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Narrative, Meaning Making and Context-Based Care: How to Realize Person-Centred Care 叙事、意义制造与语境关怀:如何实现以人为本的关怀
Pub Date : 2017-08-31 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000188
J. Sitvast
This case study illustrates the need for person-centred care. It postulates a central position for narrative in meaning making processes. Three social functions are discerned in the use of narrative. A narrative model deduced from the metaphor of the spinning top is proposed to be used by professionals in their contact with patients. It is been argued that there is a need for a context sensitive evidence-based practice in which circularity plays an important role. The context is found in the lifeworld, especially social interaction and the life story. Circularity is based on the recognition that both patients and professionals are agents who interact and that there should be reciprocity to some degree in order to realize a fruitful and therapeutic treatment outcome.
本案例研究说明了以人为中心的护理的必要性。它假定了叙事在意义形成过程中的中心地位。叙事的使用体现了三种社会功能。根据旋转陀螺的隐喻推导出一个叙事模型,供专业人员在与患者接触时使用。有人认为,需要一种对环境敏感的循证实践,在这种实践中,循环性发挥着重要作用。语境存在于生活世界中,尤其是社会互动和生活故事中。循环是基于这样一种认识,即患者和专业人员都是相互作用的代理人,为了实现富有成效的治疗结果,应该在一定程度上互惠互利。
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引用次数: 2
Mindfulness, Relaxation and Other Stress Relief Techniques 正念、放松和其他减压技巧
Pub Date : 2017-08-04 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000191
P. Jayatilake
“Stress” is a reaction to a stimulus that disrupts the physical and mental equilibrium, which has become an omnipresent part in life and that many researchers and scientists strive towards finding strategies to meet with this challenge [1]. It seems not possible to control the stresses around; however, using some effective techniques will help to alter the reaction to it; however, using some effective techniques will help to alter the reaction to it [2].
“压力”是对破坏身心平衡的刺激的反应,身心平衡已成为生活中无处不在的一部分,许多研究人员和科学家都在努力寻找应对这一挑战的策略[1]。似乎不可能控制周围的压力;然而,使用一些有效的技术将有助于改变对它的反应;然而,使用一些有效的技术将有助于改变对它的反应[2]。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Pigeon Keeping on Health and Family Life 鸽子饲养对健康和家庭生活的影响
Pub Date : 2017-07-29 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000190
Z. Israili, Nazia Iqbal
Pigeon keeping/breeding is prevalent worldwide and a lot has been written about this hobby/profession and pigeon fanciers in the popular media, websites and books. It is well known that pigeons transmit diseases and cause pulmonary disorders in pigeon keepers/breeders, but, not much is available in the scientific/medical literature regarding the impact of this ‘addiction’ on the psychological and mental health of the individuals and family life/relations. The following narrative is based mainly on personal experience (NJI), observation (ZHI), websites and common sense.
养鸽/繁殖在世界各地都很普遍,在流行的媒体、网站和书籍上,人们对这一爱好/职业和鸽子爱好者写了很多文章。众所周知,鸽子会在鸽子饲养者/饲养者中传播疾病并导致肺部疾病,但科学/医学文献中关于这种“成瘾”对个人心理和心理健康以及家庭生活/关系的影响却不多。以下叙述主要基于个人经验(NJI)、观察(ZHI)、网站和常识。
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引用次数: 2
Good Work is Good for Health: The Societal and Individual Perspective 好的工作有益于健康:社会和个人的观点
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000189
C. Holmes, K. Walker-Bone
Background: Neither public health nor traditional healthcare have generally concerned themselves with employment participation. Most of the outcomes we measure are health-related and in practice we rarely take note of the occupation of our patients or populations or consider the impact of our healthcare on their ability to work. Methods: We report the results of a study of current clinical practice involving patients receiving outpatient care for chronic long-term conditions. Results: Healthcare workers do not take their opportunities to discuss work participation with their patients. Conclusion: Work participation needs more emphasis by healthcare commissioners and providers. The optimal way to achieve this would be for work participation to become a health outcome. Prioritisation of work would lead to important improvements in the health of individuals and societies.
