Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.307.319
Anup K. Gupta, B. Paul
Mine reclamation, ecorestoration and rehabilitation are some of the key techniques applied for the betterment of the mining area. Various types of mine waste are generated in mining (coal and other minerals exploration). These mine waste are probably dumped on the same site due to lack of any proper waste management system that will affects the environment vigorously. Ground pollution due to leaching of heavy metals, surface water pollution due to drainage of polluted water, air pollution due to simultaneous combustion of mine wastes are some of the important environmental problems in mining sites. Coal mining wastes in form of waste rock or Over Burden (OB) material produced from coal mining is traditionally dumped over the valuable lands India and worldwide. These OB dump pollutes the air, soil, water and landscape by dust, leachate and self-ignition due to lack of suitable ecorestoration practices. However, the impact of different disposal and treatment of coal mining wastes on environment and farmland has not been probed in detail. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals is another threat to the nearby living biota, it may be lethal too. Bioremediation, phytoremediation are some other valuable the techniques, which is frequently applied to various mine sites and shown positive outcome. In some instances poor mineral condition of this waste is not suitable for such type of waste management. Reutilization and reduction of these mine waste is important in this concern. Utilization of mine OB in mine backfilling might be good enough to reduce the volume of this waste.
{"title":"Ecorestoration of Coal Mine Overburden Dump to Prevent Environmental Degradation: A Review","authors":"Anup K. Gupta, B. Paul","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.307.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.307.319","url":null,"abstract":"Mine reclamation, ecorestoration and rehabilitation are some of the key techniques applied for the betterment of the mining area. Various types of mine waste are generated in mining (coal and other minerals exploration). These mine waste are probably dumped on the same site due to lack of any proper waste management system that will affects the environment vigorously. Ground pollution due to leaching of heavy metals, surface water pollution due to drainage of polluted water, air pollution due to simultaneous combustion of mine wastes are some of the important environmental problems in mining sites. Coal mining wastes in form of waste rock or Over Burden (OB) material produced from coal mining is traditionally dumped over the valuable lands India and worldwide. These OB dump pollutes the air, soil, water and landscape by dust, leachate and self-ignition due to lack of suitable ecorestoration practices. However, the impact of different disposal and treatment of coal mining wastes on environment and farmland has not been probed in detail. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals is another threat to the nearby living biota, it may be lethal too. Bioremediation, phytoremediation are some other valuable the techniques, which is frequently applied to various mine sites and shown positive outcome. In some instances poor mineral condition of this waste is not suitable for such type of waste management. Reutilization and reduction of these mine waste is important in this concern. Utilization of mine OB in mine backfilling might be good enough to reduce the volume of this waste.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77659923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.320.331
H. Rahmani, K. Rahmani, A. Rahmani, M. Zare
Degradation of dexamethasone (DEX) was investigated using nano-scaled Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound (US). The experiments were performed in different variables such as pH, nZVI dose, H2O2 concentration, DEX concentration and ultrasonic frequency. Maximum removal (92%) was obtained at pH: 4, nZVI: 0.3 g LG1, H2O2: 1.5 mmol, DEX: 15 mg LG1 and US: 140 kHz. The pH was one of the most important factor influencing the process, also, determining the optimal dose of hydrogen peroxide had to be considered. In this study, degradation reaction kinetics of DEX and efficiency of the removal of COD were investigated in synthetic and actual wastewater.
