{"title":"Encyclopedia of polymer science and engineering. Editor‐in‐Chief Jacqueline I . Kroschwitz, John Wiley & Sons, New York & Chichester, 1986. Volume 4: Composites, fabrication to die design, pp. xxiv+832, single volume price £45 .00, $205 .00","authors":"C. Finch","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78023805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Handbook of mechanical, damping and acoustical, dynamic properties of rubbers and elastomers. By C. Massot and G. Rocherolles‐Deslignieres, Science Indus‐ tries, Montereau, France, 1985. pp. 293, price FFr. 400. ISBN 2‐905906‐02‐2","authors":"A. Birley","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80445442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contemporary topics in polymer science, Volume 4. Edited by W. J. Bailey and T. Tsuruta, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1984. pp. xv+1030, price £125.00 (USA and Canada), $150.00 (rest of world). ISBN 0‐306‐41248‐9","authors":"C. Finch","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91408628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis/reactions/morphology (Advances in Polymer Science, Volume 71). Edited by H. J. Cantow, G. Henrici‐OlivC, J. P. Kennedy and S. Oliv.6, Springer‐Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 1985. pp. x+263, price DM 158.00. ISBN 3‐540‐15482‐5","authors":"R. Pethrick","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83800505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper reports 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of novolac resins and the variation of the composition of the reaction mixture during the in situ preparation of resin. It is observed that in the initial stages of the reaction ortho substitution occurs; however the hemiacetal rather than the methylol derivative is observed. These methylol substituted intermediates are highly unstable and a better appreciation of the relative rates of structure formation can be obtained from an analysis of the methylene bridge region, para-para Bridges are the first to appear, the next are the ortho-para and finally the ortho-ortho linkages are observed. Analysis of the relative intensities of ortho and para bridge carbon atoms allows identification of the isomeric composition of the final resin. The proportion of each isomer depends on the catalyst used in synthesis of the resin.
{"title":"13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Phenol‐Formaldehyde Resins and Related Model Compounds 2 ‐ Analysis of Sequence Structure in Resins","authors":"R. Pethrick, B. Thomson","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180607","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of novolac resins and the variation of the composition of the reaction mixture during the in situ preparation of resin. It is observed that in the initial stages of the reaction ortho substitution occurs; however the hemiacetal rather than the methylol derivative is observed. These methylol substituted intermediates are highly unstable and a better appreciation of the relative rates of structure formation can be obtained from an analysis of the methylene bridge region, para-para Bridges are the first to appear, the next are the ortho-para and finally the ortho-ortho linkages are observed. Analysis of the relative intensities of ortho and para bridge carbon atoms allows identification of the isomeric composition of the final resin. The proportion of each isomer depends on the catalyst used in synthesis of the resin.","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91010872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of food quality and food analysis. Edited by G. G. Birch and K. J. Parker, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, 1984. pp. 332, price 235.00. ISBN 0‐85334‐239‐3","authors":"I. Bradshaw, J. Kennedy","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87801649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Encyclopedia of textiles, fibers and nonwoven fabrics. Edited by M. Grayson, Wiley‐Interscience, New York, 1984. pp. viii+581, price £57.00. ISBN 0‐471‐81461‐X","authors":"C. Finch","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77794374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Partially metallated polymers of 2-vinylfluorene in tetrahydrofuran THF and THF-dimethoxyethane mixtures were studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy. Effects arising from interaction of the ion pairs within the polymer chain were clearly observed. Conversion of the contact ion pairs with lithium and sodium cations into the solvent-separated ion pairs is influenced by interactions between the solvent-separated ions pairs. The polymer carbanions with bulky K+ and Cs+ cations exhibited a shift of λ with increasing carbanion concentration, suggesting the formation of an extended polymer chain in solution.
{"title":"Studies of Partially Metallated Poly(2-vinylfluorene)'s in Solution 1 - Ion Pair Structure and the Concentration Effects of Carbanion Salts Along the Polymer Chain","authors":"A. Watanabe, M. Matsuda","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180606","url":null,"abstract":"Partially metallated polymers of 2-vinylfluorene in tetrahydrofuran THF and THF-dimethoxyethane mixtures were studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy. Effects arising from interaction of the ion pairs within the polymer chain were clearly observed. Conversion of the contact ion pairs with lithium and sodium cations into the solvent-separated ion pairs is influenced by interactions between the solvent-separated ions pairs. The polymer carbanions with bulky K+ and Cs+ cations exhibited a shift of λ with increasing carbanion concentration, suggesting the formation of an extended polymer chain in solution.","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78547670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The formation of network polymers by curing epoxy oligomers with dicyandiamide was investigated. The oligomers had the structure It was shown that the reaction between hydroxyl and epoxy groups is important in this process. The strength-deformation properties of the network polymers obtained were studied. Calculations of elastic active network chains were carried out by the method of branching processes. Good agreement was obtained between calculated and experimental data.
{"title":"Network Polymers Based on Epoxy Oligomers and Dicyandiamide","authors":"M. A. Markevitch, V. Irzhak","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180604","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of network polymers by curing epoxy oligomers with dicyandiamide was investigated. The oligomers had the structure \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000It was shown that the reaction between hydroxyl and epoxy groups is important in this process. The strength-deformation properties of the network polymers obtained were studied. Calculations of elastic active network chains were carried out by the method of branching processes. Good agreement was obtained between calculated and experimental data.","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81696294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aralkyl polymers with ethyl side-chains were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reactions. Ethylbenzene and bis(p-chloromethyl)benzene (BCMB) were reacted together in the presence of stannic chloride to produce polymers of various molecular weights. A study was then carried out of the chlorination of these polymers, using (a) molecular chlorine, (b) molecular chlorine with a peroxide catalyst and phosphorus pentachloride, (c) sulphuryl chloride. The objective was to determine the best conditions for chlorination to occur selectively at the α-carbon atom of the ethyl group, with minimal chlorination at either the β-position or the main-chain methylene groups. Analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the chlorinated polymers suggests that in most cases chlorination occurs extensively both in the side-chain and in the main-chain methylene groups. Conditions were found, however, which favour chlorination at the α-position. The greatest selectivity was achieved when molecular chlorine, a peroxide catalyst and phosphorus pentachloride were used in benzene solvent.
{"title":"Selective chlorination of side-chains in Friedel-Crafts polymers","authors":"P. J. Blincow, J. S. Ghotra, G. Pritchard","doi":"10.1002/PI.4980180610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PI.4980180610","url":null,"abstract":"Aralkyl polymers with ethyl side-chains were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reactions. Ethylbenzene and bis(p-chloromethyl)benzene (BCMB) were reacted together in the presence of stannic chloride to produce polymers of various molecular weights. A study was then carried out of the chlorination of these polymers, using (a) molecular chlorine, (b) molecular chlorine with a peroxide catalyst and phosphorus pentachloride, (c) sulphuryl chloride. The objective was to determine the best conditions for chlorination to occur selectively at the α-carbon atom of the ethyl group, with minimal chlorination at either the β-position or the main-chain methylene groups. Analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the chlorinated polymers suggests that in most cases chlorination occurs extensively both in the side-chain and in the main-chain methylene groups. Conditions were found, however, which favour chlorination at the α-position. The greatest selectivity was achieved when molecular chlorine, a peroxide catalyst and phosphorus pentachloride were used in benzene solvent.","PeriodicalId":9298,"journal":{"name":"British Polymer Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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