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Specific intracellular Ca2+ signal in hepatocytes after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats 大鼠肝部分切除70%后肝细胞内特异性Ca2+信号
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/pmrr.1000221
Z. Taira, Hiroshi Monmasu, Y. Ueda
New intracellular Ca 2+ signal consisting of two successive peaks in hepatocytes is found during liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats [1,2].
在大鼠70%肝部分切除后的肝再生过程中,发现肝细胞内新的ca2 +信号由两个连续的峰组成[1,2]。
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引用次数: 0
Probable causes of blood clotting driven by SARS-CoV-2 由SARS-CoV-2驱动的血液凝固的可能原因
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/pmrr.1000222
Mohammad Safiuddin
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has transmitted almost all over the world after evolving from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [1]. COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [2,3], which transfers from an infected person to a susceptible person via direct contact (e.g., handshaking, hugging) or indirect contact through touching materials or objects that are contaminated by an infected person (e.g., doorknob, handrail, paper tissue) [4,5]. It can also spread via airborne route (i.e., through aerosols created by expiratory activities) [6,7], which is a real concern. SARS-CoV-2 is a nanosized virus. It varies from 65 to 125 nm [8]. Having such a small size, SARSCoV-2 could likely be spread in airborne route.
2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)自2019年12月从中国武汉演变而来,几乎传播到了世界各地。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)于2020年3月11日宣布新冠肺炎疫情为大流行。COVID-19是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的[2,3],可通过直接接触(如握手、拥抱)或通过触摸被感染者污染的材料或物体(如门把手、扶手、纸巾)间接接触从感染者传播给易感者[4,5]。它也可以通过空气传播(即通过呼气活动产生的气溶胶)[6,7],这是一个真正值得关注的问题。SARS-CoV-2是一种纳米级病毒。它从65到125 nm b[8]不等。SARSCoV-2的体积如此之小,很可能通过空气传播。
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引用次数: 0
Spinal segmental sensitization as a common origin of chronic non-specific regional musculoskeletal pain: review of its pathophysiology and diagnosis 脊柱节段性致敏是慢性非特异性区域性肌肉骨骼疼痛的共同起源:病理生理学和诊断的综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/pmrr.1000223
Tomas Nakazato, P. Romero, M. Guzzardo
Musculoskeletal pain involving a region of the spine with radiation to the head, trunk, or extremities is relatively common in daily medical practice, such as upper- neck pain with headache, lower-neck pain and discomfort in the shoulders and arms, or low-back pain with sciatica. The instability of a vertebral segment produces a persistent barrage of nociceptive impulses that trigger peripheral and central sensitization phenomena, affecting the metamere innervated by the corresponding nerve root. This process produces clinical manifestations of hyperalgesia and/or allodynia in dermatomes, myotomes, and sclerotomes with a typical regional distribution known as spinal segmental sensitization (SSS). The activation of new peripheral nociceptive foci within the affected metamere can further aggravate the clinical picture. This disorder is usually classified as non-specific for being a somatosensory nervous system dysfunction without evident structural damage, which can lead to confusion since the magnitude of pain and disability reported by the patient appear to be disproportionate to the findings of auxiliary tests. In the absence of a timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, patients may resort to alternative therapies, which often do not solve the problem. The use of a standardized set of diagnostic criteria will help clinicians identify SSS and help researchers conduct studies in homogeneous populations. This review of its pathophysiology provides a foundation for rationally and systematically establishing the best treatment schemes and thus will benefit the many patients who suffer from this syndrome, which represents a challenge for
在日常医疗实践中,涉及脊柱某一区域并辐射到头部、躯干或四肢的肌肉骨骼疼痛相对常见,如头痛的上颈部疼痛,肩部和手臂的下颈部疼痛和不适,或坐骨神经痛的下背部疼痛。椎节的不稳定性产生持续的伤害性冲动,触发外周和中枢致敏现象,影响由相应神经根支配的神经元端。这一过程在皮节、肌节和硬核节中产生痛觉过敏和/或异常性疼痛的临床表现,并具有典型的区域分布,称为脊柱节段性致敏(SSS)。在受影响的元脑内新的外周伤害性病灶的激活可进一步加重临床症状。这种疾病通常被归类为非特异性,因为它是一种没有明显结构损伤的躯体感觉神经系统功能障碍,这可能导致混淆,因为患者报告的疼痛和残疾程度似乎与辅助检查的结果不成比例。在没有及时诊断和适当治疗的情况下,患者可能会求助于替代疗法,但这往往不能解决问题。使用一套标准化的诊断标准将有助于临床医生识别SSS,并帮助研究人员在同质人群中进行研究。本文对其病理生理学的综述为合理、系统地制定最佳治疗方案提供了基础,从而使许多患有该综合征的患者受益
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引用次数: 0
Skeleton-driven dynamics modeling for computer-aided muscular rehabilitation 计算机辅助肌肉康复的骨骼驱动动力学建模
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/pmrr.1000220
