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Advances in natural rubber seed shell utilization in polymer technology 天然橡胶籽壳在高分子技术中的应用进展
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v3i2.87
L. Ekebafe, L. C. Igbonazobi, E. A. Anakhu
The valorization of rubber seed shell into useful materials for industrial applications in polymer technology is of great interest. The usefulness of this material is borne out of the ease of processing; it’s readily available at low or no cost, and less abrasive to equipment. Literature and research reports have shown that rubber seed shell has gained applications in the adhesive industry as reinforcing additive, in electrode manufacturing, as filler in polymer composites, as sorbent in the uptake of heavy metals during waste water treatments, as starting material in the production carbon materials for value added products for the industry. However, there are still outstanding prospects in the utilization of this material in various areas of polymer technology such as a lignocellulosic source for the production of biodegradable foams, polymer gels, second generation bio-plastics and biofuels, and as surfactants. This review examines the results of a retrospective and prospective study in polymer technology of the latent properties inherent in rubber seed shell with particular emphasis on its utilization in polymer technology.
橡胶种子壳的价值增值为有用的材料在工业应用的聚合物技术是极大的兴趣。这种材料的用途在于易于加工;它很容易以低成本或免费获得,并且对设备的磨损较小。文献和研究报告表明,橡胶籽壳在胶粘剂工业中作为增强剂,在电极制造中,在聚合物复合材料中作为填料,在废水处理中作为重金属吸收剂,在工业增值产品中作为生产碳材料的起始材料。然而,这种材料在聚合物技术的各个领域仍有突出的应用前景,如作为生产可生物降解泡沫、聚合物凝胶、第二代生物塑料和生物燃料的木质纤维素来源,以及作为表面活性剂。本文综述了橡胶籽壳在聚合物技术中潜在特性的回顾性和前瞻性研究结果,重点介绍了橡胶籽壳在聚合物技术中的应用。
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引用次数: 1
The design and practical implementation of a six-phase induction motor 六相感应电动机的设计与实际实现
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v3i1.95
Samuel E. Iduh, Silas E. Omugbe
This thesis presents a re-designed conventional three phase 5-hp squirrel cage, 4-pole, 48 slots induction motor to a six-phase induction motor (SPIM). It also presents the in-depth of a single layer winding of a three-phase motor that was re-design to the six-phase split winding layout which was practically explained to the understanding of both the engineers and the technicians who normally find it difficult with windings of electrical machines. The optimized re-designed SPIM is presented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to perform a comparative assessment of the different phase loss scenarios of the six-phase configuration with respect to the six-phase healthy case and its conventional three-phase induction motor. The result shows a comparative benefit of the six-phase induction motor over the three-phase induction motor; in such that in the near future because of its effective way to provide a higher reliability and sustainability under the loss of phase/phases condition it will be practically applied in the power driven devices/machines like in the area of Electric Vehicles, etc.
本文提出了一种将传统的三相5马力鼠笼式4极48槽异步电动机重新设计为六相异步电动机(SPIM)。本文还深入介绍了将三相电机的单层绕组重新设计为六相分割绕组布局的方法,并实际地解释了工程师和技术人员对电机绕组的理解。在MATLAB/Simulink环境中给出了优化后的重新设计的SPIM,并对六相健康情况和常规三相感应电动机的六相配置的不同失相情况进行了比较评估。结果表明,六相感应电机优于三相感应电机;因此,在不久的将来,由于其在缺相/缺相条件下提供更高可靠性和可持续性的有效方法,它将实际应用于电力驱动设备/机器,如电动汽车等领域。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of energy band structure on gallium arsenide based MOSFET 能带结构对砷化镓基MOSFET的影响
Pub Date : 2020-07-18 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v3i2.102
Wut Hmone Kyaw, May Nwe Myint Aye
This research work is focused on material science and semiconductor engineering. It emphasized on the semiconductor material such as Gallium arsenide (GaAs). The Gallium arsenide semiconductor material was used as a group III-V compound for metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) modeling.  The band-gap energy structures were analyzed by using material parameters such as Varshni parameters, temperature and doping concentrations. Then, an electrical characteristic was carried out depending on the current and voltage relationship. The current flowing in the device is associated with a gate voltage applied to the device. From this paper, the analysis of MOSFET modeling was investigated using mathematical equations and MATLAB simulation.
