Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000e120
Denise M Pralle
I read with interest the article in the current issue of the Journal of Community and Public Health Nursing related to ethical ideology and religiosity written by Malloy et al. [1]. In the article, the authors say that nurses' religiosity, ethical idealism and ethical relativism differ as a function of country/culture” and question whether these ideals affect a nurse’s personal practice (abstract). I have similar questions. It seems likely that most nurses would accept and adopt their own culture’s ethical and ideological beliefs early in life. However, I wonder how many health care providers continue to use these early ideologies as they provide care for their patients, especially when those patients have diverse backgrounds. In a society where cultural differences are growing, health providers are challenged to understand and respect others’ belief systems and then use this understanding to provide culturally appropriate care.
{"title":"Grappling with Ethical Ideology and Religiosity","authors":"Denise M Pralle","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000e120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000e120","url":null,"abstract":"I read with interest the article in the current issue of the Journal of Community and Public Health Nursing related to ethical ideology and religiosity written by Malloy et al. [1]. In the article, the authors say that nurses' religiosity, ethical idealism and ethical relativism differ as a function of country/culture” and question whether these ideals affect a nurse’s personal practice (abstract). I have similar questions. It seems likely that most nurses would accept and adopt their own culture’s ethical and ideological beliefs early in life. However, I wonder how many health care providers continue to use these early ideologies as they provide care for their patients, especially when those patients have diverse backgrounds. In a society where cultural differences are growing, health providers are challenged to understand and respect others’ belief systems and then use this understanding to provide culturally appropriate care.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000e120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000177
Renee Martin-Thornton
During the past four decades, researchers have developed strategies used in nursing programs to promote cultural awareness. Minimal research has focused on the graduating associate degree-nursing students to determine if a relationship existed between the use of an integrated cultural curriculum and the nursing student’s level of cultural awareness. The associate degree-nursing program accreditation, statistical and benchmark reports mandated the integration of diversity content, local, national and worldwide perspectives in the curricula. Additionally societal and cultural patterns must be integrated across the entire nursing school curricula. In this study, a correlational approach was implemented to determine if relationships existed between the integrated cultural curriculum and level of cultural awareness in graduating associate degree nursing students in a large metropolitan area, such as in Los Angeles. In addition, the focus was to determine if differences existed in the level of cultural awareness among the graduating associate degree-nursing students based on demographic factors (gender, ethnicity and age). The Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS) was used during this study. Based on the results of the 51 participants surveyed in this study, the cultural awareness level may be attributed to several factors, including the integrated cultural curricula. The nursing student’s learning style, perception of faculty, personal experiences and cultural encounters may also contribute to the cultural awareness level.
{"title":"Cultural Awareness in Nursing is a Progressive Growth","authors":"Renee Martin-Thornton","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"During the past four decades, researchers have developed strategies used in nursing programs to promote cultural awareness. Minimal research has focused on the graduating associate degree-nursing students to determine if a relationship existed between the use of an integrated cultural curriculum and the nursing student’s level of cultural awareness. The associate degree-nursing program accreditation, statistical and benchmark reports mandated the integration of diversity content, local, national and worldwide perspectives in the curricula. Additionally societal and cultural patterns must be integrated across the entire nursing school curricula. \u0000In this study, a correlational approach was implemented to determine if relationships existed between the integrated cultural curriculum and level of cultural awareness in graduating associate degree nursing students in a large metropolitan area, such as in Los Angeles. In addition, the focus was to determine if differences existed in the level of cultural awareness among the graduating associate degree-nursing students based on demographic factors (gender, ethnicity and age). The Cultural Awareness Scale (CAS) was used during this study. Based on the results of the 51 participants surveyed in this study, the cultural awareness level may be attributed to several factors, including the integrated cultural curricula. The nursing student’s learning style, perception of faculty, personal experiences and cultural encounters may also contribute to the cultural awareness level.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43821580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000178
Kerry Jones, G. Birchely, L. Clare, R. Huxtable, T. Walter, J. Dixon
Dementia affects approximately 36 million people worldwide and the number living with dementia is expected to increase to 66 million by 2030 [1]. Dementia is recognised as a public health priority which urgently needs attention by the World Health Organisation [2]. Despite recent national and international policy initiatives, people with dementia continue to receive invasive treatment such as artificial nutrition and hydration and inadequate care towards the end of their lives [3]. In our scoping review of decision making and advanced care planning for people with dementia, we outline some of the challenges of decision making that people with people with dementia, their families and health professionals face in talking about a complex and sensitive issue.