Jianping Cai, Feng Lin
animating a skeletal character in computer-aided muscular rehabilitation, we innovate in both skinning and dynamic simulation. First, a new rigging scheme is proposed for transforming the bone- constrained nodes; and the motion of the unconstrained nodes can be efficiently computed by dynamic deformation simulation. Secondly, a position-based dynamics framework is employed; instead of geometrical constraints, nonlinear strain-based constraints are utilized in the tetrahedral body mesh deformation. Thirdly, in order to improve the computational performance, a unique layered constraint solving scheme is designed to solve the constraints in an ordered way; anisotropic deformations of the body mesh can be achieved by the desired stretch and shear coefficients in the different layers. Finally, we provide an interactive tool for local reference frames which control the anisotropic deformation behaviours. Real-time skeletal animation can be realized, and the model is stable even in the cases of large deformation and degeneration. The comparative advantages over the competing methods are presented and verified with experiments.
在计算机辅助肌肉康复中,我们在皮肤和动态模拟两方面都进行了创新。首先,提出了一种新的装配方案,用于骨约束节点的转换;通过动态变形模拟可以有效地计算无约束节点的运动。其次,采用基于位置的动力学框架;在四面体网格变形中,采用非线性应变约束代替几何约束。第三,为了提高计算性能,设计了一种独特的分层约束求解方案,对约束进行有序求解;体网格的各向异性变形可以通过不同层的拉伸和剪切系数来实现。最后,我们为控制各向异性变形行为的局部参考框架提供了一个交互工具。可实现实时骨骼动画,且模型在大变形、大退化的情况下也能保持稳定。提出了相对于竞争方法的比较优势,并通过实验进行了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Intensity and frequency of musculoskeletal pain among statin and non-statin taking patients referred to physical therapy - A cross sectional survey 他汀类药物和非他汀类药物患者在接受物理治疗时肌肉骨骼疼痛的强度和频率-横断面调查
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/pmrr.1000214
Sereen Jabaren, T. Jacob, Y. Grosman, Dmitry German
The use of statins to reduce low-density cholesterol is widespread worldwide for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and considered to be the first-line therapy for hypercholesterolemia [1-4]. About 25 million people worldwide use lipid-lowering drugs on a regular basis [1,2] and about 19% of the population of Israel [5,6]. Statins drugs (LDL-C) inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase which is responsible for the rate of cholesterol synthesis [7]. They have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease [8,9].
使用他汀类药物降低低密度胆固醇在世界范围内广泛用于预防和治疗心血管疾病,被认为是高胆固醇血症的一线治疗方法[1-4]。全世界约有2500万人定期使用降脂药物[1,2],约占以色列人口的19%[5,6]。他汀类药物(LDL-C)抑制3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A (HMG-CoA)还原酶,该酶负责胆固醇合成速率[7]。它们已被证明可以降低与心血管疾病相关的发病率和死亡率[8,9]。
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引用次数: 0
Benefits of short-term training with vibrotactile biofeedback of trunk sway on balance control in multiple sclerosis 躯干摆动振动触觉生物反馈短期训练对多发性硬化症患者平衡控制的益处
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/PMRR.1000213
H. Rust, N. Lutz, Zumbrunnen, M. Imhof, Ö. Yaldizli, Haller, Allum Jhj
Background and aims: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from diminished balance control. We examined whether 4 sessions of training with vibrotactile biofeedback (VTfb) of trunk sway could improve their balance control and provide a carry-over effect. Methods: Baseline trunk sway was first measured for 15 MS patients. Then they received head mounted VTfb of trunk sway which was directionally active when trunk sway exceeded limits set using the baseline assessments. Stance and gait tasks were trained 2 times weekly for 2 weeks with VTfb. Assessments with VTfb were performed at the end of each week. Two weeks later balance was assessed without VTfb to determine if a carry-over effect was present. Results: Assessments with VTfb showed a significant decrease in trunk sway after 1 and 2 weeks of VTfb training (p<0.02). Carry-over improvements were also present (p<0.02). The greatest effects were found for tests of standing eyes closed stance on foam which resulted in a 59% decreased pitch sway angle (p=0.002) with VTfb and a 51% reduction (p=0.03) carry-over effect. Conclusions: This study indicates that balance control in MS patients improves rapidly after one week of training with VTfb and more slowly subsequently. The carry-over effect lasted at least 2 weeks. Future studies should determine, with more weeks of VTfb training, the time course of the slower balance and carry-over improvements following the first rapid improvement in balance control. We conclude that training with VTfb of trunk sway significantly improves balance control in MS patients, and could possibly reduce falls.