{"title":"Removal of Dexamethasone from Aqueous Solutions using Sono-Nanocatalysis Process","authors":"H. Rahmani, K. Rahmani, A. Rahmani, M. Zare","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.320.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.320.331","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation of dexamethasone (DEX) was investigated using nano-scaled Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound (US). The experiments were performed in different variables such as pH, nZVI dose, H2O2 concentration, DEX concentration and ultrasonic frequency. Maximum removal (92%) was obtained at pH: 4, nZVI: 0.3 g LG1, H2O2: 1.5 mmol, DEX: 15 mg LG1 and US: 140 kHz. The pH was one of the most important factor influencing the process, also, determining the optimal dose of hydrogen peroxide had to be considered. In this study, degradation reaction kinetics of DEX and efficiency of the removal of COD were investigated in synthetic and actual wastewater.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75974058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.349.354
S. Salimi
Drought is one of the limiting factors for better and higher yield of plants. New variety selection is difficult due to the complex mechanism of drought resistance. Soybean is an important legume crop, known for its high quality protein and oil content, which selecting the varieties resistant to drought stress will increase the number of green seedlings and yield. For this purpose, the plants were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications as a factorial with two factors of drought stress and genotype. The genotype factor had 3 levels (Hamilton, M7 and L17) and the drought stress factor had 4 levels (0, -3, -6 and -9 bar). The experiment was done in Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Guilan University in 2009 and traits were measured too. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for percent of germination. The different levels of drought stress showed significant differences for all studied traits. Genotype×drought interactions were significant for traits germination rate, shoot height and root height. At all levels of drought stress, growth parameters were reduced and the decreasing trend was observed in them but this reduction in the cultivars and traits were different. Out of these three genotypes, M7 genotype showed better response to drought stress in the germination stage and germination index had higher values than the other two genotypes. Here, the sensitive cultivars of all germination indexes were Hamilton. Also, results showed that there is a probability of drought conditions in the germination stage and non use of the stress-sensitive seeds is better and also Seeding quality in stress conditions must be considered.
{"title":"Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes (Glycin Max L) to Drought Tolerance at Germination Stage","authors":"S. Salimi","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.349.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.349.354","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the limiting factors for better and higher yield of plants. New variety selection is difficult due to the complex mechanism of drought resistance. Soybean is an important legume crop, known for its high quality protein and oil content, which selecting the varieties resistant to drought stress will increase the number of green seedlings and yield. For this purpose, the plants were grown in a completely randomized design with three replications as a factorial with two factors of drought stress and genotype. The genotype factor had 3 levels (Hamilton, M7 and L17) and the drought stress factor had 4 levels (0, -3, -6 and -9 bar). The experiment was done in Laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Guilan University in 2009 and traits were measured too. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes for percent of germination. The different levels of drought stress showed significant differences for all studied traits. Genotype×drought interactions were significant for traits germination rate, shoot height and root height. At all levels of drought stress, growth parameters were reduced and the decreasing trend was observed in them but this reduction in the cultivars and traits were different. Out of these three genotypes, M7 genotype showed better response to drought stress in the germination stage and germination index had higher values than the other two genotypes. Here, the sensitive cultivars of all germination indexes were Hamilton. Also, results showed that there is a probability of drought conditions in the germination stage and non use of the stress-sensitive seeds is better and also Seeding quality in stress conditions must be considered.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84266453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.342.348
M. Sadi, S. Saeedipour
Experiment was conducted in 2013 to evaluate various herbicide treatment regimes for POST yellow nutsedge control. Evaluated herbicides included metsulfuron-methyl+sulfosulfuron, Oxadiazon, Clothedim, Sicloxidim, Nicosulfuron+Rimsulfuron and untreated check. Evaluated treatments did not cause objectionable bermudagrass injury at any time. The highest and the lowest dry weight of turfgrass was achieved in Oxadiazon (211 g mG2) and untreated plots (130 g mG2), respectively. The results of this study indicate that satisfactory control of yellow nutsedge (>90%) obtained by post-emergence application of oxadiazon, clothedim or sicloxidim at the first time and repeat applications will not be required. Further, our results indicate that efforts to enhance yellow nutsedge control with metsulfuron-methyl+sulfosulfuron and nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron timings and repeat applications were inconsistent. These data confirm that the lower bermudagrass phytotoxicity was achieved with the sicloxidim treatment.