主要研究方向为材料科学和半导体工程。重点介绍了砷化镓(GaAs)等半导体材料。砷化镓半导体材料作为III-V族化合物用于金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)建模。利用Varshni参数、温度和掺杂浓度等材料参数对带隙能量结构进行了分析。然后,根据电流和电压的关系进行电特性分析。流过器件的电流与施加到器件上的栅极电压相关联。本文利用数学方程和MATLAB仿真对MOSFET的建模进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study on silver nanoparticles: synthesis, photo-degradation and analysis 纳米银的实验研究:合成、光降解及分析
Pub Date : 2020-05-31 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v3i1.78
Tariq Shah, K. Saeed
The aim of present study was waste water treatment via advanced oxidation process (AOP). Wet chemical precipitation method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs were employed for photo catalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye in aqueous medium. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation shows agglomerated form of Ag NPs. The average sizes of agglomerations are below 600 nm. Energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDX) and ultraviolet light visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis) also established the formation of Ag NPs. The photo-degradation study reveals that Ag NPs degraded by 73% of CR dye in 480 min. Catalytic dosage study shows the dye degradation was increased vice versa as increased the amount of Ag NPs and then almost level off after 0.025 g of catalyst. In pH study it was observed that degradation of CR dye increased as pH increased. The recovered catalyst study also significantly degraded the CR dye.
本研究的目的是利用深度氧化法(AOP)处理废水。采用湿化学沉淀法制备银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs)。研究了银纳米粒子对刚果红(CR)染料的光催化降解。扫描电镜(SEM)观察发现银纳米粒子呈团块状。团聚体的平均粒径在600 nm以下。能量色散x射线光谱(EDX)和紫外可见光谱(UV/Vis)也证实了Ag NPs的形成。光降解研究表明,Ag NPs在480 min内降解了73%的CR染料。催化用量研究表明,随着Ag NPs用量的增加,染料的降解也随之增加,而在0.025 g催化剂后,染料的降解几乎趋于平稳。在pH研究中发现,CR染料的降解随pH的增加而增加。回收催化剂对CR染料也有明显的降解作用。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of net radiation using the autoregressive models with higher orders over Nigeria 用高阶自回归模式评价尼日利亚上空的净辐射
Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v3i1.77
O. Ojo
In this study, monthly surface net radiation data were collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency, Lagos covering a duration of 31 years (1983- 2013) spatially distributed across the four climatic regions: Semi-Arid (SAR), Sub-humid Dry (SHD), Sub-humid Humid (SHH) and Humid (HUM) regions. The net radiation was evaluated using different forms of Auto-Regressive models – AR {p} where p is the number of orders of the auto-regressive. The analysis showed that AR {4} performed best in all the regions and stations investigated. Regionally, AR {4} has maximum values of coefficient of determination of 0.8127 in HUM, 0.7876 in SHH, 0.5765 in SHD and 0.7973 in SAR regions. It can be concluded that the higher the order of auto-regressive models, the more accurate estimation of net radiation it will give irrespective of location in Nigeria.
本研究收集了尼日利亚拉各斯气象局(Nigeria Meteorological Agency, Lagos) 1983- 2013年31年的月地表净辐射数据,分布在半干旱(SAR)、亚湿润干燥(SHD)、亚湿润湿润(SHH)和湿润(HUM)四个气候区。使用不同形式的自回归模型(AR {p})评估净辐射,其中p是自回归的阶数。分析表明,AR b{4}在所有被调查的地区和电台中表现最好。从区域上看,AR b{4}在HUM、SHH、SHD和SAR区域的决定系数最大值分别为0.8127、0.7876、0.5765和0.7973。可以得出结论,自回归模型的阶数越高,无论在尼日利亚的哪个地方,它对净辐射的估计就越准确。
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引用次数: 2
Extraction of the pulse width and pulse repetition period of linear FM radar signal using time-frequency analysis 用时频分析方法提取线性调频雷达信号的脉宽和脉冲重复周期
Pub Date : 2020-05-02 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v3i1.69
A. A. Ahmad, S. Lawan, M. Ajiya, Zainab Yunusa Yusuf, L. M. Bello
A common technique used by military to realize low probability of intercept (LPI) is linear frequency modulation (LFM) in the field of electronic intelligence (ELINT). This paper estimates the pulse width (PW) and the pulse repetition period (PRP) of LFM signal using instantaneous powers. The instantaneous powers were obtained either using time-marginal or power maxima approximated from a modified version of the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD). The instantaneous power was also gotten directly from the signal by multiplication with its conjugate. Measurement was then carried out when the instantaneous power is ‘ON’ (the PW) and when it is ‘OFF’ (the PRP) at carefully selected thresholds. Thereafter, the mWVD-based algorithm was tested in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) at various signal-to-noise ratios. Results obtained during the test showed that the time marginal method emerged the best with minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -5dB followed closely by the direct method with minimum SNR of -1dB at different thresholds. The results show that the proposed algorithm based on this modified WVD can be deployed in the practical field to determine radar’s performance and function