背景和目的:多发性硬化症(MS)患者的平衡控制能力下降。我们研究了4次躯干摆动振动触觉生物反馈(VTfb)训练是否能改善他们的平衡控制并提供结转效应。方法:首先测量15例MS患者的基线躯干摆动。然后他们接受头戴式躯干摆动VTfb,当躯干摆动超过使用基线评估设定的限制时,该VTfb定向激活。站立和步态任务训练每周2次,持续2周。每周结束时进行VTfb评估。两周后,在没有VTfb的情况下评估余额,以确定是否存在结转效应。结果:VTfb评估显示,VTfb训练1周和2周后躯干摆动显著减少(p<0.02)。结转改善也存在(p<0.02)。最大的影响被发现是站着闭着眼睛站在泡沫上的测试,VTfb导致59%的俯仰摇摆角减少(p=0.002), 51%的减少(p=0.03)的携带效应。结论:本研究表明,MS患者的平衡控制在VTfb训练一周后迅速改善,随后较慢。结转效应持续至少2周。未来的研究应该通过更多周的VTfb训练来确定,在平衡控制第一次快速改善之后,较慢的平衡和结转改善的时间过程。我们得出结论,躯干摆动的VTfb训练可以显著改善MS患者的平衡控制,并可能减少跌倒。
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引用次数: 6
Unmet needs for community-based physiotherapy services for adults in Canada and the United States: a scoping review protocol 加拿大和美国成人未满足的社区物理治疗服务需求:范围审查方案
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/PMRR.1000210
Alison Hock, Justis Beley, M. Bennett, Nick Buitelaar, Amy Connell, K. Rickaby, L. Coman, S. Wojkowski
Healthcare is available through various systems and access points. However, differences in economic status can create disparities in access to healthcare services [1]. It is not the responsibility of a sole proprietor, but rather all countries, to raise more funds, or diversify funding sources, to relieve the burden of unmet needs in healthcare [2]. However, it is the government’s duty to ensure that all public and private healthcare providers operate efficiently to fulfil patient needs [2]. Schneider et al. compared 11 high-income countries on 72 indicators of performance in five domains of healthcare: process, access, administrative efficiency, equity, and outcomes [3]. The United States (US) was ranked last, receiving particularly poor scores in access and affordability. Canada’s results were also substandard, ranking ninth overall, with its worst score in the access domain [3]. Furthermore, the US and Canada were identified as having large disparities in access between lowand high-incomes, particularly due to financial barriers [3]. In this context, patients may choose to forgo treatments or tests, due to associated costs [3].
医疗保健可通过各种系统和接入点获得。然而,经济地位的差异可能造成在获得保健服务方面的差异[b]。筹集更多资金或使资金来源多样化,以减轻医疗保健需求未得到满足的负担,这不是一个独资经营者的责任,而是所有国家的责任。然而,政府有责任确保所有公共和私人医疗保健提供者有效运作,以满足患者的需求。Schneider等人比较了11个高收入国家在医疗保健五个领域的72个绩效指标:流程、获取、行政效率、公平和结果bbb。美国排名最后,在可及性和可负担性方面得分特别低。加拿大的结果也不合格,总体排名第九,在接入领域得分最低。此外,美国和加拿大被认为在低收入和高收入之间存在巨大差距,特别是由于金融障碍。在这种情况下,由于相关费用100美元,患者可能选择放弃治疗或检查。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of stubbies in initial phase of rehabilitation for a woman with bilateral transfemoral amputation - a case study 一名女性双侧经股截肢患者早期康复阶段的疗效-个案研究
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-9096.20.8.579
T. Behera, S. Jayavant, A. Biswas
Background: Individuals with a Transfemoral Amputation (TFA) may encounter impediments in day to day life because of decreased mobility. The utilization of “Stubby” prostheses in bilateral transfemoral amputees has been pushed by several authors. The significant focal points of these prostheses are that they 1) Lower the Centre of Gravity, decreasing the rate and reality of falls and 2) eliminate prosthetic knee joint, providing better control and possible reducing the cardiovascular stress of ambulation 3) Cosmesis has been the significant hindrance. Case description and method: The stubby prosthesis was designed on basis of patient’s condition and complaint. Result: The prostheses provided optimal mediolateral stability, allowed easy balance, Prevented falling backward and push-off was initiated by rocker bottom. Conclusion: This Prosthesis is an economic and design with proper biomechanical implications.