{"title":"Addressing Decision Making on End of Life Care for People with Dementia","authors":"Kerry Jones, G. Birchely, L. Clare, R. Huxtable, T. Walter, J. Dixon","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia affects approximately 36 million people worldwide and the number living with dementia is expected to increase to 66 million by 2030 [1]. Dementia is recognised as a public health priority which urgently needs attention by the World Health Organisation [2]. Despite recent national and international policy initiatives, people with dementia continue to receive invasive treatment such as artificial nutrition and hydration and inadequate care towards the end of their lives [3]. In our scoping review of decision making and advanced care planning for people with dementia, we outline some of the challenges of decision making that people with people with dementia, their families and health professionals face in talking about a complex and sensitive issue.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45411512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-30DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000175
J. Ahmad
Health is a major component in the socio-economic development of any community. Promotion of good health at different levels of the society is the responsibility of all individuals, families, households, and communities [1]. Implementing community health services is a top priority of the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS), and its partners in Kenya. This is well articulated in the Ministry of Health Joint Programme of Work and Funding, 2006/2007–2009/2010, the MoPHS strategic plan 2008-2010 and the second National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP II) of 2005–2010 [2]. The Kenya Essential Package for Health (KEPH) introduced six life-cycle cohorts and six service delivery levels. One of its key innovations is the recognition and introduction of level 1 service, which aimed at empowering Kenyan households and communities to take charge of improving their own health (Ibid). Community strategy which forms basis to achieve this is an approach which aims at empowering individual communities at household level to take control of their own health issues through community health units. The community forms the foundation in the provision of affordable, equitable and effective health care [3].
{"title":"Factors Affecting of Health Services by Community Health Units","authors":"J. Ahmad","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Health is a major component in the socio-economic development of any community. Promotion of good health at different levels of the society is the responsibility of all individuals, families, households, and communities [1]. Implementing community health services is a top priority of the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation (MOPHS), and its partners in Kenya. This is well articulated in the Ministry of Health Joint Programme of Work and Funding, 2006/2007–2009/2010, the MoPHS strategic plan 2008-2010 and the second National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP II) of 2005–2010 [2]. The Kenya Essential Package for Health (KEPH) introduced six life-cycle cohorts and six service delivery levels. One of its key innovations is the recognition and introduction of level 1 service, which aimed at empowering Kenyan households and communities to take charge of improving their own health (Ibid). Community strategy which forms basis to achieve this is an approach which aims at empowering individual communities at household level to take control of their own health issues through community health units. The community forms the foundation in the provision of affordable, equitable and effective health care [3].","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000174
D. Maher
Public health nursing and community health nursing both involve an understanding of the relation between clinical care and public health (Box 1) [1]. A recent publication has highlighted the synergies between clinical medicine and public health [2]. The present commentary suggests ways in which these synergies may be relevant to the role of those engaged in public health nursing and community health nursing. Many practitioners of public health nursing and community health nursing have previous experience of clinical nursing, or combine work in clinical nursing with public health and community practice, so are well placed to identify, and capitalize on, opportunities to maximize the individual and population health benefits which may arise from closing the gap between nursing care and public health. There is considerable variation between different health systems (and often within individual health systems) in provision of care at primary, secondary and tertiary levels and public health delivery, and between the interactions between nursing care and public health. The opportunities for promoting synergy between nursing care and public health therefore require consideration of care provision and public health delivery in particular contexts.