2013年通过试验，评价了不同除草剂处理方案对后黄芩的防治效果。评价除草剂包括甲磺隆-甲基+磺磺隆、恶二唑、Clothedim、Sicloxidim、nico磺隆+ rim磺隆和未经处理的检查。评估的处理在任何时候都没有造成令人反感的百慕大草损伤。草皮干重以恶二唑处理(211 g mG2)和未处理(130 g mG2)的草皮干重最高和最低。本研究结果表明，萌发后第一次施用恶二唑、clothedim或sicloxidim，可获得满意的防治效果(>90%)，不需要重复施用。此外，我们的研究结果表明，甲磺隆-甲基+磺胺磺隆和尼科磺隆+利姆磺隆的施用时间和重复施用效果不一致。这些数据证实，在西氯西汀处理下，百慕大草的植物毒性较低。
{"title":"Sequential Postemergence Applications for the Control of Yellow Nutsedge in Bermudagrass Turf","authors":"M. Sadi, S. Saeedipour","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.342.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.342.348","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment was conducted in 2013 to evaluate various herbicide treatment regimes for POST yellow nutsedge control. Evaluated herbicides included metsulfuron-methyl+sulfosulfuron, Oxadiazon, Clothedim, Sicloxidim, Nicosulfuron+Rimsulfuron and untreated check. Evaluated treatments did not cause objectionable bermudagrass injury at any time. The highest and the lowest dry weight of turfgrass was achieved in Oxadiazon (211 g mG2) and untreated plots (130 g mG2), respectively. The results of this study indicate that satisfactory control of yellow nutsedge (>90%) obtained by post-emergence application of oxadiazon, clothedim or sicloxidim at the first time and repeat applications will not be required. Further, our results indicate that efforts to enhance yellow nutsedge control with metsulfuron-methyl+sulfosulfuron and nicosulfuron+rimsulfuron timings and repeat applications were inconsistent. These data confirm that the lower bermudagrass phytotoxicity was achieved with the sicloxidim treatment.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76761442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.302.306
A. S. Sardoei, Mojghan Shahdadneg
Zinnia elegans, an annual flowering plant of the genus Zinnia, is one of the best known zinnias. Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different growing media on the growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans. Seven different growth media including coconut compost, silt, soil loam, leaf manure, (leaf manure+silt; 2:1), (coconut compost+soil loam; 1:1) and (leaf manure+soil loam+silt; 1:1:1) were used for growing Zinnia. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) giving equal importance to treatments. Number of flowers, length of lateral branches, number of lateral branches, stem diameter, plant height (cm), diameter of flower, vase life (day) and fresh and dry root, shoot and total were determined. The present study confirms the fact that selection of the appropriate medium of growth for potted flowering plants in this case Zinnia elegans was very important from aesthetic and marketing point of view. The medium must ensure the production of plants of the required quality on cost effective basis. In the present study, leaf manure produced significantly the maximum vase life and diameter of flower while the maximum vase life and diameter of flower was obtained with mix (coconut compost+soil loam; 1:1).