背景:公共卫生和传统卫生保健一般都不关心就业参与。我们衡量的大多数结果都是与健康相关的,在实践中,我们很少注意到患者或人群的职业,也很少考虑我们的医疗保健对他们工作能力的影响。方法:我们报告了目前临床实践的研究结果,涉及接受门诊治疗的慢性长期疾病患者。结果:医护人员不利用他们的机会与他们的病人讨论工作参与。结论:卫生保健专员和医务人员应更加重视工作参与。实现这一目标的最佳途径是使工作参与成为一种健康成果。确定工作的优先次序将大大改善个人和社会的健康状况。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching Students Concept Mapping to Enhance Critical Thinking in a Mental Health Nursing Course 在心理健康护理课程中,教授学生概念图以增强批判性思维
Pub Date : 2017-07-17 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000186
J. Garwood, Amy Hammoud
Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the level of critical thinking of millennial nursing students enrolled in a mental health nursing course by using a constructivist approach and utilizing concept mapping as a teaching and learning tool. Background: Nursing education should keep in pace with the advances in technology and changes in healthcare. Faculty should consider the diverse learning needs of their students when planning courses and clinical experiences. As evidence-based practice guides health care, so should it guide nursing educators when selecting teaching and learning activities. Educators might be wise to consider strategies which are proven to adequately prepare students to be safe and effective entry-level nurses. Method: Critical thinking of students will be measured using a pre and post-HESI specialty exam, which is designed to measure the critical thinking ability of students. Results of learning outcomes: The students exceeded the national average in 23/30 (73%) in 30 categories of critical thinking and achieved acceptable or recommended levels in 5/5 areas of critical thinking in an HESI Critical Thinking exam. Conclusion: The outcome of the HESI critical thinking exams demonstrated that students were successful developing critical thinking, synthesis of data to guide clinical decisions and demonstrate contextualized judgment and reasoning.
摘要目的:本研究采用建构主义教学方法,运用概念图作为教学工具,探讨心理健康护理专业千禧一代护生的批判性思维水平。背景:护理教育应跟上技术进步和医疗保健变革的步伐。教师在规划课程和临床经验时应考虑学生的不同学习需求。作为循证实践指导卫生保健,所以应该指导护理教育工作者选择教学和学习活动。教育工作者可能会明智地考虑那些被证明能充分培养学生成为安全有效的初级护士的策略。方法:学生的批判性思维将通过hesi前和hesi后的专业考试来衡量,该考试旨在衡量学生的批判性思维能力。学习成果结果:学生在30个批判性思维类别中有23/30(73%)超过全国平均水平,在HESI批判性思维考试中有5/5个批判性思维领域达到可接受或推荐水平。结论:HESI批判性思维测试的结果表明,学生成功地发展了批判性思维,综合数据来指导临床决策,并展示了情境化判断和推理。
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引用次数: 2
Developing Fundamental Perioperative Nursing Educational Program of Robotic Assisted Surgeries 机器人辅助手术围手术期基础护理教育计划的制定
Pub Date : 2017-07-10 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000185
M. Yu
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引用次数: 2
Awareness and Use of Antenatal Care Services among Women in Edu LGA, Kwara State, Nigeria 尼日利亚夸拉州埃杜LGA妇女对产前护理服务的认识和使用
Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000184
U. N. Jibril
Objective: This study determines knowledge and utilization of antenatal care services among women in Edu Local Government Area, Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. Two research questions were answered and one hypothesis was tested in this study. Methods: Researchers' designed questionnaire was used for data collection and a split-half test of reliability was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Four hundred and eighty women of childbearing age were purposively sampled for the study. The results were analyzed using frequency and percentages to answer research questions. The t-test was used to test hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. Result: The findings showed that women of childbearing age have very high knowledge and utilization of some antenatal care services, but demonstrated poor willingness to report pregnancy related problems and noncompletion of routine immunization schedules in Edu Local Government Area. Conclusion: Based on the findings, this study concludes that that there is a significant difference between knowledge and utilization of Antenatal care services among WCA in Edu LGA., however, women in Edu LGA have poor willingness to report early pregnancy related problems and non-completion of immunization schedules at the health centers as this pose a challenge and threat to both lives of the pregnant Woman and her unborn baby.