{"title":"Synergies between Clinical Medicine and Public Health","authors":"D. Maher","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"Public health nursing and community health nursing both involve an understanding of the relation between clinical care and public health (Box 1) [1]. A recent publication has highlighted the synergies between clinical medicine and public health [2]. The present commentary suggests ways in which these synergies may be relevant to the role of those engaged in public health nursing and community health nursing. Many practitioners of public health nursing and community health nursing have previous experience of clinical nursing, or combine work in clinical nursing with public health and community practice, so are well placed to identify, and capitalize on, opportunities to maximize the individual and population health benefits which may arise from closing the gap between nursing care and public health. There is considerable variation between different health systems (and often within individual health systems) in provision of care at primary, secondary and tertiary levels and public health delivery, and between the interactions between nursing care and public health. The opportunities for promoting synergy between nursing care and public health therefore require consideration of care provision and public health delivery in particular contexts.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47323192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-29DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000173
T. Wen, J. Morrison
Preterm birth (<37weeks gestation) occurs in approximately 12% of births in the United States and results in 26,000 infant deaths leading to our unenviable rank of 55th in the world for infant mortality [1,2]. Preterm birth is also extremely expensive with an economic cost (2007) of $26.2 billion accounting for approximately 50% of all pregnancy costs [3]. The diagnosis of preterm labor is controversial. Thus acute tocolytic management of uterine contractions once labor has started is difficult and, even if successful, such treatment is not continued long-term [4]. Complicating matters further is that many variables, such as race, age, socioeconomic standing, bleeding, genetics, etc., are not modifiable risk factors. All this has left obstetricians, as well as obstetric nurses/nurse mid-wives, in a difficult position in their attempt to reduce preterm births. However, we have one thing that has been shown to decrease early delivery 17Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate (17P). The use of 17P (250 mg injected weekly) in women with a singleton pregnancy who have had a prior spontaneous early delivery, revealed a diminution in preterm births in every study (Figure 1) [5]. All of these reports showed a reduction in preterm births (<37 weeks gestation) averaging 22%. Two of the studies also reported a reduction in deliveries below 32 weeks gestation while four of the investigations noted a significant reduction in the neonatal deaths by 42%. Likewise for the studies which reported birthweights among treated patients, they noted neonates were 214-512 g heavier than control off-spring. Progesterone appears to have its salutary effects by several mechanisms. First, progesterone decreases the number of myometrial oxytocin receptors and increases gap junctions. The drug also counteracts prostaglandin production by the amniochorion while enhancing the structural integrities of the cervix [6].
{"title":"Prevention of Preterm Birth Redux: Progesterone Works","authors":"T. Wen, J. Morrison","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"Preterm birth (<37weeks gestation) occurs in approximately 12% of births in the United States and results in 26,000 infant deaths leading to our unenviable rank of 55th in the world for infant mortality [1,2]. Preterm birth is also extremely expensive with an economic cost (2007) of $26.2 billion accounting for approximately 50% of all pregnancy costs [3]. The diagnosis of preterm labor is controversial. Thus acute tocolytic management of uterine contractions once labor has started is difficult and, even if successful, such treatment is not continued long-term [4]. Complicating matters further is that many variables, such as race, age, socioeconomic standing, bleeding, genetics, etc., are not modifiable risk factors. All this has left obstetricians, as well as obstetric nurses/nurse mid-wives, in a difficult position in their attempt to reduce preterm births. However, we have one thing that has been shown to decrease early delivery 17Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate (17P). The use of 17P (250 mg injected weekly) in women with a singleton pregnancy who have had a prior spontaneous early delivery, revealed a diminution in preterm births in every study (Figure 1) [5]. All of these reports showed a reduction in preterm births (<37 weeks gestation) averaging 22%. Two of the studies also reported a reduction in deliveries below 32 weeks gestation while four of the investigations noted a significant reduction in the neonatal deaths by 42%. Likewise for the studies which reported birthweights among treated patients, they noted neonates were 214-512 g heavier than control off-spring. Progesterone appears to have its salutary effects by several mechanisms. First, progesterone decreases the number of myometrial oxytocin receptors and increases gap junctions. The drug also counteracts prostaglandin production by the amniochorion while enhancing the structural integrities of the cervix [6].","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48158260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-25DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000172
