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Experimental dermatophytosis in mice: correlation between light and electron microscopic changes in primary, secondary and chronic infections. 小鼠实验性皮肤真菌病:原发性、继发性和慢性感染的光镜和电镜变化的相关性。
R J Hay, R A Calderon, C D Mackenzie

The histopathological and electron microscopic features of experimental dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton quinckeanum in Balb/c mice have been studied in animals with primary, secondary and chronic infections. Infected animals all showed pathological changes with adherence of microconidia to keratinocytes within 4 h of infection. Other features were the early infiltration of neutrophils, the formation of a mycelial mass (scutulum) in the epidermis, and epidermal oedema. Increased thickness of the epidermis was measured within 3 days of infection, although this was mainly due to oedema. The main differences seen in secondary infections were the paucity of fungal elements, even after 24 h, a sustained increase in epidermal thickness, and the dense dermal infiltrate of mononuclear cells. Chronically infected animals showed similar changes to those at the peak of a primary infection, but in addition there were large numbers of mast cells in the dermis. Cells carrying Ia markers were identified in the epidermis (Langerhans cells) and the dermis (macrophages) in all infections and their distribution did not appear to change. Although recovery from infection has been correlated previously with T lymphocyte mediated responses an increase in the number of cell layers of the epidermis and a dense infiltrate of neutrophils at the zone of infection were both seen within 2 days of infection. It is suggested that neutrophil killing of fungi and increased epidermal proliferation, not dependent on T cell activation, may also be implicated in host defence against dermatophytes.

本文研究了Balb/c小鼠皮肤毛癣菌(Trichophyton quinckeanum)原发、继发和慢性感染的组织病理学和电镜特征。感染动物在感染后4小时内均出现微分生孢子附着于角质形成细胞的病理变化。其他特征是早期中性粒细胞浸润,表皮形成菌丝团(胸膜),表皮水肿。感染后3天内测量到表皮厚度增加,尽管这主要是由于水肿。继发性感染的主要差异是真菌成分的缺乏,即使在24小时后,表皮厚度持续增加,真皮致密浸润单核细胞。慢性感染的动物表现出与原发性感染高峰期相似的变化,但除此之外,真皮中还有大量肥大细胞。在所有感染的表皮(朗格汉斯细胞)和真皮(巨噬细胞)中都发现了携带Ia标记的细胞,它们的分布似乎没有改变。虽然感染后的恢复与T淋巴细胞介导的反应有关,但在感染后2天内,表皮细胞层数增加,感染区中性粒细胞密集浸润。这表明,中性粒细胞杀死真菌和增加表皮增殖,不依赖于T细胞活化,也可能涉及宿主对皮肤真菌的防御。
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引用次数: 0
Reversible myocardial damage in gerbil brain ischaemia and its prevention by beta-adrenergic blockade. 沙鼠脑缺血的可逆性心肌损伤及其β -肾上腺素能阻断的预防。
A Kolin, A Brezina, J A Kellen, A J Lewis, J W Norris

Acute cerebral infarction in gerbils, produced by unilateral carotid ligation, was used as a model to investigate secondary myocardial changes. The extent of the myocardial damage revealed by succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) histochemistry and by release of myocardial creatine phosphokinase (MB-CK) was measured in gerbils sacrificed from 3 to 48 h after either carotid ligation, carotid isolation only or skin incision only. For technical reasons dead animals were excluded from analysis. Of surviving ligated animals 74% developed neurological deficits related to brain ischaemia. A significant weight increase in the ipsilateral hemisphere was found at 6-10 h, and maximal histological damage at 16 h, both partially reversible thereafter. Non-ligated animals did not develop neurological changes, and showed neither brain swelling nor cerebral histopathology. Extensive cardiac damage was shown by the SDH method from 3 h postoperatively, and confirmed by the elevated serum levels of MB-CK in the carotid-ligated group. The SDH changes were identical with those described in the hearts of patients with acute intracranial lesions, and appeared to be reversible. The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade was assessed in this model. Metoprolol tartrate injected intraperitoneally 3 h before and 1 h after carotid ligation (10 mg/kg each dose) significantly decreased the extent of myocardial damage as estimated both with SDH histochemistry and MB-CK serum levels. It had no effect on the ischaemic brain changes. These results strongly support the concept of catecholamine mediation of myocardial injury resulting from acute brain lesions.

