Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100022
Sasidharan S
Pankajakasthuri orthoherb cream/thermagel is a polyherbal topical medication formulated for managing inflammation and pain. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin irritation potential of Pankajakasthuri orthoherb cream/thermagel on a single and repeated application in New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were dermally exposed with Pankajakasthuri orthoherb cream/thermagel and the appearance of each application site at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7th day and 14th day was recorded. The dermal reactions (erythema and edema) were evaluated according to the skin reactions scoring system. Pankajakasthuri orthoherb
{"title":"Dermal Irritation Study of Pankajakasthuri Orthoherb Cream/Thermagel, a Potent Polyherbal Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Formulation for Topical Application in Healthy New Zealand White Rabbits","authors":"Sasidharan S","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100022","url":null,"abstract":"Pankajakasthuri orthoherb cream/thermagel is a polyherbal topical medication formulated for managing inflammation and pain. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin irritation potential of Pankajakasthuri orthoherb cream/thermagel on a single and repeated application in New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were dermally exposed with Pankajakasthuri orthoherb cream/thermagel and the appearance of each application site at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 7th day and 14th day was recorded. The dermal reactions (erythema and edema) were evaluated according to the skin reactions scoring system. Pankajakasthuri orthoherb","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100021
M. Ehrich
The potential benefit of polyhydroxy fullerene nanomaterials in preventing and alleviating toxicities from cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus toxicants is compared to other dermal protectants.
{"title":"Perspective: Considerations for Prevention and Treatment of Dermal Exposure to Toxic Organophosphorus Compounds","authors":"M. Ehrich","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100021","url":null,"abstract":"The potential benefit of polyhydroxy fullerene nanomaterials in preventing and alleviating toxicities from cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus toxicants is compared to other dermal protectants.","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47966412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.24966/TCR-3735/100020
S. Jha
In the recent times wide use of agrochemicals in agricultural practice has caused severe health hazards to humans while their side effects have damaged the environment also. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide effective against a wide range of pests of cereals, coffee, cotton, fruits, oilseeds, potato, tea and vegetables.
{"title":"Ameliorating Effect Of Emblica Officinalis On Lipid Profile Of Endosulfan Induced Mice","authors":"S. Jha","doi":"10.24966/TCR-3735/100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/TCR-3735/100020","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent times wide use of agrochemicals in agricultural practice has caused severe health hazards to humans while their side effects have damaged the environment also. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide effective against a wide range of pests of cereals, coffee, cotton, fruits, oilseeds, potato, tea and vegetables.","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"335 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73896874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100014
Asare-Donkor Nk
Formaldehyde is the main ingredient in embalming liquids used in mortuaries for preserving bodies. Due to its carcinogenicity, it has raised questions about the occupational health of workers in health facilities that work with formaldehyde. This poses health risk to morticians, hospital workers and mortuary workers. This study measures the formaldehyde levels both indoor and outdoor at some selected mortuaries in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Air samples were taken from various rooms, corridors and immediate environment of these mortuaries using the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazine hydrochloride method. Temperature and relative humidity were also measured and a survey on the potential formaldehyde sources in these facilities and health effects were administered to respondents at the same time. The levels of formaldehyde recorded for mortuaries in this study ranged between 14-710μg/m3. Temperature and relative humidity were positively correlated with the level of formaldehyde (p=0.003). Workers in the mortuaries complained of symptoms such as eye irritation, nose and throat irritations, headaches and sometimes vomiting. These symptoms are related to specific place of activity within the facility and how frequent a particular worker visits or comes to work weekly. The hazard quotient values calculated ranged from 0.1 to 5.2.