目的:本研究确定尼日利亚埃杜地方政府地区妇女对产前保健服务的了解和利用情况。本研究采用描述性横断面研究设计。本研究回答了两个研究问题,并检验了一个假设。方法:采用研究人员设计的问卷进行数据收集,并采用信度的分半检验来确定仪器的信度。有目的地对四百八十名育龄妇女进行抽样研究。使用回答研究问题的频率和百分比对结果进行分析。t检验用于检验0.05显著性水平的假设。结果:研究结果表明,在埃杜地方政府地区,育龄妇女对一些产前保健服务有很高的了解和利用率,但对报告妊娠相关问题和未完成常规免疫计划的意愿较差。结论:根据研究结果,本研究得出结论,Edu LGA的WCA对产前护理服务的了解和利用存在显著差异。,然而,Edu LGA的妇女不愿意报告与早孕相关的问题,也不愿意在卫生中心完成免疫接种计划,因为这对孕妇及其未出生婴儿的生命构成了挑战和威胁。
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引用次数: 3
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Self Administration of Insulin Injection among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Diabetic Clinic of Primary Health Centre at Alnamas 评估Alnamas初级保健中心糖尿病门诊糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素知识的描述性研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-28 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000183
X. B. N. Sajai
Worldwide diabetes is widely recognized as one of the leading causes of death and disability. According to the latest WHO data published in April 2011 Diabetes Mellitus Deaths in Saudi Arabia reached 5,870 or 6.74% of total deaths. The impact of the disease on the patient, family and the community psychologically and physically is staggering. So I selected this study, to Assess The knowledge regarding self administration of insulin injection among diabetes mellitus patients in diabetic clinic of primary health centre, with the objectives to assess the knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients regarding self-administration of insulin injection and to find the association between the knowledge and selected demographic variables. The hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of significance. There will be significant association between levels of knowledge with selected demographic variables. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Orem's self-care model each individual has an innate ability to care for oneself, it is a theoretical model which values individual responsibility and believes in health education as key aspect of nursing intervention. This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge on self-administration of insulin injection among diabetes mellitus patients. The study was conducted in diabetes mellitus patient in diabetic clinic of Primary Health Centre, Alnamas. 20 diabetes mellitus patient on insulin therapy were selected by convenient sampling method. Researcher's convenience and familiarity with settings were added reason. The tools used for data collection is a structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of the diabetes mellitus patients regarding selfadministration of insulin injection. The study reveals that 12 participants (60%) are having good knowledge regarding self-administration of insulin injection, 6 participants (30%) are having average knowledge regarding selfadministration of insulin injection and 2 participants (10%) are having poor knowledge regarding self-administration of insulin injection.
全世界糖尿病被广泛认为是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。根据世界卫生组织2011年4月公布的最新数据,沙特阿拉伯糖尿病死亡人数达到5870人,占总死亡人数的6.74%。这种疾病对患者、家庭和社区的心理和身体影响是惊人的。因此,我选择了这项研究,以评估初级卫生中心糖尿病诊所糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素的知识,目的是评估糖尿病患者对自我注射胰岛素知识的了解,并找出这些知识与所选人口统计学变量之间的关联。该假设将在0.05的显著性水平上进行检验。知识水平与选定的人口统计变量之间存在显著关联。本研究的概念框架基于Orem的自我护理模型,每个人都有天生的照顾自己的能力,这是一个重视个人责任并认为健康教育是护理干预的关键方面的理论模型。本研究旨在评估糖尿病患者自我注射胰岛素的知识。这项研究是在Alnamas初级卫生中心糖尿病诊所对糖尿病患者进行的。采用方便抽样的方法,选取20例正在接受胰岛素治疗的糖尿病患者。研究人员的便利性和对环境的熟悉是另一个原因。用于数据收集的工具是一份结构化问卷,用于评估糖尿病患者对自我注射胰岛素的了解。研究表明,12名参与者(60%)对胰岛素注射的自我管理有很好的了解,6名参与者(30%)对胰岛素注射液的自我管理了解一般,2名参与者(10%)对胰岛素注射剂的自我管理知之甚少。
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引用次数: 1
Commentary on Lifestyle Interventions Are Feasible in Patients with Colorectal Cancer with Potential Short-Term Health Benefits 生活方式干预对癌症大肠癌患者可行的评论,具有潜在的短期健康益处
Pub Date : 2017-06-15 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000181