{"title":"Effect of Different Growing Media on the Growth and Development of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) under the Agro-Climatic Condition of Jiroft","authors":"A. S. Sardoei, Mojghan Shahdadneg","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.302.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.302.306","url":null,"abstract":"Zinnia elegans, an annual flowering plant of the genus Zinnia, is one of the best known zinnias. Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different growing media on the growth and flowering of Zinnia elegans. Seven different growth media including coconut compost, silt, soil loam, leaf manure, (leaf manure+silt; 2:1), (coconut compost+soil loam; 1:1) and (leaf manure+soil loam+silt; 1:1:1) were used for growing Zinnia. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) giving equal importance to treatments. Number of flowers, length of lateral branches, number of lateral branches, stem diameter, plant height (cm), diameter of flower, vase life (day) and fresh and dry root, shoot and total were determined. The present study confirms the fact that selection of the appropriate medium of growth for potted flowering plants in this case Zinnia elegans was very important from aesthetic and marketing point of view. The medium must ensure the production of plants of the required quality on cost effective basis. In the present study, leaf manure produced significantly the maximum vase life and diameter of flower while the maximum vase life and diameter of flower was obtained with mix (coconut compost+soil loam; 1:1).","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80977343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.296.301
M. Modarresi, Mohammad Ali Nikpey, Mehdi Mikpey
{"title":"Assessing the impact of climate variability on rice phenology.","authors":"M. Modarresi, Mohammad Ali Nikpey, Mehdi Mikpey","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.296.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.296.301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72595768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.270.279
Anthony Cemaluk C. Egbuonu, Daniel C. Nkwazema, L. Ezeanyika
The health concerns about working in a petroleum depot without wearing a Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) warranted this study. The anthropometric, lipid profile and blood pressure status were assessed by standard methods in asymptomatic adult male depot workers (n = 64) and male university students (n = 64), in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria. The concentration (mmol LG1) of total cholesterol (5.21±0.90), triacylglycerol (1.23±0.20) and very low density lipoprotein (0.56±0.19) respectively in the serum of the depot workers were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the control (5.09±0.04, 1.15±0.04 and 0.52±0.09). The body weight (73.75±0.11 kg), height (1.72±0.1 m) and body mass index, BMI, (24.58±0.73 kg mG2) of the depot workers were higher (p>0.05) than that of the control. The Blood Pressure (BP) of the exposed group (120/90±1.38 mmHg) and the control (120/80±1.14 mmHg) differed only in the Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) by 10 mmHg and in the calculated systolic to diastolic blood pressure ratio (SBP:DBP) by 0.17. The study suggested cardiovascular risks and impaired lipid metabolism in the petroleum depot workers. The health implications of this study warrant a follow up perhaps, in a larger population and sample size. The study underscored the need for the petroleum depot workers to wear personal protective equipment and to assess their health status on a regular basis.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Risks and Impaired Lipid Metabolism in Asymptomatic Petroleum Depot Workers in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Anthony Cemaluk C. Egbuonu, Daniel C. Nkwazema, L. Ezeanyika","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.270.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.270.279","url":null,"abstract":"The health concerns about working in a petroleum depot without wearing a Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) warranted this study. The anthropometric, lipid profile and blood pressure status were assessed by standard methods in asymptomatic adult male depot workers (n = 64) and male university students (n = 64), in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria. The concentration (mmol LG1) of total cholesterol (5.21±0.90), triacylglycerol (1.23±0.20) and very low density lipoprotein (0.56±0.19) respectively in the serum of the depot workers were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the control (5.09±0.04, 1.15±0.04 and 0.52±0.09). The body weight (73.75±0.11 kg), height (1.72±0.1 m) and body mass index, BMI, (24.58±0.73 kg mG2) of the depot workers were higher (p>0.05) than that of the control. The Blood Pressure (BP) of the exposed group (120/90±1.38 mmHg) and the control (120/80±1.14 mmHg) differed only in the Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) by 10 mmHg and in the calculated systolic to diastolic blood pressure ratio (SBP:DBP) by 0.17. The study suggested cardiovascular risks and impaired lipid metabolism in the petroleum depot workers. The health implications of this study warrant a follow up perhaps, in a larger population and sample size. The study underscored the need for the petroleum depot workers to wear personal protective equipment and to assess their health status on a regular basis.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87771803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.3923/rjes.2015.280.288
S. Sadeghi, B. Shahmoradi, A. Maleki
The main gas arising from landfills is methane. The greenhouse effect of methane is 21 times more serious than that of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, this gas has a significant potential for producing energy, so that in cases of application of a suitable technology, a considerable energy from this gas could be extracted and used. One of the mathematical models used for estimation of the amount of methane potential in landfills is LANDGEM software, which was applied in the present research study. This was a descriptive-cross sectional study in which first, the data related to the amount of waste generated, population and landfill characteristics were collected. Then, Sanandaj (study area) population was estimated for different years of the study period with respect to selective growth coefficient. In the last phase, constant value of methane emission and methane production potential in Sanandaj landfill were specified using LANDGEM software. As a result, potential capacity for producing methane in Sanandaj landfill was estimated as 170 m3 tG1 and the amount of output methane during 2018, 2023, 2028 and 2033 is supposed to be 205, 410, 549 and 671 m3 hG1, respectively. Indeed, production speed continues with a lower gradient from 2033 onward. Therefore, the results of current research can be used in designing and measuring the capacity of methane extraction systems from this landfill and in evaluation of Iran’s contribution in global emission of greenhouse gases.