K. De
anges are influenced by their growth spurt, socioeconomic status, in female adolescence they experience menarche, in adolescence growth acceleration happens so subjects of adolescence groups. In this adolescence experience undernutrition due to lack of nutritious food; due to iron deficiency they experience their stunting in growth. Methods: Study area is 3 no. gram panchayats of Salboni block of West Medinipur. This study age group is adolescent girls. For this study height is measured by stadiometer and weight is measured by weighing scale, to collect socio-economic data some schedule questionnaires are followed. Result: Relation of mean age, menarche and nutritional status is shown which shows the girls who belong to normal body mass index experiences menarche at age of 11 years; 268 girls experience menarche at age of 12 years. Negative impact of occupation in mean age at menarche 1.08% adolescent experience severe anemia which proves under nutrient adolescent. 13 girls belongs to chronic energy deficiency I. 12.30% adolescent are of age 10-14 years. Conclusion: At stage puberty girls need nutritive food which stimulate their growth, due to lack of nutrition they become under nutrient and in future when they become mother they give birth to underweight children, so stop this cycle people should take care of girls and girls should learn about hygiene, menstrual health to fight against all reproductive health issue
{"title":"Study of Bio-Social Behaviour of Rural Adolescent Girls","authors":"K. De","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"anges are influenced by their growth spurt, socioeconomic status, in female adolescence they experience menarche, in adolescence growth acceleration happens so subjects of adolescence groups. In this adolescence experience undernutrition due to lack of nutritious food; due to iron deficiency they experience their stunting in growth. Methods: Study area is 3 no. gram panchayats of Salboni block of West Medinipur. This study age group is adolescent girls. For this study height is measured by stadiometer and weight is measured by weighing scale, to collect socio-economic data some schedule questionnaires are followed. Result: Relation of mean age, menarche and nutritional status is shown which shows the girls who belong to normal body mass index experiences menarche at age of 11 years; 268 girls experience menarche at age of 12 years. Negative impact of occupation in mean age at menarche 1.08% adolescent experience severe anemia which proves under nutrient adolescent. 13 girls belongs to chronic energy deficiency I. 12.30% adolescent are of age 10-14 years. Conclusion: At stage puberty girls need nutritive food which stimulate their growth, due to lack of nutrition they become under nutrient and in future when they become mother they give birth to underweight children, so stop this cycle people should take care of girls and girls should learn about hygiene, menstrual health to fight against all reproductive health issue","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000171
Zhinzela Qyli
Background: Nosocomial infections make one of the most important issues regarding the surity of the patients at the healthcare institutions. Every hospitalized patient may acquire one nosocomial infection. The microorganisms that cause these infections may be bacteria, viruses and pathogen fungus. Nosocomial infections are the 5th causes of death in hospitals. A third of nosocomial infections are preventable. Objective: The main purpose of this study was the identification of prevalence of potential nosocomial pathogens isolated from environments of Regional Hospital of Korca, Albania. Material and methods: A total of 393 bacteria were isolated and identified from the hospital. The microbial identification was done with microscopy after Gram staining, colonies morphology and biochemistry. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of microrganisms isolated was as following: Staphylococcus aureus 237 (60.3%) of isolates, E. coli 124 (31.6%), Klebsiella spp. 1 (0.3%), Pseudomonas spp. 13 (3.3%), Proteus spp. 1 (0.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 4 (1.0%), Saprophytes 13 (3.3%). Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen isolated in the hospitals while E. coli was the most frequent gram negative bacteria isolated.