以沙鼠单侧颈动脉结扎引起的急性脑梗死为模型,研究其继发性心肌改变。采用琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)组织化学和心肌肌酸磷酸激酶(MB-CK)释放法测定沙鼠在颈动脉结扎、颈动脉隔离和皮肤切开后3 ~ 48 h处死的心肌损伤程度。由于技术原因,死亡动物被排除在分析之外。存活的结扎动物中,74%出现与脑缺血相关的神经功能缺损。6-10 h时同侧半球体重显著增加,16 h时组织学损伤最大,此后两者部分可逆。未结扎的动物没有出现神经系统的变化,也没有出现脑肿胀和脑组织病理学。术后3h的SDH法显示广泛的心脏损伤,颈动脉结扎组血清MB-CK水平升高证实了这一点。SDH变化与急性颅内病变患者的心脏相同,并且似乎是可逆的。在该模型中评估β -肾上腺素能阻断的效果。颈动脉结扎前3小时和结扎后1小时腹腔注射酒石酸美托洛尔(每次剂量10 mg/kg),通过SDH组织化学和MB-CK血清水平均可显著降低心肌损伤程度。它对缺血性脑变化没有影响。这些结果有力地支持儿茶酚胺介导急性脑损伤引起的心肌损伤的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial myopathy in rats fed with a diet containing beta-guanidine propionic acid, an inhibitor of creatine entry in muscle cells. 喂食含有β -胍丙酸(一种肌酸进入肌肉细胞的抑制剂)的饮食的大鼠线粒体肌病。
Z Gori, V De Tata, M Pollera, E Bergamini

In rats with phosphoryl-creatine depletion (fed a standard Randoin-Causeret diet containing 1% beta-guanidine propionic acid) abnormal mitochondria were observed in slow skeletal muscles, often containing paracrystalline inclusions very like those induced by ischaemia or mitochondrial poisons and in human mitochondrial myopathy.

在磷酸肌酸耗竭的大鼠中(喂食含有1% β -胍-丙酸的标准randain - causeret饮食),在缓慢骨骼肌中观察到异常的线粒体,通常含有与缺血或线粒体中毒和人类线粒体肌病非常相似的副晶内含物。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of a toxin from Bacteroides ureolyticus on the mucosal epithelium of human and bovine oviducts. 解尿杆菌毒素对人和牛输卵管粘膜上皮的影响。
E A Fontaine, J B Clark, D Abeck, D Taylor-Robinson

Bacteria-free filtrates of nine strains of Bacteroides ureolyticus, most of which had been isolated from the urethra of men with non-gonococcal urethritis, damaged the mucosal epithelium of human fallopian tube and bovine oviduct organ cultures. The damage, pronounced after three days, was manifested by loss of ciliary activity. Histological observations, supported by scanning electron microscopy, showed that this loss was due to disruption of the epithelia with sloughing of cells. It is likely that the inhibitory activity of the filtrates was due to endotoxin since lipopolysaccharides extracted from the bacteria had a similar deleterious effect on oviduct mucosal epithelia. It is speculated that B. ureolyticus has the potential for causing damage to the urethral mucosa by the same mechanism.