{"title":"Estimating Methane Gas Generation Rate from Sanandaj City Landfill Using LANDGEM Software","authors":"S. Sadeghi, B. Shahmoradi, A. Maleki","doi":"10.3923/rjes.2015.280.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2015.280.288","url":null,"abstract":"The main gas arising from landfills is methane. The greenhouse effect of methane is 21 times more serious than that of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, this gas has a significant potential for producing energy, so that in cases of application of a suitable technology, a considerable energy from this gas could be extracted and used. One of the mathematical models used for estimation of the amount of methane potential in landfills is LANDGEM software, which was applied in the present research study. This was a descriptive-cross sectional study in which first, the data related to the amount of waste generated, population and landfill characteristics were collected. Then, Sanandaj (study area) population was estimated for different years of the study period with respect to selective growth coefficient. In the last phase, constant value of methane emission and methane production potential in Sanandaj landfill were specified using LANDGEM software. As a result, potential capacity for producing methane in Sanandaj landfill was estimated as 170 m3 tG1 and the amount of output methane during 2018, 2023, 2028 and 2033 is supposed to be 205, 410, 549 and 671 m3 hG1, respectively. Indeed, production speed continues with a lower gradient from 2033 onward. Therefore, the results of current research can be used in designing and measuring the capacity of methane extraction systems from this landfill and in evaluation of Iran’s contribution in global emission of greenhouse gases.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77477073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.256.269
A. Al-Naeem
Groundwater salinity is an important limiting factor to sustainable irrigated agriculture in Saudi Arabia. The total groundwater salinity depends on the aquifer geology and its chemical characteristics. The main objective of this study was to monitor groundwater salinity for water resources management in irrigated areas of Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 117 water samples were collected from randomly selected small, medium and large agricultural farms from the whole region. The water samples were mainly analyzed for major cation and anions. The total groundwater salinity in less than 1000 mg LG1 in the whole region and falls in the category of medium to high salinity and medium to high sodicity water. Inter-ion relationship is very poor between major cations and anions. The EC and SAR relationship is very poor (R2 = 0.038). About 91% of groundwater is of sodium chloride type waters and the remaining 9% is that of sodium sulfate type water. The relationship between simple SAR and calculated SARs is very strong (R2 = 0.988 and 0.983). The results showed a replenishment of groundwater aquifer with the fresh water intrusion. In conclusion, to achieve higher water use efficiency, improvement water management practices such as application of leaching requirements, adoption of improved irrigation methods (drip and sub-surface irrigation) and proper crop selection need to be followed for increased agricultural production in the region.