线性调频(LFM)是电子情报领域实现低截获概率的常用技术。利用瞬时功率估计LFM信号的脉冲宽度和脉冲重复周期。瞬时功率可以使用时间边际或功率最大值来获得,近似于Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)的改进版本。瞬时功率也可以直接由信号与其共轭函数相乘得到。然后在精心选择的阈值下,当瞬时电源为“ON”(PW)和当它为“OFF”(PRP)时进行测量。然后,在不同信噪比下,对存在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)的基于mwvd的算法进行了测试。试验结果表明,在不同阈值下,时间边际法表现最好,信噪比最小为-5dB,其次是直接法,信噪比最小为-1dB。结果表明,基于此改进的WVD算法可以应用于实际领域,以确定雷达的性能和功能
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引用次数: 8
Efficiency Analysis on Small Sized Generators in Nigeria 尼日利亚小型发电机效率分析
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v2i2.66
A. Airoboman, M. A. Jibrin, J. Ademola, J. Oladokun, S. Ahmed, M. O. Edu
In this paper, efficiency analysis of small sized generators in Nigeria was considered. Experimental analyses were carried out on two (2) different samples of generators tagged “S” and “T” at different loading conditions (20%, 40%, 60% etc. of ratings) to ascertain the generators’ efficiencies as well as the maximum true power that could be drawn out from the generators. The experimental results are compared with the manufacturers ratings specified on the name plate of the generators. The results indicated an average efficiency of 44.9% and 55.7% for “T” and “S” respectively an indication that generator “S” is more efficient that “T”. The results also showed that the values of the power factor indicated on the generators are inaccurate as none of the generators could give the maximum power as indicated on their name plates based on the experimental analysis carried out. The generators selected were able to provide adequate power to the selected loads with efficiencies not up to 100% of the expected rated value of the generators. For generator “S” it was observed that the efficiency decreases from the highest rating to the lowest rating. Conclusively, this result suggests that portable generators dealers are taking advantage of the energy crises to importing generators not up to specifications to the Nigerian market at the expense of naïve customers. This paper recommends that proper standards and measures be put in place and enforced by the relevant authority for conformity of standards to all imported generators to save guard and protect the interest of potential customers and Nigerians.
本文考虑了尼日利亚小型发电机的效率分析。在不同的负载条件下(额定值的20%、40%、60%等),对标记为“S”和“T”的两种不同的发电机样本进行了实验分析,以确定发电机的效率以及可以从发电机中提取的最大真实功率。实验结果与发电机铭牌上的厂家额定值进行了比较。结果表明,“T”和“S”的平均效率分别为44.9%和55.7%,表明发电机“S”的效率高于“T”。结果还表明,发电机上显示的功率因数值是不准确的,因为根据所进行的实验分析,没有一台发电机能给出其铭牌上显示的最大功率。所选发电机能够为所选负荷提供足够的电力,而效率不高达发电机预期额定值的100%。对于发电机S,可以观察到效率从最高额定值到最低额定值递减。最后,这一结果表明,便携式发电机经销商正在利用能源危机,以牺牲naïve客户的利益为代价,向尼日利亚市场进口不符合规格的发电机。本文建议有关当局制定适当的标准和措施,并强制执行所有进口发电机的标准一致性,以节省和保护潜在客户和尼日利亚人的利益。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Line Outage Detection in Nigeria 330kV Transmission Lines using Phasor Measurement Units 用相量测量装置检测尼日利亚330kV输电线路的停电分析
Pub Date : 2019-12-31 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v2i3.68
Nkem Francis Obodoagwu
In this work, an analysis of line outage detection in Nigeria 330kV transmission lines using Phasor Measurement Units was presented. This requires collection and analysis of the data obtained from Transmission Company of Nigeria with the aid of PSAT 2.10.1 / MATLAB SIMULINK using Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm and also to determine the effectiveness of PMU when introduced in our power system network. 12 buses and 3 Generators system were considered for the studied. This was achieved by collecting relevant transmission parameters for 330kV line and was simulated on PSAT 2.10.1 and MATLAB 2015a using Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm. The work involved an offline and online analysis. For the offline analysis the admittance / impedance matrix for Y-bus and bus voltage for pre-outage was obtained via the power flow analysis and change in impedance for the lines were calculated. These values were further normalised in order to reduce the value to a row echelon form. Then for the online analysis; the change in phase angle from the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) online simulation for pre-outage and also post-outage was calculated and a normalised column matrix was gotten. Finally, the effectiveness of the line outage detection was graphically represented using MATLAB software to plot the values of the normalised values of the offline and online analysis; i.e., by comparing the normalised form of the offline and online values. These results clearly show that PMUs gives an accurate monitoring and total observability when introduced in Nigeria power system.