从非淋球菌性尿道炎患者尿道中分离到的9株解尿拟杆菌的无细菌滤液破坏了人输卵管和牛输卵管器官培养物的粘膜上皮。三天后出现的损伤表现为睫状体活动丧失。在扫描电镜的支持下,组织学观察显示,这种损失是由于上皮细胞脱落造成的。滤液的抑制活性可能是由于内毒素,因为从细菌中提取的脂多糖对输卵管粘膜上皮具有类似的有害作用。推测溶脲芽胞杆菌也可能通过相同的机制对尿道粘膜造成损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrastructural studies of a lysosomal enzyme during lymphocyte activation. 淋巴细胞活化过程中溶酶体酶的超微结构研究。
G Bou-Gharios, J Moss, D Abraham, T Partridge, I Olsen

A post-embedding immunogold technique has been used for the ultrastructural localization of a lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase, in resting and activated T- and B-lymphocytes. The results presented here show that mitogen-induced stimulation of T- and B-cells was associated with an increase in the amount of enzyme in the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum, organelles which were rarely present in the resting lymphocytes.

在静止和活化的T淋巴细胞和b淋巴细胞中,采用包埋后免疫金技术对溶酶体酶-葡糖苷酶进行超微结构定位。本研究结果显示,有丝分裂原诱导的T细胞和b细胞刺激与高尔基复合体和粗内质网中酶的数量增加有关,这些细胞器在静息淋巴细胞中很少存在。
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引用次数: 0
The expression of MHC antigens on cultured oral keratinocytes and relationship to malignancy. 培养口腔角化细胞MHC抗原的表达及其与恶性肿瘤的关系。
I J Crane, S Q Rice, J Luker, L de Gay, C Scully, S S Prime

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression has been postulated to have an important role in host defences against tumour development. In this study the expression of MHC class I and class II antigens in vitro, both constitutive and in response to interferon gamma (IFN gamma), was examined in a series of cell lines established from a rat model of oral carcinogenesis. Constitutive expression of MHC class I and class II antigens was not related to the degree of malignancy of the cell lines, as reflected by their anchorage independence in agarose gels and their capacity to form tumours in athymic mice. MHC class I response to IFN gamma stimulation did not correlate with tumorigenicity, but the MHC class II response was significantly decreased in one of the four tumorigenic cell lines. The results show that the expression of MHC antigens in response to IFN gamma varied between different keratinocyte cell lines but did not consistently reflect the tumorigenic phenotype.

主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)抗原表达被认为在宿主防御肿瘤发展中起重要作用。在这项研究中,我们在大鼠口腔癌模型中建立的一系列细胞系中检测了MHC I类和II类抗原的体外表达,包括构成型抗原和对干扰素γ (IFN γ)的反应。MHC I类和II类抗原的组成性表达与细胞系的恶性程度无关,这反映在它们在琼脂糖凝胶中的锚定独立性和它们在胸腺小鼠中形成肿瘤的能力上。对IFN γ刺激的MHC I类反应与致瘤性无关,但在四种致瘤细胞系中有一种MHC II类反应显著降低。结果表明,MHC抗原对IFN γ的表达在不同的角质形成细胞系之间有所不同,但并不一致地反映致瘤表型。
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引用次数: 0
Increased nerve polyol levels in experimental diabetes and their reversal by Sorbinil. 实验性糖尿病患者神经多元醇水平升高及山梨醇的逆转作用。
P H Whiting, I S Ross

Sciatic nerve glucose, sorbitol, fructose and myo-inositol levels were measured over a 24-week period in rats made diabetic using a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 45 mg kg-1 body weight. In addition, the effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor Sorbinil (Pfizer Ltd) at 25 mg kg-1 day-1 in reversing the accumulation of nerve polyols following 8 weeks of diabetes was investigated. Following induction of diabetes 47, 471 and 456% increases and a 43% decrease in sciatic nerve glucose, sorbitol, fructose and myo-inositol concentrations (mumol g-1 wet weight) respectively, were observed by day 14. Over the remainder of the experimental course untreated diabetic control animals demonstrated relatively consistent elevations in sciatic nerve glucose, sorbitol and fructose. Although a significant, progressive reduction in sciatic nerve myo-inositol to 30% of onset values was observed over the first 84 days of the study, this was followed by a spontaneous partial recovery (31%) over the remainder of the experimental course. However, sciatic nerve myo-inositol levels at the end of the study were still significantly lower than onset values (P less than 0.01). Sorbinil treatment, initiated after 8 weeks of diabetes, and without effect on sciatic nerve glucose levels, normalized sorbitol concentrations following 4, 8, or 12 weeks of treatment but only partially reversed the accumulation of fructose by 368, 161 and 199%, compared to age-matched non-diabetic control values, at the above times, respectively. Mean myo-inositol levels were progressively increased following Sorbinil treatment over the experimental period, although the increase was only significant, compared to results from untreated diabetic animals, at weeks 4 and 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