{"title":"Monitoring of Groundwater Salinity for Water Resources Management in Irrigated Areas of Al-Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Al-Naeem","doi":"10.3923/RJES.2015.256.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/RJES.2015.256.269","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater salinity is an important limiting factor to sustainable irrigated agriculture in Saudi Arabia. The total groundwater salinity depends on the aquifer geology and its chemical characteristics. The main objective of this study was to monitor groundwater salinity for water resources management in irrigated areas of Al-Jouf Region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 117 water samples were collected from randomly selected small, medium and large agricultural farms from the whole region. The water samples were mainly analyzed for major cation and anions. The total groundwater salinity in less than 1000 mg LG1 in the whole region and falls in the category of medium to high salinity and medium to high sodicity water. Inter-ion relationship is very poor between major cations and anions. The EC and SAR relationship is very poor (R2 = 0.038). About 91% of groundwater is of sodium chloride type waters and the remaining 9% is that of sodium sulfate type water. The relationship between simple SAR and calculated SARs is very strong (R2 = 0.988 and 0.983). The results showed a replenishment of groundwater aquifer with the fresh water intrusion. In conclusion, to achieve higher water use efficiency, improvement water management practices such as application of leaching requirements, adoption of improved irrigation methods (drip and sub-surface irrigation) and proper crop selection need to be followed for increased agricultural production in the region.","PeriodicalId":92133,"journal":{"name":"Research journal of chemical and environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82216817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.3923/RJES.2015.289.295
Zeinab Aboali, S. Saeedipour
Weeds have always been considered strong competitors of crop plants; and today, they form an inseparable part of agronomic systems and inflict losses on crop plants. A field study was undertaken at Agronomy Research Farm, Islamic Azad University during 2011-12 to appraise the efficacy of some post spectrum herbicides against weed growth and their influence on growth and yield of broad bean. Treatment consisted of (1) Basagran SL 48% 1.5 L haG1+Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC 10.8% 0.6 L haG1, (2) Bentazon SL 48% 1.5 L haG1+Sethoxydim OEC 12.5% 1.5 L haG1, (3) Bentazon SL 48% 1.5 L haG1+Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl EC 12% 0.7 L haG1, (4) Imazthapyr SL 10% 0.6 L haG1 and (5) Imazthapyr SL 10% 0.4 applied POST, with two control plots weed-free and weed-infested throughout the crop cycle, respectively. The experiment was replicated forth in a randomized complete block design. Compared with the weedy check, application of herbicides reduced weed biomass and increased broad bean biological and seed yield. Among herbicide treatments, imazthapyr with dose of 0.6 L haG1 reduced weed dry matter by 98.7% and the lowest weed dry matter was observed with this treatment. Maximum broad bean biological yield was obtained in weed free check that was significantly different from other treatments. In comparison, among herbicide, maximum seed yield obtained with application of imazthapyr with dose of 0.6 L haG1, however, there was no statistical difference in seed yield among herbicide treatments.
杂草一直被认为是农作物的有力竞争者;如今，它们已成为农艺系统中不可分割的一部分，并给作物造成损失。2011- 2012年，在伊斯兰阿扎德大学农学研究农场进行了实地研究，评估了几种后谱除草剂对杂草生长的效果及其对蚕豆生长和产量的影响。处理方法为(1)Basagran SL 48% 1.5 L haG1+Haloxyfop-R-methyl EC 10.8% 0.6 L haG1， (2) Bentazon SL 48% 1.5 L haG1+Sethoxydim OEC 12.5% 1.5 L haG1， (3) Bentazon SL 48% 1.5 L haG1+Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl EC 12% 0.7 L haG1， (4) Imazthapyr SL 10% 0.6 L haG1和(5)Imazthapyr SL 10% 0.4施用POST，在整个作物周期内分别设置无杂草和有杂草发生的两个对照区。实验采用完全随机区组设计。与杂草对照相比，施用除草剂减少了杂草生物量，提高了蚕豆的生物产量和种子产量。在除草剂处理中，用量为0.6 L haG1的imazthapyr使杂草干物质减少98.7%，且该处理的杂草干物质最低。无杂草处理蚕豆生物产量最高，与其他处理差异显著。相比之下，在除草剂中，施用剂量为0.6 L haG1的imazthapyr获得的种子产量最高，但不同除草剂处理之间的种子产量无统计学差异。
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