{"title":"Prevalence of Potential Nosocomial Pathogens Isolated from Environments ofRegional Hospital of Korca, Albania","authors":"Zhinzela Qyli","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nosocomial infections make one of the most important issues regarding the surity of the patients at the healthcare institutions. Every hospitalized patient may acquire one nosocomial infection. The microorganisms that cause these infections may be bacteria, viruses and pathogen fungus. Nosocomial infections are the 5th causes of death in hospitals. A third of nosocomial infections are preventable. Objective: The main purpose of this study was the identification of prevalence of potential nosocomial pathogens isolated from environments of Regional Hospital of Korca, Albania. Material and methods: A total of 393 bacteria were isolated and identified from the hospital. The microbial identification was done with microscopy after Gram staining, colonies morphology and biochemistry. Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of microrganisms isolated was as following: Staphylococcus aureus 237 (60.3%) of isolates, E. coli 124 (31.6%), Klebsiella spp. 1 (0.3%), Pseudomonas spp. 13 (3.3%), Proteus spp. 1 (0.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 4 (1.0%), Saprophytes 13 (3.3%). Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen isolated in the hospitals while E. coli was the most frequent gram negative bacteria isolated.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45414344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000170
J. Saka, A. B. Gubio, Yennan Sebastian Kerecvel, A. Saka, A. Oyemakinde
Lassa haemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus is an acute, highly infectious zoonotic disease. Magnitude of disease is becoming greater with increasing mortality and morbidity and spread to other area in Nigeria. The study accessed outbreak outcome, risk factors and empirical analysis from 2012 to 2016. Active case search conducted included health facilities that treated confirmed and suspect cases, as well as their residential and business premises using questionnaire and Laboratory analysis. All cases were identified based on the adopted case definition of a person with severe illness of <3 weeks duration and temperature ≥ 38oC. Individuals with potential direct exposure to Lassa virus through contact with a case were risk assessed. Evidence from data LF cases recorded for five years were analysis using Epi Info 6. A total of Eight (8) cases were seen during the period of investigation. Three (3) was confirmed, one of the confirmed case who was a doctor died. Case fatality rate is 37.5%. Over 50% of the cases are aged between 25-40 years. Median age is 26 year with range 1-55years. Five of the eight cases (62.5%) are males. 100% of patients live in Markudi but 86.5% are Ibo settlers. Out of the 53 contacts that were assessed for risk, 25 (47.2%) were categorized as no risk, 25 (47.2%) were categorized as low risk, while 3 (5.6%) were high risk contacts. Between the period of five years 5051 cases conformed, with 3891 death from LF with case fatality of 77.03%. Risk factors for transmission not limited ethical believe, ignorance and misinformation. LF infection is on increase, affecting both health and non-health workers Over half of the contacts had direct contact with this case. Adopting proper standard precautions in hospitals as well as communities is recommended
拉萨病毒引起的拉萨出血热是一种急性、高度传染性的人畜共患疾病。随着死亡率和发病率的增加，疾病的严重程度越来越大，并蔓延到尼日利亚的其他地区。该研究访问了2012年至2016年的疫情结果、风险因素和实证分析。积极进行的病例搜索包括治疗确诊和疑似病例的卫生机构，以及使用问卷和实验室分析的住宅和商业场所。所有病例都是根据采用的病例定义确定的，即患有持续时间<3周且体温≥38摄氏度的严重疾病的人。对通过接触病例可能直接接触拉萨病毒的个人进行风险评估。使用Epi Info 6对记录了五年的LF病例数据进行分析。在调查期间，共发现八（8）起案件。三（3）人确诊，其中一名医生死亡。病死率为37.5%。超过50%的病例年龄在25-40岁之间。中位年龄为26岁，年龄范围为1-55岁。8例病例中有5例（62.5%）为男性。100%的患者生活在马尔库迪，但86.5%的患者是伊博定居者。在进行风险评估的53名接触者中，25人（47.2%）被归类为无风险，25人为低风险，3人（5.6%）为高风险接触者。在五年期间，5051例病例符合要求，3891例死于LF，病死率为77.03%。传播的风险因素不仅限于道德信仰、无知和错误信息。LF感染正在增加，影响卫生和非卫生工作者。超过一半的接触者与该病例有直接接触。建议在医院和社区采取适当的标准预防措施
{"title":"Lassa Fever Epidemic in Nigeria - Outbreak Investigation, Risk Factors and Empirical Analysis from 2012 To 2016","authors":"J. Saka, A. B. Gubio, Yennan Sebastian Kerecvel, A. Saka, A. Oyemakinde","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Lassa haemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus is an acute, highly infectious zoonotic disease. Magnitude of disease is becoming greater with increasing mortality and morbidity and spread to other area in Nigeria. The study accessed outbreak outcome, risk factors and empirical analysis from 2012 to 2016. Active case search conducted included health facilities that treated confirmed and suspect cases, as well as their residential and business premises using questionnaire and Laboratory analysis. All cases were identified based on the adopted case definition of a person with severe illness of <3 weeks duration and temperature ≥ 38oC. Individuals with potential direct exposure to Lassa virus through contact with a case were risk assessed. Evidence from data LF cases recorded for five years were analysis using Epi Info 6. A total of Eight (8) cases were seen during the period of investigation. Three (3) was confirmed, one of the confirmed case who was a doctor died. Case fatality rate is 37.5%. Over 50% of the cases are aged between 25-40 years. Median age is 26 year with range 1-55years. Five of the eight cases (62.5%) are males. 