In Waldenström's disease, direct involvement of the nervous system by tumor infiltration is rare and exceptional, forming Bing-Neel syndrome, which groups together the central neurological damage of this disease. It is associated with neurological manifestations with confusion, temporo-spatial disorientation or motor impairment.The bing and Néel syndrome must be differentiated and discussed in the face of affections of the central nervous system such as multiform glioblastomas or multifocal leukoencephalopathies as well as primary brain lymphoma.
{"title":"Cerebral Localization of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia: Bing Neel Syndrome a Case Report","authors":"K. Khalfi, N. Habchi, I. Ikhlef, M. Djaafer","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/107","url":null,"abstract":"In Waldenström's disease, direct involvement of the nervous system by tumor infiltration is rare and exceptional, forming Bing-Neel syndrome, which groups together the central neurological damage of this disease. It is associated with neurological manifestations with confusion, temporo-spatial disorientation or motor impairment.The bing and Néel syndrome must be differentiated and discussed in the face of affections of the central nervous system such as multiform glioblastomas or multifocal leukoencephalopathies as well as primary brain lymphoma.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44220237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luisa Aguirre Buexm, Naomi dos Reis Zanellato, Júlia de Vasconcellos Sales Pizelli, Ana Maria Dias da Costa, Rodrigo Figueiredo Brito Resende
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce osteoid matrix or mineralized bone. They can involve any bone, but in the jaw region they are uncommon and account for about 6% of all cases. These tumors present as painful and progressively growing masses. Often a sudden, non-traumatic fracture is the first significant clinical symptom. This paper reports a clinical case of osteosarcoma in the body of the mandible. A 25-year-old male patient came to the clinic reporting an intra and extra-oral swelling in the left lower jaw, associated with pain and paresthesia, which lasted four months. The patient reported a previous history of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the left retroauricular region treated with parotidectomy when he was six years old. The diagnostic hypotheses of Odontogenic Myxoma and Osteosarcoma were raised. Thus, an incisional biopsy was performed, which showed histopathological examination compatible with osteosarcoma. After that, it was decided to perform a left segmental pelvemandibulectomy with histopathological study that confirmed the diagnosis. The case report contributes to the knowledge of health professionals about the osteosarcoma of the mandible since many times this diagnostic hypothesis is not raised because it is a rare situation.
{"title":"Mandibular Osteosarcoma: Clinical Case Report","authors":"Luisa Aguirre Buexm, Naomi dos Reis Zanellato, Júlia de Vasconcellos Sales Pizelli, Ana Maria Dias da Costa, Rodrigo Figueiredo Brito Resende","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/111","url":null,"abstract":"Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce osteoid matrix or mineralized bone. They can involve any bone, but in the jaw region they are uncommon and account for about 6% of all cases. These tumors present as painful and progressively growing masses. Often a sudden, non-traumatic fracture is the first significant clinical symptom. This paper reports a clinical case of osteosarcoma in the body of the mandible. A 25-year-old male patient came to the clinic reporting an intra and extra-oral swelling in the left lower jaw, associated with pain and paresthesia, which lasted four months. The patient reported a previous history of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the left retroauricular region treated with parotidectomy when he was six years old. The diagnostic hypotheses of Odontogenic Myxoma and Osteosarcoma were raised. Thus, an incisional biopsy was performed, which showed histopathological examination compatible with osteosarcoma. After that, it was decided to perform a left segmental pelvemandibulectomy with histopathological study that confirmed the diagnosis. The case report contributes to the knowledge of health professionals about the osteosarcoma of the mandible since many times this diagnostic hypothesis is not raised because it is a rare situation.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hematopoiesis is regulated by a diverse cellular of BM microenvironment which supports stepwise multi-potent stem cells differentiation as well as maturation of progenitors and precursors into mature blood cells. Some imbalances between virus inherent transforming abilities and the host immune system can lead into the various diseases development. In this case, hematopoietic dynamics are perturbed during inflammation that we want to know exactly about the HSC niche interaction in the situation which can occur as a result. Here we discuss about some infections have deleterious effects injuring hematopoietic stem cell , inefficient hematopoiesis and also destruction of the cells and then can go to the remodeling of bone marrow microenvironment and ultimately change to malignancy. So it is important to demonstrate a BM microenvironment critical role in the response to infection.