背景:经股骨截肢(TFA)患者可能会因活动能力下降而在日常生活中遇到障碍。“粗短”假体在双侧经股截肢患者中的应用已被几位作者所推动。这些假体的重要焦点在于它们1)降低了重心,减少了跌倒的发生率和真实感;2)消除了假膝关节,提供了更好的控制,并可能减少行走时的心血管压力;3)美观一直是主要的障碍。病例描述和方法:根据患者的病情和主诉设计短节假体。结果:假体具有良好的中外侧稳定性,易于平衡,防止后落,并由摇臂底部启动推离。结论:该假体经济、设计合理,具有良好的生物力学意义。
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引用次数: 0
Organizational Justice, Job Stress, and Work-family Conflict: Their Interrelationships in Universities' Personnel 组织公正、工作压力与工作-家庭冲突:高校人员的相互关系
Pub Date : 2019-04-08 DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS201904.0099.V1
Sorush Niknamian
Presence of justice in an organization plays a crucial role on employees' well-being and remarkable success of the organization itself. This fair environment may be an important factor in lower levels of stress, which is associated with balancing demands between work and family domains among employees at university. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between distributive, procedural, and interactional dimensions of organizational justice and job stress, between work-family conflict and job stress, and whether the perception of organizational  justice elements do influence work-family conflict. In sum, drawing upon 146 non-academic employees at 5 state universities in Iran, our result indicated that interactional justice had the strongest negative relationship with stress at work and work-family conflict. Moreover, the reciprocal correlation was found between job stress and work-family conflict. Hence, in order to decrease level of stress and to better manage the work and family lives, organizations need to promote justice in workplace.
在一个组织中,公正的存在对员工的幸福感和组织本身的显著成功起着至关重要的作用。这种公平的环境可能是降低压力的一个重要因素,这与大学员工在工作和家庭领域之间的平衡需求有关。本研究的主要目的是探讨组织公平感的分配维度、程序维度和互动维度与工作压力的关系,工作-家庭冲突与工作压力的关系,以及组织公平感是否影响工作-家庭冲突。总而言之,通过对伊朗5所州立大学的146名非学术性员工的调查,我们的研究结果表明,互动公正与工作压力和工作-家庭冲突之间存在最强烈的负相关关系。此外,工作压力与工作家庭冲突之间存在负相关关系。因此,为了减少压力水平,更好地管理工作和家庭生活,组织需要在工作场所促进正义。
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引用次数: 1
Rehabilitation after fast-track knee arthroplasty: A scoping review on evidence-based challenges 快速通道膝关节置换术后的康复:循证挑战的范围回顾
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.15761/PMRR.1000201
F. Pennestrì, Negrini Francesco, Banfi Giuseppe
The individual and social burden caused by knee osteoarthritis calls for clinical and logistical innovations to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Fast-track surgery is a multidisciplinary perioperative approach aimed at reducing surgical stress and facilitating postoperative recovery, resulting in decreased convalescence, better patient satisfaction, and reduced hospital costs [12]. Indeed, accelerated recovery was attributed to better coordination and collaboration between orthopaedic surgeons, physiatrists, physical therapists and patients [3].
膝关节骨关节炎引起的个人和社会负担要求临床和后勤创新,以提高全膝关节置换术(TKA)的有效性和效率。快速通道手术是一种多学科的围手术期方法,旨在减少手术压力,促进术后恢复,从而缩短恢复期,提高患者满意度,降低医院成本。事实上,加速康复归功于骨科医生、理疗师、物理治疗师和患者之间更好的协调和合作。
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引用次数: 0
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Physical medicine and rehabilitation research
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