以45 mg kg-1体重单次腹腔注射链脲唑菌素致糖尿病大鼠,在24周内测量其坐骨神经葡萄糖、山梨醇、果糖和肌醇水平。此外,还研究了醛糖还原酶抑制剂Sorbinil(辉瑞公司)25 mg kg-1 day-1对糖尿病患者8周后神经多元醇积累的逆转作用。诱导糖尿病后,第14天观察到坐骨神经葡萄糖、山梨醇、果糖和肌醇浓度(mumol g-1湿重)分别增加47,471和456%和43%。在剩余的实验过程中,未经治疗的糖尿病对照动物表现出相对一致的坐骨神经葡萄糖、山梨醇和果糖升高。尽管在研究的前84天观察到坐骨神经肌醇显著地逐渐降低至初始值的30%,但随后在实验过程的剩余时间内自发部分恢复(31%)。然而,研究结束时坐骨神经肌醇水平仍显著低于发病值(P < 0.01)。山梨糖醇治疗在糖尿病患者8周后开始,对坐骨神经葡萄糖水平没有影响,在治疗4周、8周或12周后山梨糖醇浓度正常化,但在上述时间,与年龄匹配的非糖尿病控制值相比,仅部分逆转了果糖的积累,分别减少了368%、161%和199%。在整个实验期间,山梨醇治疗后,平均肌醇水平逐渐升高,尽管在第4周和第16周,与未治疗的糖尿病动物相比,这种升高是显著的。(摘要删节250字)
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引用次数: 0
Biochemical nature and cellular origin of amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) as determined by anti-AEF antibody. 淀粉样蛋白增强因子(AEF)的生化性质及细胞来源
K Alizadeh-Khiavi, Z Ali-Khan

Low ionic strength acidic buffer, Sephadex G-200 and Benzamidine-Sepharose (BZ) gel chromatography, have been used for the partial purification of alveolar hydatid cyst (AHC) induced amyloid enhancing factor (AEF). BZ-gel bound AEF (AEF-BZ) demonstrated AEF activity in the mouse bioassay, proteolytic activity against Hide powder azure showed two major and three minor peptides on SDS-PAGE. Pretreatment of AEF-BZ with 10 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride or 20 mM p-chloromercuribenzoic acid completely abolished its bioactivity in vivo and proteolytic activity in vitro. Polyclonal anti-AEF antibody (AAA) was generated which on passive transfer into mice completely abolished the bioactivity of both casein-induced, or AHC-induced AEF. The AAA absorbed on Sepharose gel conjugated to normal mouse serum developed one common precipitin band between AE and AEF-positive sera from AHC-infected and old retired mice and in immunostaining it bound to the cytoplasmic granular components of a majority of splenic and peritoneal leucocytes from AHC-infected mice. In contrast, only a few normal mouse leucocytes showed positive staining. We suggest that AEF, in all probability, is a serine/thiol protease of leucocyte origin whose intracellular and humoral concentrations increase significantly during amyloidosis. The role of lysosomal proteases and anti-AEF antibody which has been successfully generated for the first time is discussed with reference to the origin of AEF and its presumed biological function in amyloidogenesis.