{"title":"The Infection Process Study in Changing to Malignancy","authors":"A. Rahnemoon","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/110","url":null,"abstract":"Hematopoiesis is regulated by a diverse cellular of BM microenvironment which supports stepwise multi-potent stem cells differentiation as well as maturation of progenitors and precursors into mature blood cells. Some imbalances between virus inherent transforming abilities and the host immune system can lead into the various diseases development. In this case, hematopoietic dynamics are perturbed during inflammation that we want to know exactly about the HSC niche interaction in the situation which can occur as a result. Here we discuss about some infections have deleterious effects injuring hematopoietic stem cell , inefficient hematopoiesis and also destruction of the cells and then can go to the remodeling of bone marrow microenvironment and ultimately change to malignancy. So it is important to demonstrate a BM microenvironment critical role in the response to infection.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47962190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Puerarin is a form of isoflavones obtained from Pueraria lobata. It stimulates hepatic metabolic function and lowers serum ALT, AST, and total-bilirubin level. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of puerarin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE1 cells and preliminarily explore its possible mechanism. Materials and Methods CCK8 method was used to detect the proliferation activity of puerarin on NPC CNE1 cells and IC50 was calculated. CNE1 cells were treated with 0 μmol/L puerarin (containing equal volume of DMSO solution) as control group and 1000 μmol/L puerarin (IC50 concentration) as experimental group. Colony formation assay, Scratch-wound test and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the clone formation ability, migration and invasion ability of puerarin on CNE1 cells. Then, RNA Sequencing was used to detect the changes of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways after puerarin was applied to CNE1 cells. Results The inhibitory effect of puerarin on the proliferation activity of CNE1 cells was enhanced with the increase of concentration, and IC50 was calculated as 1000 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, the treatment of CNE1 cells with 1000 μmol/L puerarin could inhibit the clone formation, migration and invasion of CNE1 cells (P<0.05). A total of 379 DEGs were found by RNA sequencing, including 295 down-regulated genes and 84 up-regulated genes (padj<0.05). The significant differences in biological functions of differentially expressed genes were mainly distributed in “negative regulation of growth”, “angiogenesis”, “regulation of peptidase activity”, “positive regulation of vasculature development”, “digestion”, “positive regulation of angiogenesis”, “negative regulation of peptidase activity”, “extracellular matrix” and “Golgi lumen” (padj<0.05). Conclusion Puerarin could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC CNE1 cells, and its mechanism might be related to the inhibition of angiogenesis and cell growth.
{"title":"Effect Of Puerarin on The Growth of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells and Its Impact on Angiogenesis","authors":"Ye Li, Jingjing Zhao, Bo Yang","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/114","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Puerarin is a form of isoflavones obtained from Pueraria lobata. It stimulates hepatic metabolic function and lowers serum ALT, AST, and total-bilirubin level. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of puerarin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) CNE1 cells and preliminarily explore its possible mechanism. Materials and Methods CCK8 method was used to detect the proliferation activity of puerarin on NPC CNE1 cells and IC50 was calculated. CNE1 cells were treated with 0 μmol/L puerarin (containing equal volume of DMSO solution) as control group and 1000 μmol/L puerarin (IC50 concentration) as experimental group. Colony formation assay, Scratch-wound test and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect the clone formation ability, migration and invasion ability of puerarin on CNE1 cells. Then, RNA Sequencing was used to detect the changes of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways after puerarin was applied to CNE1 cells. Results The inhibitory effect of puerarin on the proliferation activity of CNE1 cells was enhanced with the increase of concentration, and IC50 was calculated as 1000 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, the treatment of CNE1 cells with 1000 μmol/L puerarin could inhibit the clone formation, migration and invasion of CNE1 cells (P<0.05). A total of 379 DEGs were found by RNA sequencing, including 295 down-regulated genes and 84 up-regulated genes (padj<0.05). The significant differences in biological functions of differentially expressed genes were mainly distributed in “negative regulation of growth”, “angiogenesis”, “regulation of peptidase activity”, “positive regulation of vasculature development”, “digestion”, “positive regulation of angiogenesis”, “negative regulation of peptidase activity”, “extracellular matrix” and “Golgi lumen” (padj<0.05). Conclusion Puerarin could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC CNE1 cells, and its mechanism might be related to the inhibition of angiogenesis and cell growth.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44206170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Badache, N. Habchi, F.Z Bendib, K. Khalfi, N. Ioualalen, Et M. Djaafer
