Mindfulness & compassion最新文献

Both researchers on mindfulness, as well as proponents of therapy modalities that incorporate mindfulness-based skill building, typically conceptualize the stress reducing benefits of mindfulness primarily to its ability to modulate maladaptive cognitive or attentional patterns. Naïve dialecticalism (i.e., a less synthesized and integrated tolerance of apparently contradictory or ambivalent beliefs) represents an approach to cognition that is associated with greater self-criticism and inconsistency within one's global self-concept and is thus theorized to be negatively related to mindfulness. The present study investigated whether the beneficial effects of mindfulness on cognition (i.e., lower levels of naïve dialectical thinking) are in fact accounted for via the beneficial effects of mindfulness on one's relationships (i.e., enhanced perceptions of adult attachment security). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that adult attachment security in fact fully mediated the negative relationship between naïve dialectical thinking and mindfulness. These results highlight an understanding of mindfulness meditation as a practice that cultivates not only harmonious affect and cognition, but also harmonious relationships with others.

This study examined the factor structure and reliability of the seven item and eight item mindfulness process questionnaire (MPQ). The MPQ differs from other psychological measures of mindfulness in that it quantifies the process of being mindful, rather than mindfulness as a state. Cronbach's alphas were examined across and within to determine the overall reliability of the MPQ. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized to assess the factor structure of the seven item and eight item MPQ. The results indicated that two items lowered the overall reliability; item seven and item two from the eight item MPQ, and item two from the seven item MPQ. The EFA suggested a two factor structure with the seven item MPQ and a three factor structure for the eight item MPQ.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was the validation of two instruments: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) in a non-clinical Portuguese sample.

Methods

Participants were 168 undergraduates (123 women), aged 18–50 years old (M = 22; SD = 5.94). Participants answered the following instruments: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R); Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS); Portuguese version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale; and Separation/Individuation Process Inventory.

Results

The factorial analysis for the CAMS-R yielded a 9-items one factor with adequate internal consistency (.76). For PHLMS, the results showed a clear two-factor structure with exactly the same structure as the original version, and with adequate internal consistencies: awareness (.77) and acceptance (.85). The quality of mindfulness (CAMS-R) was positively correlated with awareness and acceptance (PHLMS), and negatively with self-differentiation (more problematic) and alexithymia.

Conclusion

Both instruments seem to present adequate psychometric properties to be used in the Portuguese population.

Introduction

Lucid Dreaming, as a specific phenomenon of Conscious Sleep, is a field of growing scientific interest, and appears to be related to the practice of meditation and the development of mindfulness. The aim of this article is to carry out a review of any studies that present evidence of this relationship.

Method

A review was performed on scientific articles in the PubMed data base, of each one of the fields of interest. The review also included articles published in the International Journal of Dream Research, as well as the analysis of the literature references included in the articles selected.

Results

The review included 16 articles that contained information on the neurological or psychological foundations common to the field of interest.

Conclusions

Although the data showed that there is a link between mindfulness and lucid dreaming, more studies are needed to help confirm this relationship.

A meta-theoretical analysis is presented of the embodied mind concept as it was described by Francisco Varela. In order to do this, a description is also provided of the meaning of the concept, considering the context in which this concept appears and in particular, paying attention to the concerns and needs that Varela was trying to answer when he defended and include this concept in the theoretical discussion.

A meta-theoretical analysis was then performed, reviewing some of the ontological and epistemological principles on which the embodied mind approach is based. From this analysis, a thesis was proposed that considers the contribution, ambiguities and limitations that the concept presents, showing the need to include the social dimension (explicitly including the second person dimension) and proposing this as an alternative perspective of relational-enaction.

Mindfulness could be understood as a form of stress reduction. As such, it could be an important and critical target for the treatment of emotional distress, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this article is to describe the proposed conceptual framework of mindfulness, and the processes involved in the development of an initial pool of 26 items, as well as its content validity to assess the constructs of mindfulness and equanimity in the adult population of Spanish speaking countries. To estimate the content validity of the measurement tool, the authors defined and established the conceptual framework of mindfulness skills by undertaking a scientific literature review, as well as pursuing expert opinion from scientists and mindfulness clinicians in Spain and several Latin American countries. Seventeen experts agreed to review and rate the original 26 items list to ensure its consistency with the conceptual framework proposed, and based on their clarity, relevance and coherence. The Aiken's V coefficient of inter-rater agreement, with confidence intervals, was used to estimate the content validity of the items. The results indicate that 21 items had statistically significant V coefficients as regards the minimum Aiken's criteria (0.60). In essence, the results enable us to conclude that the experts had a high opinion of the construct conceptual framework proposed in our study.