{"title":"Occupational Exposure Of Formaldehyde At Some Mortuaries In The Ashanti Region Of Ghana","authors":"Asare-Donkor Nk","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100014","url":null,"abstract":"Formaldehyde is the main ingredient in embalming liquids used in mortuaries for preserving bodies. Due to its carcinogenicity, it has raised questions about the occupational health of workers in health facilities that work with formaldehyde. This poses health risk to morticians, hospital workers and mortuary workers. This study measures the formaldehyde levels both indoor and outdoor at some selected mortuaries in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Air samples were taken from various rooms, corridors and immediate environment of these mortuaries using the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazine hydrochloride method. Temperature and relative humidity were also measured and a survey on the potential formaldehyde sources in these facilities and health effects were administered to respondents at the same time. The levels of formaldehyde recorded for mortuaries in this study ranged between 14-710μg/m3. Temperature and relative humidity were positively correlated with the level of formaldehyde (p=0.003). Workers in the mortuaries complained of symptoms such as eye irritation, nose and throat irritations, headaches and sometimes vomiting. These symptoms are related to specific place of activity within the facility and how frequent a particular worker visits or comes to work weekly. The hazard quotient values calculated ranged from 0.1 to 5.2.","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89880317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100015
Botello Av
{"title":"Microplastics And Bisphenol A (BPA) In Sediments Of Coastal Lagoons Of Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"Botello Av","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87977705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100016
S. Kawamura
Citation: Kawamura S, Yamazoe H, Hosokawa Y (2020) Diurnal Gain and Nocturnal Reduction of Body Weight in Young Adult Rabbits: The Reverse of the Circadian Rhythm Observed in Rats and Mice. J Toxicol Cur Res 4: 016. Abstract Understanding circadian rhythms in experimental animals is im-portant to comprehensively evaluate animal responses to chemical exposure and gain deep insight into the pharmacological and toxico- logical effects of chemical exposure. Animals may respond different-ly to chemical exposure at different time points because many bodily functions have daily rhythms. In rats and mice, major experimental animals used in toxicology studies, circadian changes in physi- ological parameters including body weight, food consumption and hormones have been reported. In rabbits, the other principal experimental animal in teratology, circadian rhythms of behavioural functions such as physical activity and food intake, but not body weight change, have been described. To better understand fundamental biological characteristics of rabbits, we measured body weight and food consumption of male and female rabbits of two strains in the morning and evening for several days, calculating diurnal and nocturnal body weight changes and food intake per hour during the interval. Rabbits as well as rats and mice ate more at night than during the day. Nevertheless, rabbits showed diurnal increase and nocturnal decrease of body weight. This is the reverse of the circadian change observed in rats and mice. There was no strain-specific difference in the circadian rhythms in body weight and food consumption in rabbits. Male and female rabbits showed a similar daily rhythm in body weight and food consumption. In conclusion, there was a remark-able species difference in circadian rhythm in body weight between rats and rabbits.
{"title":"Diurnal Gain And Nocturnal Reduction Of Body Weight In Young Adult Rabbits: The Reverse Of The Circadian Rhythm Observed In Rats And Mice","authors":"S. Kawamura","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100016","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Kawamura S, Yamazoe H, Hosokawa Y (2020) Diurnal Gain and Nocturnal Reduction of Body Weight in Young Adult Rabbits: The Reverse of the Circadian Rhythm Observed in Rats and Mice. J Toxicol Cur Res 4: 016. Abstract Understanding circadian rhythms in experimental animals is im-portant to comprehensively evaluate animal responses to chemical exposure and gain deep insight into the pharmacological and toxico- logical effects of chemical exposure. Animals may respond different-ly to chemical exposure at different time points because many bodily functions have daily rhythms. In rats and mice, major experimental animals used in toxicology studies, circadian changes in physi- ological parameters including body weight, food consumption and hormones have been reported. In rabbits, the other principal experimental animal in teratology, circadian rhythms of behavioural functions such as physical activity and food intake, but not body weight change, have been described. To better understand fundamental biological characteristics of rabbits, we measured body weight and food consumption of male and female rabbits of two strains in the morning and evening for several days, calculating diurnal and nocturnal body weight changes and food intake per hour during the interval. Rabbits as well as rats and mice ate more at night than during the day. Nevertheless, rabbits showed diurnal increase and nocturnal decrease of body weight. This is the reverse of the circadian change observed in rats and mice. There was no strain-specific difference in the circadian rhythms in body weight and food consumption in rabbits. Male and female rabbits showed a similar daily rhythm in body weight and food consumption. In conclusion, there was a remark-able species difference in circadian rhythm in body weight between rats and rabbits.","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75740758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01Epub Date: 2020-06-17DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100019
Brian C Palmer, Lisa A DeLouise
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are commonly found in consumer products, such as sunscreens, and human dermal exposures are relatively high. Research suggests potential differences in the toxicity of anatase and rutile crystalline forms of TiO2. Additionally, transition metal dopants are frequently used to enhance physicochemical properties of TiO2, and the toxicity of these nanoparticles are not extensively studied. Therefore, this work examined the keratinocyte toxicity and in vivo skin allergy responses after treatment with 30 nm anatase, 30 nm rutile, or <100 nm Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. After a 24-hour exposure, there were no differences in keratinocyte cytotoxicity; however, Mn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles induced significant in vitro ROS generation and in vivo skin swelling responses in a model of allergic contact dermatitis.