采用低离子强度酸性缓冲液Sephadex G-200和Benzamidine-Sepharose (BZ)凝胶层析对肺泡包虫囊肿(AHC)诱导的淀粉样蛋白增强因子(AEF)进行了部分纯化。bz -凝胶结合的AEF (AEF- bz)在小鼠生物实验中显示出AEF活性,SDS-PAGE显示对Hide powder blue的蛋白水解活性为2个主要肽段和3个次要肽段。用10 mM苯基甲基磺酰氟或20 mM对氯苯苯甲酸预处理AEF-BZ,使其体内生物活性和体外蛋白水解活性完全丧失。产生抗AEF多克隆抗体(AAA),该抗体经被动转移到小鼠体内,完全消除酪蛋白诱导或ahc诱导的AEF的生物活性。与正常小鼠血清结合的Sepharose凝胶吸收的AAA在ahc感染小鼠和老年退休小鼠的AE和aef阳性血清中形成一条共同的沉淀带,免疫染色显示,它与ahc感染小鼠的大多数脾和腹膜白细胞的细胞质颗粒组分结合。相反,只有少数正常小鼠白细胞呈阳性染色。我们认为AEF很可能是一种源自白细胞的丝氨酸/硫醇蛋白酶,其在淀粉样变期间细胞内和体液浓度显著增加。本文讨论了溶酶体蛋白酶和首次成功制备的抗AEF抗体的作用,以及AEF的起源及其在淀粉样蛋白形成中的生物学功能。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative histological analysis of antigen-induced arthritis in the rabbit. 兔抗原性关节炎的定量组织学分析。
J C Edwards, N Read, B Trefty, J Coulstock, B Henderson

Antigen-induced arthritis in the rabbit (AIAR) provides the closest experimental equivalent to human rheumatoid arthritis in terms of infiltration of synovial tissue by lymphoid cells. A method is described for quantitative histological analysis of AIAR. Measurements of total cell numbers, lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration, and thickness of infiltrated synovium were obtained for ranges of antigen dosage and duration of arthritis. The method has been devised as part of a system for the analysis of joint swelling, synovial fluid biochemistry and cytology, cartilage proteoglycan chemistry and synovial histology on the same specimen.

就淋巴样细胞浸润滑膜组织而言,兔抗原诱导关节炎(AIAR)提供了最接近人类类风湿关节炎的实验。本文描述了一种定量组织学分析的方法。测量细胞总数,淋巴细胞和多形核白细胞浸润,浸润滑膜厚度,抗原剂量范围和关节炎持续时间。该方法已被设计为一个系统的一部分,用于分析关节肿胀,滑膜液生物化学和细胞学,软骨蛋白聚糖化学和滑膜组织学上的同一标本。
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引用次数: 0
Fibrinolysis by rat mesothelial cells in vitro: the effect of mineral dusts at non-toxic doses. 体外大鼠间皮细胞纤维蛋白溶解:无毒性剂量矿物粉尘的作用。
K Donaldson, G M Brown, R E Bolton, J M Davis

Rat mesothelial cell cultures were shown to have considerable plasminogen dependent and independent fibrinolytic activity in vitro using an 125I fibrin degradation assay. At non-toxic doses of the mineral dusts titanium dioxide, quartz and crocidolite asbestos, as assessed by 51Cr release, the fibrinolytic activity of mesothelial cells was inhibited. Quartz had the greatest inhibitory effect and crocidolite asbestos had the least. These results suggests that inhibition of mesothelial cell fibrinolysis does not, on its own, explain pleural fibrosis due to toxic mineral dusts.

大鼠间皮细胞培养显示出相当大的纤溶酶原依赖和独立的纤溶活性,在体外使用125I纤维蛋白降解试验。在无毒性剂量的二氧化钛、石英和石棉矿物粉尘中,通过51Cr释放评估,间皮细胞的纤溶活性受到抑制。石英的抑制作用最大,而石棉的抑制作用最小。这些结果表明,间皮细胞纤维蛋白溶解的抑制本身并不能解释由有毒矿物粉尘引起的胸膜纤维化。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
British journal of experimental pathology
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