种开放式的、实际操作的方法是引入通信系统的一种有效的教学技术,并讨论了这种方法的几种可能的扩展。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of randomized robust PCA for high dimensional data 高维数据的随机稳健主成分分析
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369522
M. Rahmani, George K. Atia
Robust Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (or robust subspace recovery) is a particularly important problem in unsupervised learning pertaining to a broad range of applications. In this paper, we analyze a randomized robust subspace recovery algorithm to show that its complexity is independent of the size of the data matrix. Exploiting the intrinsic low-dimensional geometry of the low rank matrix, the big data matrix is first turned to smaller size compressed data. This is accomplished by selecting a small random subset of the columns of the given data matrix, which is then projected into a random low-dimensional subspace. In the next step, a convex robust PCA algorithm is applied to the compressed data to learn the columns subspace of the low rank matrix. We derive new sufficient conditions, which show that the number of linear observations and the complexity of the randomized algorithm do not depend on the size of the given data.
鲁棒主成分分析(PCA)(或鲁棒子空间恢复)是无监督学习中一个特别重要的问题,具有广泛的应用。本文分析了一种随机鲁棒子空间恢复算法,证明了其复杂度与数据矩阵的大小无关。利用低秩矩阵固有的低维几何特性,首先将大数据矩阵转化为较小尺寸的压缩数据。这是通过选择给定数据矩阵列的一个小的随机子集来实现的,然后将其投影到一个随机的低维子空间中。接下来,对压缩后的数据采用凸鲁棒PCA算法学习低秩矩阵的列子空间。我们得到了新的充分条件,证明了线性观测的数量和随机化算法的复杂度不依赖于给定数据的大小。
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引用次数: 5
Cancelling non-linear processing products due to strong out-of-band interference in radio astronomical arrays 消除射电天文阵列中强带外干扰的非线性处理产物
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369565
Yifeng Wu, R. Black, B. Jeffs, K. Warnick
Radio astronomy instrumentation uses phased array feeds to provide radio telescopes with wider fields of view and enhanced beam control for detection and interference suppression. The standard assumption in Radio Astronomy is that receiver amplifiers operate in a linear region. In the presence of strong radio-frequency interference (RFI), however, it is possible to drive the amplifiers non-linear. This can cause out-of-band RFI to become non-linear and mix harmonics into the filter passband. In this scenario, classical RFI-mitigating beamformers may not be very good at suppressing the interference. This paper analyzes the effect of several beamformers in suppressing interference resulting from non-linear amplifiers. Experimental results show that a subspace projection beamformer is able to suppress the interference despite the nonlinear RFI.
射电天文仪器使用相控阵馈源为射电望远镜提供更广阔的视野和增强的光束控制,以进行探测和干扰抑制。射电天文学的标准假设是接收机放大器在线性区域内工作。然而,在存在强射频干扰(RFI)的情况下,可以非线性地驱动放大器。这可能导致带外RFI变为非线性并将谐波混合到滤波器通带中。在这种情况下,传统的rfi缓解波束形成器可能无法很好地抑制干扰。分析了几种波束形成器在抑制非线性放大器干扰方面的效果。实验结果表明,子空间投影波束形成器能够抑制非线性RFI干扰。
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引用次数: 1
Signal processing techniques for enhancing multispectral images of ancient documents 古代文献多光谱图像增强的信号处理技术
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369581
Trace A. Griffiths, G. Ware, T. Moon
Digital multispectral imaging (MSI) has been widely adopted to aid in the study of ancient artefacts including paintings and documents. MSI is able to capture views of the subject at multiple narrowband wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet through the infrared. Stacking the imagery data in three dimensions creates a large image data cube which can be processed using statistical signal and image processing techniques. This paper is a brief review of how signal processing can aid in reducing three general problem areas that may be present in MSI data sets of ancient documents, namely: image fusion, ink identification, and bleed-through removal.