100% of patients live in Markudi but 86.5% are Ibo settlers. Out of the 53 contacts that were assessed for risk, 25 (47.2%) were categorized as no risk, 25 (47.2%) were categorized as low risk, while 3 (5.6%) were high risk contacts. Between the period of five years 5051 cases conformed, with 3891 death from LF with case fatality of 77.03%. Risk factors for transmission not limited ethical believe, ignorance and misinformation. LF infection is on increase, affecting both health and non-health workers Over half of the contacts had direct contact with this case. Adopting proper standard precautions in hospitals as well as communities is recommended","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47893613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-29DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000169
J. Abbasi, Mahmoud Abbasi, C. K. Lee, C. K. Tan, E. Tan, Navedur Rehman
Androgenic or androgenetic alopecia is a very frequent cause of hair loss affecting males over 50 years of age. For ages, wearing a cap which covers the frontal, parietal and upper parts of temporal and occipital areas of the scalp is commonly employed as a tradition in males. These areas coincide with the affected area in androgenic alopecia. Hence, a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted to analyze the association between cap wearing habits and quality of life with androgenic alopecia among Indian male patients aged above 50 years. Skindex-29 was used as a tool to assess quality of life in these patients. Based on the results, we found no significant association between cap wearing habits and quality of life in Indian males with androgenic alopecia (p=0.348). But, quality of life was highly associated with the severity of androgenic alopecia among Indian male patients (p=0.003) indicating that the more severe the androgenic alopecia, the poorer is the patient’s quality of life. We also find that as the patient’s age increases, the more severe is the androgenic alopecia among Indian males (p=0.012). Also as their hours of cap wearing increases, their desire to undergo treatment for their androgenic alopecia also decreases substantially (p=0.001). Thus cap wearing frequency has no effect on quality of life in Indian males with androgenic alopecia. Severity of androgenic alopecia has a profound effect on quality of life among Indian male patients. With increasing age, the severity of androgenic alopecia also increases. Frequency of cap wearing has no effect on severity of androgenic alopecia. Increasing hours of cap wearing showed decrease in interest to seek medical treatment.
{"title":"Cap Wearing and Quality of Life in Patients with Androgenic Alopecia amongst Indian Population","authors":"J. Abbasi, Mahmoud Abbasi, C. K. Lee, C. K. Tan, E. Tan, Navedur Rehman","doi":"10.4172/2471-9846.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2471-9846.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Androgenic or androgenetic alopecia is a very frequent cause of hair loss affecting males over 50 years of age. For ages, wearing a cap which covers the frontal, parietal and upper parts of temporal and occipital areas of the scalp is commonly employed as a tradition in males. These areas coincide with the affected area in androgenic alopecia. Hence, a cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted to analyze the association between cap wearing habits and quality of life with androgenic alopecia among Indian male patients aged above 50 years. Skindex-29 was used as a tool to assess quality of life in these patients. Based on the results, we found no significant association between cap wearing habits and quality of life in Indian males with androgenic alopecia (p=0.348). But, quality of life was highly associated with the severity of androgenic alopecia among Indian male patients (p=0.003) indicating that the more severe the androgenic alopecia, the poorer is the patient’s quality of life. We also find that as the patient’s age increases, the more severe is the androgenic alopecia among Indian males (p=0.012). Also as their hours of cap wearing increases, their desire to undergo treatment for their androgenic alopecia also decreases substantially (p=0.001). Thus cap wearing frequency has no effect on quality of life in Indian males with androgenic alopecia. Severity of androgenic alopecia has a profound effect on quality of life among Indian male patients. With increasing age, the severity of androgenic alopecia also increases. Frequency of cap wearing has no effect on severity of androgenic alopecia. Increasing hours of cap wearing showed decrease in interest to seek medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":92236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of community & public health nursing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2471-9846.1000169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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