{"title":"Morphology-dependent titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced keratinocyte toxicity and exacerbation of allergic contact dermatitis.","authors":"Brian C Palmer, Lisa A DeLouise","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100019","DOIUrl":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles are commonly found in consumer products, such as sunscreens, and human dermal exposures are relatively high. Research suggests potential differences in the toxicity of anatase and rutile crystalline forms of TiO<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, transition metal dopants are frequently used to enhance physicochemical properties of TiO<sub>2</sub>, and the toxicity of these nanoparticles are not extensively studied. Therefore, this work examined the keratinocyte toxicity and <i>in vivo</i> skin allergy responses after treatment with 30 nm anatase, 30 nm rutile, or <100 nm Mn-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. After a 24-hour exposure, there were no differences in keratinocyte cytotoxicity; however, Mn-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles induced significant <i>in vitro</i> ROS generation and <i>in vivo</i> skin swelling responses in a model of allergic contact dermatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7643926/pdf/nihms-1640696.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38579707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100013
Salinas M Esther
{"title":"Prolonged Exposure To Ultrafine Black Carbon (UBC) In Combination With Microbial Proxies Trigger Oxidative, Proliferative, And Innate Immune Perturbations In Pulmonary Lung-Derived Cells","authors":"Salinas M Esther","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74569741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100011
Wállex Matias Pedroso Souza
A Neglected Health Abstract Accidents caused by venomous animals are an important global neglected disease with high impact in Brazilian Amazon. The sub- stantial numbers of envenomings registered in the Amazon region can be explained by the optimal conditions for the venomous fauna ( e.g climate), however, the numbers are underestimated owing to extensive under-reporting. This study carried out an epidemiological study of envenomings caused by venomous animals in the state of Roraima, the Brazil’s Northernmost state within a typical vegetation of Amazon rainforest. Envenomings by venomous animals between 2013 and 2016 were collected from 15 municipalities of Roraima and statistically analyzed using different parameters. Data were collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). During the studied period, Roraima presented 2,239 envenomings within venomous animals, with most of them registered in the capital Boa Vista. In addition, male victims between 20 and 39-years old prevailed. Regarding the length of time between the accident and therapy ( i.e antivenom administration), 72.7% of the victims were treated in less than 6 hours. Fortunately, most of the Roraima en- venomings were classified as mild, with exception to snakebites, in which victims were associated to present moderate envenomings, although deaths were considered rare. The high incidence of en- venomings caused by venomous animals in Roraima, as well as the induced-moderate severity in victims of snakebites,contribute to the knowledge of the local reality, which is needed to advocate mea sures that aim to reduce the accidents by venomous animal attacks and promote therapeutic measures, such as supplying of specific antivenoms in places where they are most required.
{"title":"Envenomings Caused By Venomous Animals In Roraima: A Neglected Health Problem In The Brazil’s Northernmost State","authors":"Wállex Matias Pedroso Souza","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100011","url":null,"abstract":"A Neglected Health Abstract Accidents caused by venomous animals are an important global neglected disease with high impact in Brazilian Amazon. The sub- stantial numbers of envenomings registered in the Amazon region can be explained by the optimal conditions for the venomous fauna ( e.g climate), however, the numbers are underestimated owing to extensive under-reporting. This study carried out an epidemiological study of envenomings caused by venomous animals in the state of Roraima, the Brazil’s Northernmost state within a typical vegetation of Amazon rainforest. Envenomings by venomous animals between 2013 and 2016 were collected from 15 municipalities of Roraima and statistically analyzed using different parameters. Data were collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). During the studied period, Roraima presented 2,239 envenomings within venomous animals, with most of them registered in the capital Boa Vista. In addition, male victims between 20 and 39-years old prevailed. Regarding the length of time between the accident and therapy ( i.e antivenom administration), 72.7% of the victims were treated in less than 6 hours. Fortunately, most of the Roraima en- venomings were classified as mild, with exception to snakebites, in which victims were associated to present moderate envenomings, although deaths were considered rare. The high incidence of en- venomings caused by venomous animals in Roraima, as well as the induced-moderate severity in victims of snakebites,contribute to the knowledge of the local reality, which is needed to advocate mea sures that aim to reduce the accidents by venomous animal attacks and promote therapeutic measures, such as supplying of specific antivenoms in places where they are most required.","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86875054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.24966/tcr-3735/100007
M. Kara
{"title":"In-Vitro Investigation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Benzimidazole Group Pesticides Benomyl and Carbendazim","authors":"M. Kara","doi":"10.24966/tcr-3735/100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/tcr-3735/100007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93103,"journal":{"name":"HSOA journal of toxicology : current research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74812325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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