Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.24966/TAP-7752/100004
A. Studer, C. J. Kahn, A. Loundou, K. Chaumoitre, S. Berdah, R. Denis, C. Brunet, T. Bège
Purpose Analysis of influence of anthropomorphometry, splenic variability and crash’s circumstances on the severity of splenic injury. Methods Seventy-seven patients with blunt splenic trauma had a tomodensitometry at time of admission. Localisation, type, and lesion’s severity (AAST classification), were determined. Severe splenic lesion was defined by: Grade 4 or 5, lesion of entire parenchyma, or fracture. Three-dimensional splenic segmentation allowed calculation of volume, orientation (colatitude and azimuth), morphometry, morphology and span of hilar vessels. Anthropometric parameters were: Age, gender, BMI, and morphotype. Relationships between spleen, stomach, liver and 10th left rib were detailed. Results In univariate analysis, splenic parameters for a severer lesion were: Orientation of hilar side turned towards vertebral column (azimuth, p=0.05), spread conformation of hilar vessels (p=0.10), and high splenic volume (p=0.06). The younger the patient, the more severe was the splenic lesion (p=0.07). A full stomach and a left liver overflowing in the left hypochondrium, were associated with low gravity splenic lesion, (p=0.02 and p=0.03). In multivariable analysis, injured patients whose hilar area was vertically oriented, were more at risk of severe splenic lesion (OR=0.92, 95% CI (0.85-0.99), p=0.02). An abdominal-shaped liver was associated with low gravity splenic lesion (OR= 0.13, 95% CI (0.02-0.93), p=0.04). Conclusions Topographic and morphologic variability of the spleen condition its vulnerability in trauma cases. Using this analysis and the biomechanical behaviour of splenic tissue will allow for the creation of a splenic numerical model, and its integration in the virtual human scientific application of modern traumatology.
目的分析人体形态、脾脏变异性及碰撞情况对脾损伤严重程度的影响。方法对77例钝性脾外伤患者在入院时进行断层密度测定。确定定位、类型和病变严重程度(AAST分级)。脾严重病变的定义为:4级或5级，整个实质病变或骨折。脾三维分割可以计算脾门血管的体积、方位(经度和方位角)、形态、形态和跨度。人体测量参数为:年龄、性别、BMI和形态。详细分析了脾、胃、肝与左第10肋的关系。结果在单因素分析中，严重病变的脾参数为:门侧朝向脊柱方向(方位角，p=0.05)，门侧血管展布构象(p=0.10)，脾体积高(p=0.06)。患者年龄越小，脾损害越严重(p=0.07)。胃满和左肝在左肋部溢满与低重量性脾损害相关(p=0.02和p=0.03)。在多变量分析中，门区垂直方向的损伤患者发生严重脾损害的风险更高(OR=0.92, 95% CI (0.85 ~ 0.99)， p=0.02)。腹部型肝与低重量性脾损害相关(OR= 0.13, 95% CI (0.02-0.93)， p=0.04)。结论脾脏的地形和形态变化决定了其在创伤病例中的易损性。利用这种分析和脾脏组织的生物力学行为将允许创建脾脏数值模型，并将其整合到现代创伤学的虚拟人体科学应用中。
{"title":"Contribution of Three-Dimensional Reconstructions from CT-Scan for Assessing the Factors Associated with Blunt Splenic Injury Severity","authors":"A. Studer, C. J. Kahn, A. Loundou, K. Chaumoitre, S. Berdah, R. Denis, C. Brunet, T. Bège","doi":"10.24966/TAP-7752/100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/TAP-7752/100004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Analysis of influence of anthropomorphometry, splenic variability and crash’s circumstances on the severity of splenic injury. Methods Seventy-seven patients with blunt splenic trauma had a tomodensitometry at time of admission. Localisation, type, and lesion’s severity (AAST classification), were determined. Severe splenic lesion was defined by: Grade 4 or 5, lesion of entire parenchyma, or fracture. Three-dimensional splenic segmentation allowed calculation of volume, orientation (colatitude and azimuth), morphometry, morphology and span of hilar vessels. Anthropometric parameters were: Age, gender, BMI, and morphotype. Relationships between spleen, stomach, liver and 10th left rib were detailed. Results In univariate analysis, splenic parameters for a severer lesion were: Orientation of hilar side turned towards vertebral column (azimuth, p=0.05), spread conformation of hilar vessels (p=0.10), and high splenic volume (p=0.06). The younger the patient, the more severe was the splenic lesion (p=0.07). A full stomach and a left liver overflowing in the left hypochondrium, were associated with low gravity splenic lesion, (p=0.02 and p=0.03). In multivariable analysis, injured patients whose hilar area was vertically oriented, were more at risk of severe splenic lesion (OR=0.92, 95% CI (0.85-0.99), p=0.02). An abdominal-shaped liver was associated with low gravity splenic lesion (OR= 0.13, 95% CI (0.02-0.93), p=0.04). Conclusions Topographic and morphologic variability of the spleen condition its vulnerability in trauma cases. Using this analysis and the biomechanical behaviour of splenic tissue will allow for the creation of a splenic numerical model, and its integration in the virtual human scientific application of modern traumatology.","PeriodicalId":92641,"journal":{"name":"HSOA trends in anatomy and physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78423204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-23DOI: 10.24966/tap-7752/100005