本文介绍了利用相量测量装置对尼日利亚330kV输电线路进行停电检测的分析。这就需要借助PSAT 2.10.1 / MATLAB SIMULINK使用牛顿-拉夫森潮流算法对尼日利亚输电公司获得的数据进行收集和分析,并确定PMU在我们的电力系统网络中引入的有效性。以12台母线和3台发电机系统为研究对象。通过采集330kV线路的相关输电参数,在PSAT 2.10.1和MATLAB 2015a上使用牛顿-拉夫森潮流算法进行仿真。这项工作包括离线和在线分析。在离线分析中,通过潮流分析得到了停机前y -母线的导纳/阻抗矩阵和母线电压,并计算了线路阻抗的变化。为了将这些值简化为行阶梯形,这些值进一步归一化。然后进行在线分析;计算了相量测量单元(PMU)在线仿真结果在断电前和断电后的相角变化,得到了归一化的列矩阵。最后,利用MATLAB软件将离线和在线分析的归一化值绘制成图形表示线路中断检测的有效性;即通过比较离线值和在线值的归一化形式。这些结果清楚地表明,在尼日利亚电力系统中引入pmu后,pmu提供了准确的监测和完全可观测性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Erratic and Epileptic Electric Power Supply in Nigerian Telecommunication Industry: Causes and Solutions 尼日利亚电信行业电力供应不稳定和癫痫的影响:原因和解决办法
Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v2i2.61
C. Agbeboaye, F. O. Akpojedje, B. Ogbe
The issue of erratic and epileptic power supply in Nigeria Electricity Company is as old as the country itself. This is not unconnected to some factors such as: inadequate power generated in the national grid, electric power losses in the distribution network, government instability and unstable power reform policies, to mention but a few. The effects of erratic and epileptic power supply have been a major challenge to every sector in Nigeria especially the telecommunication industry. The telecommunication industry plays a significant role in the growth and development of every nation. Hence, this paper aims at critically investigating the causes and effects of erratic and epileptic electric power supply in Nigerian telecommunication industry. More so, the paper suggested and recommended ways to curb and enhance the current erratic and epileptic power situation in the country in order to boost the productivity of telecommunication industry and other sectors as well.
尼日利亚电力公司不稳定的电力供应问题和这个国家一样古老。这与国家电网发电量不足、配电网电力损失、政府不稳定、电力改革政策不稳定等因素不无关系。电力供应不稳定和不稳定的影响一直是尼日利亚各部门,特别是电信业面临的重大挑战。电信业在每个国家的成长和发展中都起着重要的作用。因此,本文旨在批判性地调查尼日利亚电信行业不稳定和癫痫性电力供应的原因和影响。更重要的是,该文件提出并建议了遏制和加强该国目前不稳定和癫痫般的电力状况的方法,以提高电信业和其他部门的生产力。
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引用次数: 2
Transmission System and Rural Electrification Scheme in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges, Constraints and Way forward 尼日利亚输电系统和农村电气化计划:问题、挑战、制约因素和前进方向
Pub Date : 2019-12-02 DOI: 10.37121/jase.v2i2.60
E. C. Mormah
This paper x-rayed the transmission system and rural electrification scheme in Nigeria. The electric power transmission network and rural electrification scheme were critically reviewed in terms of issues, challenges, constraints, roles and current state of the power systems to identify their areas of strength and shortcomings in the Nigeria power sector. The paper further proposes the way forward to enhance the performance of the Nigeria’s electric power transmission system and rural electrification scheme.
本文考察了尼日利亚的输电系统和农村电气化计划。从电力系统的问题、挑战、制约因素、作用和现状等方面对电力传输网络和农村电气化计划进行了严格审查,以确定其在尼日利亚电力部门的优势和不足。本文进一步提出了提高尼日利亚电力传输系统性能和农村电气化计划的前进方向。
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引用次数: 1
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International journal of advances in science, engineering and technology
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