Introduction: Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood primary CNS tumor, and treatment approaches have evolved over the past three decades. Despite recent improvements in cure rates, prediction of disease outcome remains a major challenge and survivors suffer from serious therapy-related side-effects. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study including 144 patients with medulloblastoma were performed at the Neurosurgery Department in Ait IDDIR Health Hospital Establishment between The period of January 2004 and December 2014. In each case, diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically and histo-pathologically. All patients were operated and received the adjuvant treatment Results and discussion: Out of 144 patients, 63 (44%) patients were females and 81 (56%) were males. We have 59 cases who had age ranged from 05 months to 5 years, however, we had 85 cases who had more than 5 years; we identified 29 (58%) children and 21 (42%) adults. Clinical manifestations of meduloblastoma vary widely according to the location. The vermis is the main location of the child with 95%. The most frequent clinical manifestations found were Intracranial hypertension syndrome and static and kinetic cerebellar syndrome, 98% patients had intracranial hypertension at diagnosis: 1,4% with engagement (2 cases) and 0,7% with coma(01 case). A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed in all patients, 01 case after surgical removal. The most common complications were as follows: Meningitis ( 0,2%),ventriculitis (0,2%), CSF leakage (0,4%), post-surgical hematoma (0,2%), Shunt dysfunction ( 0,6%), aggravation of the cerebellar syndrom (0,4%), affection of mixed nerves ( 0,2%) and cerebellar mutism (0,4%). Tumor architecture was classified as classic (Grade II) and desmoplasic. We had T2M0 in 41(28,47%) cases, T2M2 in 2 (1,38%)cases ,T3aM0 in 98(68%)cases,T3bM3 in 2(1,38%) cases and T3bM4 in 1 (0,7%)case. During follow-up period, recurrence occurred in 15 (10%) cases, sustentorial metastasis in 04 (2,7%) cases, leptomeningeal dissemination in 03 (2%) cases and medullary metastasis in 03 (2%) cases. The five years survival rate was 84%. Conclusion: the surgical treatment of medulloblastoma remains a difficult therapeutic challenge because they have the most virulent form of the disease and are at highest risk for treatment-related sequelae.
{"title":"Follow up of Medulloblastoma’s Treatment Retrospective Study of 144 Cases","authors":"K. Badache, N. Habchi, F.Z Bendib, K. Khalfi, N. Ioualalen, Et M. Djaafer","doi":"10.31579/2693-4787/034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-4787/034","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood primary CNS tumor, and treatment approaches have evolved over the past three decades. Despite recent improvements in cure rates, prediction of disease outcome remains a major challenge and survivors suffer from serious therapy-related side-effects. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study including 144 patients with medulloblastoma were performed at the Neurosurgery Department in Ait IDDIR Health Hospital Establishment between The period of January 2004 and December 2014. In each case, diagnosis was made clinically and confirmed radiologically and histo-pathologically. All patients were operated and received the adjuvant treatment Results and discussion: Out of 144 patients, 63 (44%) patients were females and 81 (56%) were males. We have 59 cases who had age ranged from 05 months to 5 years, however, we had 85 cases who had more than 5 years; we identified 29 (58%) children and 21 (42%) adults. Clinical manifestations of meduloblastoma vary widely according to the location. The vermis is the main location of the child with 95%. The most frequent clinical manifestations found were Intracranial hypertension syndrome and static and kinetic cerebellar syndrome, 98% patients had intracranial hypertension at diagnosis: 1,4% with engagement (2 cases) and 0,7% with coma(01 case). A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed in all patients, 01 case after surgical removal. The most common complications were as follows: Meningitis ( 0,2%),ventriculitis (0,2%), CSF leakage (0,4%), post-surgical hematoma (0,2%), Shunt dysfunction ( 0,6%), aggravation of the cerebellar syndrom (0,4%), affection of mixed nerves ( 0,2%) and cerebellar mutism (0,4%). Tumor architecture was classified as classic (Grade II) and desmoplasic. We had T2M0 in 41(28,47%) cases, T2M2 in 2 (1,38%)cases ,T3aM0 in 98(68%)cases,T3bM3 in 2(1,38%) cases and T3bM4 in 1 (0,7%)case. During follow-up period, recurrence occurred in 15 (10%) cases, sustentorial metastasis in 04 (2,7%) cases, leptomeningeal dissemination in 03 (2%) cases and medullary metastasis in 03 (2%) cases. The five years survival rate was 84%. Conclusion: the surgical treatment of medulloblastoma remains a difficult therapeutic challenge because they have the most virulent form of the disease and are at highest risk for treatment-related sequelae.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim and objectives: Turnaround time is the main issue for formalin fixed-paraffin embedded-cell block diagnosis. The main objectives of this study were to develop fast and simple method of cell blocks preparation using frozen section technique, to develop a protocol of immunocytochemistry (ICC) on them and to evaluate its utility in clinical practice. Material and method: In this case series, we made frozen cell blocks (F-CB) from fine needle aspirates (FNA) and fluid samples using cryostat and performed ICC on them. Results were compared with histopathology diagnosis using Cohen’s Kappa agreement and Fisher Exact test. Results: Out of 25 cases, F-CB from FNA and fluid samples were made in 15 and 10 cases, respectively. ICC was performed on 20 cases. Only 40% of the cases had confirmed diagnosis on cytology smears. Addition of F-CB + ICC test could give a definitive diagnosis in 24/25 (96%) of cases. Conclusions: Newly developed method of frozen sectioning of cellblocks and ICC on them can give rapid and accurate cell block diagnosis.