S. Moug, A. Bryce, N. Mutrie, Annie S. Anderson
Purpose Lifestyle interventions have been proposed to improve cancer survivorship in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but with treatment pathways becoming increasingly multi-modal and prolonged, opportunities for interventions may be limited. This systematic review assessed the evidence for the feasibility of performing lifestyle interventions in CRC patients and evaluated any short- and long-term health benefits. Methods Using PRISMA Guidelines, selected keywords identified randomised controlled studies (RCTs) of lifestyle interventions [smoking, alcohol, physical activity (PA) and diet/excess body weight] in CRC patients. These electronic databases were searched in June 2015: Dynamed, Cochrane Database, OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, and PEDro. Results Fourteen RCTs were identified: PA RCTs ( n = 10) consisted mainly of telephone-prompted walking or cycling interventions of varied durations, predominately in adjuvant setting; dietary/excess weight interventions RCTs ( n = 4) focused on low-fat and/or high-fibre diets within a multimodal lifestyle intervention. There were no reported RCTs in smoking or alcohol cessation/reduction. PA and/or die-tary/excess weight interventions reported variable recruitment rates, but good adherence and retention/follow-up rates, leading to short-term improvements in dietary quality, physical, psychological and quality-of-life parameters. Only one study assessed long-term follow-up, finding significantly improved cancer-specific survival after dietary intervention. Conclusions This is the first systematic review on lifestyle interventions in patients with CRC finding these interventions to be feasible with improvements in short-term health. Future work should focus on defining the optimal type of intervention (type, duration, timing and intensity) that not only leads to improved short-term outcomes but also assesses long-term survival. randomised factors, overall
目的已提出生活方式干预措施来提高癌症(CRC)患者的癌症生存率,但随着治疗途径日益多样化和延长,干预的机会可能有限。这项系统综述评估了对CRC患者进行生活方式干预的可行性证据,并评估了任何短期和长期健康益处。方法使用PRISMA指南,选定的关键词确定了CRC患者生活方式干预[吸烟、饮酒、体育活动(PA)和饮食/超重]的随机对照研究(RCT)。这些电子数据库于2015年6月检索:Dynamed、Cochrane数据库、OVID MEDLINE、OVID EMBASE和PEDro。结果确定了14项随机对照试验:PA随机对照试验(n=10)主要包括不同持续时间的电话提示步行或骑自行车干预,主要在辅助环境中;饮食/超重干预随机对照试验(n=4)侧重于多模式生活方式干预中的低脂和/或高纤维饮食。没有关于戒烟或减少饮酒的随机对照试验报告。PA和/或死亡/超重干预报告称,招募率可变,但依从性和保留/随访率良好,导致饮食质量、身体、心理和生活质量参数的短期改善。只有一项研究评估了长期随访,发现饮食干预后癌症特异性生存率显著提高。结论这是首次对CRC患者的生活方式干预进行系统综述,发现这些干预措施在改善短期健康方面是可行的。未来的工作应侧重于确定最佳干预类型(类型、持续时间、时间和强度),不仅能改善短期结果,还能评估长期生存率。随机因素,总体
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引用次数: 0
A commentary on a systematic review protocol and commentary on cervical cancer prevention in HIV‐seropositive women from developing countries 关于发展中国家HIV血清阳性妇女宫颈癌预防的系统评价方案和评论
Pub Date : 2017-06-15 DOI: 10.4172/2471-9846.1000180
Witness Mapanga, S. Feresu, T. Chipato
Witness Mapanga1,2*, Shingairai A Feresu1,2 and Tsungai Chipato3 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, 5-10 H.W. Snyman Building, Pretoria, South Africa 2College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe-University of California, San Francisco, USA 3Collaborative Research Programme, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe *Corresponding author: Witness Mapanga, MPH, Ph.D., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, 5-10 H.W. Snyman Building, Pretoria, South Africa, Tel: +263775142253; E-mail: witnessmapanga@yahoo.co.uk
见证Mapanga1,2*,Shingairai A Feresu1,2和Tsungai Chipato3比勒陀利亚大学卫生系统与公共卫生学院流行病学和生物统计学系,南非比勒陀利亚H.W.Snyman大楼5-10号2津巴布韦大学-加利福尼亚大学健康科学学院,美国旧金山3津巴布韦大学合作研究计划,津巴布韦哈拉雷*通讯作者:见证人Mapanga,公共卫生硕士,博士,比勒陀利亚大学卫生系统与公共卫生学院流行病学和生物统计学系,南非比勒陀利亚H.W.Snyman大厦5-10号,电话:+26377514253;电子邮件:witnessmapanga@yahoo.co.uk
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of community & public health nursing
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