数字多光谱成像(MSI)已被广泛应用于古代文物的研究,包括绘画和文献。MSI能够在从紫外线到红外线的多个窄带波长范围内捕获主题的视图。将图像数据在三维空间中堆叠形成一个大的图像数据立方体,可以使用统计信号和图像处理技术对其进行处理。本文简要回顾了信号处理如何帮助减少古代文件的MSI数据集中可能存在的三个一般问题领域,即:图像融合,墨水识别和渗滤去除。
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引用次数: 0
Generating Laplace process with desired autocorrelation from Gaussian AR processes 从高斯AR过程生成具有期望自相关的拉普拉斯过程
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369537
T. Ghirmai
In this paper, we show a convenient way of generating a Laplace process of a desired autocorrelation. Our approach is based upon the fact that the real or imaginary component of the product of two independent complex Gaussian random variables has a Laplace marginal probability density function (pdf). We, therefore, generate a Laplace process by multiplying two independent complex Gaussian autoregressive (AR) processes. By establishing the relationship of the autocorrelation of the complex Gaussian AR processes with the autocorrelation of the resulting Laplace process, we show a convenient and simple method of selecting the parameters of the Gaussian AR processes to obtain desired autocorrelation values of the Laplace Process. To verify the method, we provide computer simulations of generating Laplace processes by the method using illustrative examples and compare their statistical characteristics to theoretical values.
本文给出了一种生成期望自相关的拉普拉斯过程的简便方法。我们的方法是基于这样一个事实,即两个独立的复高斯随机变量的乘积的实分量或虚分量具有拉普拉斯边际概率密度函数(pdf)。因此,我们通过将两个独立的复高斯自回归(AR)过程相乘来生成一个拉普拉斯过程。通过建立复高斯AR过程的自相关与得到的拉普拉斯过程的自相关之间的关系,给出了一种方便、简单的方法来选择高斯AR过程的参数以获得期望的拉普拉斯过程的自相关值。为了验证该方法,我们使用说明性示例提供了用该方法生成拉普拉斯过程的计算机模拟,并将其统计特性与理论值进行了比较。
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引用次数: 2
The Cross-Ambiguity Function for emitter location and radar - practical issues for time discretization 辐射源定位与雷达的交叉模糊函数——时间离散的实际问题
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369560
J. Schatzman
The difference between continuous time and discrete time Cross-Ambiguity Functions can be significant. Both narrow band and wide band CAFs can be computed exactly with discretization, but the usual implementation of the narrow band CAF introduces an error which increases with FDOA. The error is largest for signal modulations with non- symmetric CAF plane signatures and for large FDOA values. The wide band CAF is unaffected by this deficiency whether or not a variable delay/variable rate filter is employed. Simple and relatively low cost post-processing can largely correct the discretization error for the narrow band CAF.
连续时间和离散时间交叉模糊函数之间的差异可能是显著的。窄带和宽带CAF都可以通过离散化精确计算,但通常窄带CAF的实现会引入误差,且误差随着FDOA的增大而增大。对于具有非对称CAF平面特征和较大FDOA值的信号调制,误差最大。无论是否采用可变延迟/可变速率滤波器,宽带CAF都不受此缺陷的影响。简单且成本相对较低的后处理可以在很大程度上纠正窄带CAF的离散化误差。
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引用次数: 3
A practical strategy for spectral library partitioning and least-squares identification 一种实用的谱库划分和最小二乘识别策略
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369583
Shawn Higbee
This paper proposes a method of partitioning large data libraries into smaller sub-partitions, in such a way that a least-squares-based identification process will be numerically better behaved. An example from a well-known remote sensing spectral library is used to illustrate various seed strategies for the partitioning as well as various assignment strategies. In the example shown seed strategy is relatively unimportant for a library of this size, but there is a substantial improvement in least-squares performance with SVD-based partitioning for both point and interval estimates. Several context-dependent variants of this strategy are also proposed.
本文提出了一种将大型数据库划分为更小的子分区的方法,这种方法使基于最小二乘的识别过程在数值上表现得更好。以某知名遥感光谱库为例,说明了划分的各种种子策略和分配策略。在示例中,对于这种大小的库,种子策略相对不重要,但是对于点和区间估计,使用基于svd的分区可以显著提高最小二乘性能。还提出了该策略的几个上下文相关变体。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic model generation for application of compressed sensing to cryo-electron tomography reconstruction 压缩感知在低温电子层析成像重建中的动态模型生成
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369557
S. Wood, E. Fontenla, Christopher A. Metzler, W. Chiu, Richard Baraniuk
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), which produces three dimensional images at molecular resolution, is one of many applications that requires image reconstruction from projection measurements acquired with irregular measurement geometry. Although Fourier transform based reconstruction methods have been widely and successfully used in medical imaging for over 25 years, assumptions of regular measurement geometry and a band limited source cause direction sensitive artifacts when applied to cryo-ET. Iterative space domain methods such as compressed sensing could be applied to this severely underdetermined system with a limited range of projection angles and projection length, but progress has been hindered by the computational and storage requirements of the very large projection matrix of observation partials. In this paper we derive a method of dynamically computing the elements of the projection matrix accurately for continuous basis functions of limited extent with arbitrary beam width. Storage requirements are reduced by a factor of order 107 and there is no access overhead. This approach for limited angle and limited view measurement geometries is posed to enable dramatically improved reconstruction performance and is easily adapted to parallel computing architectures.