{"title":"Evaluation of a Novel Technique of Frozen Sections of Cell Blocks and Immunocytochemistry Protocol for Fine Needle Aspirates and Fluid Cytology Specimens","authors":"F. Desai, Rajesh Korant","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/104","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and objectives: Turnaround time is the main issue for formalin fixed-paraffin embedded-cell block diagnosis. The main objectives of this study were to develop fast and simple method of cell blocks preparation using frozen section technique, to develop a protocol of immunocytochemistry (ICC) on them and to evaluate its utility in clinical practice. Material and method: In this case series, we made frozen cell blocks (F-CB) from fine needle aspirates (FNA) and fluid samples using cryostat and performed ICC on them. Results were compared with histopathology diagnosis using Cohen’s Kappa agreement and Fisher Exact test. Results: Out of 25 cases, F-CB from FNA and fluid samples were made in 15 and 10 cases, respectively. ICC was performed on 20 cases. Only 40% of the cases had confirmed diagnosis on cytology smears. Addition of F-CB + ICC test could give a definitive diagnosis in 24/25 (96%) of cases. Conclusions: Newly developed method of frozen sectioning of cellblocks and ICC on them can give rapid and accurate cell block diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43375121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grisel syndrome, also known as nasopharyntic torticollis is a combination of a torticollis and nasopharingitis, describes first time in 1830 by bell and taken over by grisel in 19305which descibed two observations in two children complicated renopharyngitis since this syndrome bears his name.characterized clinically by sudden probing and radiographically by an enucleation of the atlas innon traumatic dislocation- rotating position . physiopathologically is caused by the inflammatory contracture of the prevertebral muscles whose origin could be a spontaneous or post opérative infection of the NTE area.This acute febrile torticollis is a rare affection mainly affects the child with an estimated age range between 8 months to 12 years, few cases are reported by literature concerning adults.Diagnosis should be realized early in order to avoid neurological restoration which cannot be carried out with certainty that other diagnoses of febril torticollis are eliminatedThe treatment is simple, the prognosis is often favorable with an adequate and early attitude directed towards the causal agent while restoring the spinal stabilit.