F. Mendoza-Moreno
{"title":"What do we know about Amyand Hernia? Report of Two Cases","authors":"F. Mendoza-Moreno","doi":"10.24966/tap-7752/100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tap-7752/100005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":92641,"journal":{"name":"HSOA trends in anatomy and physiology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87405590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01Epub Date: 2018-02-09DOI: 10.24966/TAP-7752/100001
Zheng-Quan Tang, Yong Lu
Glutamate, as the major excitatory neurotransmitter used in the vertebrate brain, activates ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs and mGluRs), which mediate fast and slow neuronal actions, respectively. mGluRs play important modulatory roles in many brain areas, forming potential targets for drugs developed to treat brain disorders. Here, we review studies on mGluRs in the mammalian and avian auditory system. Although anatomical expression of mGluRs in the cochlear nucleus has been well characterized, data for other auditory nuclei await more systematic investigations especially at the electron microscopy level. The physiology of mGluRs has been extensively studied using in vitro brain slice preparations, with a focus on the auditory circuitry in the brainstem. These in vitro physiological studies have demonstrated that mGluRs participate in synaptic transmission, regulate ionic homeostasis, induce synaptic plasticity, and maintain the balance between Excitation and Inhibition (E/I) in a variety of auditory structures. However, the modulatory roles of mGluRs in auditory processing remain largely unclear at the system and behavioral levels, and the functions of mGluRs in auditory disorders remain entirely unknown.
{"title":"Anatomy and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Mammalian and Avian Auditory System.","authors":"Zheng-Quan Tang, Yong Lu","doi":"10.24966/TAP-7752/100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/TAP-7752/100001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamate, as the major excitatory neurotransmitter used in the vertebrate brain, activates ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs and mGluRs), which mediate fast and slow neuronal actions, respectively. mGluRs play important modulatory roles in many brain areas, forming potential targets for drugs developed to treat brain disorders. Here, we review studies on mGluRs in the mammalian and avian auditory system. Although anatomical expression of mGluRs in the cochlear nucleus has been well characterized, data for other auditory nuclei await more systematic investigations especially at the electron microscopy level. The physiology of mGluRs has been extensively studied using <i>in vitro</i> brain slice preparations, with a focus on the auditory circuitry in the brainstem. These <i>in vitro</i> physiological studies have demonstrated that mGluRs participate in synaptic transmission, regulate ionic homeostasis, induce synaptic plasticity, and maintain the balance between Excitation and Inhibition (E/I) in a variety of auditory structures. However, the modulatory roles of mGluRs in auditory processing remain largely unclear at the system and behavioral levels, and the functions of mGluRs in auditory disorders remain entirely unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":92641,"journal":{"name":"HSOA trends in anatomy and physiology","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405216/pdf/nihms-982911.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37041740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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