低温电子断层扫描(cryo-ET)可以产生分子分辨率的三维图像,是许多需要从不规则测量几何形状的投影测量中获得图像重建的应用之一。尽管基于傅里叶变换的重建方法已经在医学成像中广泛而成功地应用了超过25年,但常规测量几何形状和带限制源的假设在应用于冷冻et时会导致方向敏感伪影。压缩感知等迭代空间域方法可以应用于这种投影角度和投影长度范围有限的严重欠定系统,但观测部分的超大投影矩阵的计算和存储要求阻碍了进展。本文给出了一种精确动态计算任意波束宽度有限范围连续基函数投影矩阵元素的方法。存储需求减少了107倍,并且没有访问开销。该方法适用于有限角度和有限视角测量几何图形,可显著提高重建性能,并易于适应并行计算架构。
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引用次数: 1
An introductory signal processing course offered across the curriculum 一门信号处理入门课程
Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/DSP-SPE.2015.7369527
A. Spanias
Signal processing algorithms and DSP chips are embedded nearly in every application that involves natural signal or data analysis and/or synthesis. Applications of digital signal processing (DSP) in engineering include electrical, mechanical, chemical, industrial and biomedical systems. Applications in other areas include entertainment, financial, health, computing, manufacturing, to name a few. At ASU we developed an elective course for an undergraduate program called Digital Culture that includes gaming, smart stages, computer music, visualization and other applications. We have offered the course online to arts majors in 2013. We begun adding multidisciplinary application content to this course and offered it again in 2015 as a hybrid online course with compulsory weekly on-campus sessions. Arrangements are being made to include it as an elective course in information management systems, computer informatics, mechanical engineering, and biomedical informatics. The course now includes several introductory topics in signal processing covered mostly at a qualitative and block diagram level; we added several simulations in MATLAB and in Java-DSP. The course covers basics of DSP starting from time and frequency domain analysis and sampling. It then covers digital FIR ad IIR filters and the FFT. About one third of the course covers applications which introduce qualitative descriptions of some advanced topics. For example, linear prediction and coding of speech are described at the block diagram level with MATLAB and Java simulations. Extensions to 2-D signal processing are covered as well with the focus on JPEG and MPEG applications. The syllabus, simulations and preliminary assessments of this course are presented in the paper.
信号处理算法和DSP芯片几乎嵌入到涉及自然信号或数据分析和/或合成的每个应用程序中。数字信号处理(DSP)在工程中的应用包括电气、机械、化学、工业和生物医学系统。在其他领域的应用包括娱乐、金融、健康、计算、制造等等。在亚利桑那州立大学,我们为本科生开设了一门名为“数字文化”的选修课,其中包括游戏、智能舞台、电脑音乐、可视化和其他应用。我们在2013年为艺术专业的学生开设了在线课程。我们开始在这门课程中加入多学科的应用内容,并在2015年再次以混合在线课程的形式提供这门课程,每周都有必修的校园课程。正在作出安排,将其作为信息管理系统、计算机信息学、机械工程和生物医学信息学的选修课。本课程现在包括几个信号处理的介绍性主题,主要覆盖在定性和框图层面;我们在MATLAB和Java-DSP中增加了几个仿真。本课程涵盖了DSP的基础知识,从时域和频域分析和采样开始。然后涵盖数字FIR和IIR滤波器和FFT。大约三分之一的课程涵盖了引入一些高级主题的定性描述的应用。例如,通过MATLAB和Java仿真,在框图级描述了语音的线性预测和编码。扩展到二维信号处理也涵盖了重点在JPEG和MPEG应用程序。本文介绍了本课程的教学大纲、模拟和初步评估。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2015 IEEE Signal Processing and Signal Processing Education Workshop (SP/SPE)
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