{"title":"Grisel Syndrome About A Case","authors":"Bekralas H, H. N","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/105","url":null,"abstract":"Grisel syndrome, also known as nasopharyntic torticollis is a combination of a torticollis and nasopharingitis, describes first time in 1830 by bell and taken over by grisel in 19305which descibed two observations in two children complicated renopharyngitis since this syndrome bears his name.characterized clinically by sudden probing and radiographically by an enucleation of the atlas innon traumatic dislocation- rotating position . physiopathologically is caused by the inflammatory contracture of the prevertebral muscles whose origin could be a spontaneous or post opérative infection of the NTE area.This acute febrile torticollis is a rare affection mainly affects the child with an estimated age range between 8 months to 12 years, few cases are reported by literature concerning adults.Diagnosis should be realized early in order to avoid neurological restoration which cannot be carried out with certainty that other diagnoses of febril torticollis are eliminatedThe treatment is simple, the prognosis is often favorable with an adequate and early attitude directed towards the causal agent while restoring the spinal stabilit.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49535300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, M. Kahdina, Hernalia Martadila Putri
Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a self-limiting and often asymptomatic disease. Genital HPV infection is divided into high-risk HPV (HPV 16 and 18) and low-risk HPV (HPV 6 and 11). Low-risk or non-oncogenic HPV produces a clinical picture of anogenital warts, which may be condylomatous, papules, or keratotic. The subclinical form of genital HPV infection can present with an "aceto-white" lesion found on the cervix that will appear when examined using an acetic acid solution evaluated by colposcopy. Based on the association with cervical cancer and precursor lesions, HPV can also be classified as high-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk (LR-HPV) oncogenic types. LR-HPV types, such as HPV 6 and 11, can cause generalized genital warts or benign hyperproliferative lesions with a very limited predisposition to malignant progression, while infection with HR-HPV types, HPV 16 and 18, is associated with the development of pre-malignant and cervical lesions. Discussion: Human Papillomavirus is a small DNA virus (50-55nm) belonging to the family Papillomaviridae and genus Papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a relatively small non-enveloped virus containing a double-stranded circular DNA genome associated with histone-like proteins and protected by a capsid formed by two final proteins, L1 and L2. Each capsid consists of 72 capsomeres, The pathogenesis of HPV begins with infection of stem cells in the basal layer of the epithelium. Once inside the cell, the virus requires expression of the E1 and E2 genes to maintain a low genome copy number. These proteins bind to the origin of replication and the virus secretes cellular DNA polymerases and other proteins required for DNA replication. In the suprabasal layer, the expression of genes E1, E2, E5, E6 and E7 contributes to the maintenance of the viral genome and induces cell proliferation, increasing the number of HPV-infected cells in the epithelium, resulting in a higher number of cells that will eventually produce infectious virions. Conclusion: In benign HPV lesions, cell proliferation increases leading to increased nutrition, resulting in competition for nutrients and oxygen. Both HR-HPV and LR-HPV E7 proteins increase the level of the transcription factor Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and induce increased expression of HIF-1 target genes under hypoxic conditions. Increased HIF-1 activity results in increased transcription of a subset of genes that support angiogenesis, and the induction of this angiogenesis is critical for the persistence and growth of HPV lesions such as genital warts.
{"title":"Ethiology and Pathophysiology of Whart Hpv Infection: A Review Article","authors":"Nanda Rachmad Putra Gofur, Aisyah Rachmadani Putri Gofur, Soesilaningtyas Soesilaningtyas, Rizki Nur Rachman Putra Gofur, M. Kahdina, Hernalia Martadila Putri","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/109","url":null,"abstract":"Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a self-limiting and often asymptomatic disease. Genital HPV infection is divided into high-risk HPV (HPV 16 and 18) and low-risk HPV (HPV 6 and 11). Low-risk or non-oncogenic HPV produces a clinical picture of anogenital warts, which may be condylomatous, papules, or keratotic. The subclinical form of genital HPV infection can present with an \"aceto-white\" lesion found on the cervix that will appear when examined using an acetic acid solution evaluated by colposcopy. Based on the association with cervical cancer and precursor lesions, HPV can also be classified as high-risk (HR-HPV) and low-risk (LR-HPV) oncogenic types. LR-HPV types, such as HPV 6 and 11, can cause generalized genital warts or benign hyperproliferative lesions with a very limited predisposition to malignant progression, while infection with HR-HPV types, HPV 16 and 18, is associated with the development of pre-malignant and cervical lesions. Discussion: Human Papillomavirus is a small DNA virus (50-55nm) belonging to the family Papillomaviridae and genus Papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a relatively small non-enveloped virus containing a double-stranded circular DNA genome associated with histone-like proteins and protected by a capsid formed by two final proteins, L1 and L2. Each capsid consists of 72 capsomeres, The pathogenesis of HPV begins with infection of stem cells in the basal layer of the epithelium. Once inside the cell, the virus requires expression of the E1 and E2 genes to maintain a low genome copy number. These proteins bind to the origin of replication and the virus secretes cellular DNA polymerases and other proteins required for DNA replication. In the suprabasal layer, the expression of genes E1, E2, E5, E6 and E7 contributes to the maintenance of the viral genome and induces cell proliferation, increasing the number of HPV-infected cells in the epithelium, resulting in a higher number of cells that will eventually produce infectious virions. Conclusion: In benign HPV lesions, cell proliferation increases leading to increased nutrition, resulting in competition for nutrients and oxygen. Both HR-HPV and LR-HPV E7 proteins increase the level of the transcription factor Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and induce increased expression of HIF-1 target genes under hypoxic conditions. Increased HIF-1 activity results in increased transcription of a subset of genes that support angiogenesis, and the induction of this angiogenesis is critical for the persistence and growth of HPV lesions such as genital warts.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immunophenotyping of leukemias and other hematological neoplasms has become one of the most relevant clinical applications of flow cytometry which remains an indispensable tool for the diagnosis, classification, staging as well as hematologic malignancies monitoring. It can provide quantitative data on a number of cell parameters for a large number of cells in the region of cells thousands per second which making it a powerful diagnostic tool. If immunophenotyping is more sensitive significantly, specific and objective than morphological studying, the latter remains the gold standard criterion for creating and establishing the blast percentage in presentation and post treatment together. Moreover, it is important that interpreters of flow cytometric data have the phenotypes exact knowledge of diverse normal cell populations, which can be one of the best tool in recognize deviations from normal as well as are able to discuss the potential clinical significance and knowing look of the flow cytometric findings.
{"title":"Immunophenotyping Investigation in Acute and Chronic Leukemias as a Gold Standard Test","authors":"Ahmad Reza Rahnemoon","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/106","url":null,"abstract":"Immunophenotyping of leukemias and other hematological neoplasms has become one of the most relevant clinical applications of flow cytometry which remains an indispensable tool for the diagnosis, classification, staging as well as hematologic malignancies monitoring. It can provide quantitative data on a number of cell parameters for a large number of cells in the region of cells thousands per second which making it a powerful diagnostic tool. If immunophenotyping is more sensitive significantly, specific and objective than morphological studying, the latter remains the gold standard criterion for creating and establishing the blast percentage in presentation and post treatment together. Moreover, it is important that interpreters of flow cytometric data have the phenotypes exact knowledge of diverse normal cell populations, which can be one of the best tool in recognize deviations from normal as well as are able to discuss the potential clinical significance and knowing look of the flow cytometric findings.","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42493882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This abstract describes the enormous advantages of redesigning existing microbial life in the Labs which will carry additional instructions not only to clean up our environmental pollution, but also to produce new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind. Using the toolkit of genetic engineering developed during the completion of the Human Genome Project, we will manipulate microbial life in which we will splice essential amino acid codons in most consumable food such as Corn, Wheat and Rice Genomes to produce the most nutritious food for the bourgeoning population of the world. Similarly, new fuel could be produced by an organism called Methanococcus Jannachil which thrives near high temperature high pressure hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the sea floor by converting Carbon dioxide (a pollutant) to Methane (a fuel). To produce at the industrial scale, in plant genomes, we will splice not only the genes of herbal medicine (such as Artemisinin, Taxol, Reserpine, Belladonna etc.) to produce well-known herbal medicine, but also will insert genes to produce large scale antibiotics (such as Penicillin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Paromomycin, Apramycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Netilmicin, Gentamicin etc.). At every step of the transgenic genomes, we will confirm the spliced novel genes by using cheaper and faster nanopore gene sequencer. Current speed of developments guarantees humanity’s future survival across the Universe long before our Sun dies
{"title":"The Impact of Sequencing Human Genome on the Genetically Engineered Life","authors":"A. Hameed Khan","doi":"10.31579/2640-1053/102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/102","url":null,"abstract":"This abstract describes the enormous advantages of redesigning existing microbial life in the Labs which will carry additional instructions not only to clean up our environmental pollution, but also to produce new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind. Using the toolkit of genetic engineering developed during the completion of the Human Genome Project, we will manipulate microbial life in which we will splice essential amino acid codons in most consumable food such as Corn, Wheat and Rice Genomes to produce the most nutritious food for the bourgeoning population of the world. Similarly, new fuel could be produced by an organism called Methanococcus Jannachil which thrives near high temperature high pressure hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the sea floor by converting Carbon dioxide (a pollutant) to Methane (a fuel). To produce at the industrial scale, in plant genomes, we will splice not only the genes of herbal medicine (such as Artemisinin, Taxol, Reserpine, Belladonna etc.) to produce well-known herbal medicine, but also will insert genes to produce large scale antibiotics (such as Penicillin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Paromomycin, Apramycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Netilmicin, Gentamicin etc.). At every step of the transgenic genomes, we will confirm the spliced novel genes by using cheaper and faster nanopore gene sequencer. Current speed of developments guarantees humanity’s future survival across the Universe long before our Sun dies","PeriodicalId":93018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research and cellular therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48085479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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