Animal models have great importance in the research of human neurodegenerative diseases due to their value in symptom mimicking, mechanism investigation, and preclinical tests. Although non-human primate and large animal models have good performance in disease modeling due to their high maintenance cost and critical ethical standards, rodent models are commonly used. Rodent models have been successfully applied in modeling many neurological diseases; however, their genetic background, neuroanatomical features, and nervous system development are different from those of humans. Moreover, the short lifespan and small body size of rodent models also limit the monitoring of disease progression and observation of clinical symptoms in studying neuronal disorders that are late-onset or have a long course of progression. In comparison with rodents, rabbits are phylogenetically closer to humans and have closer similarities to humans in brain development, thus are an alternate animal model for human neurological diseases.
{"title":"Genome-edited rabbit, a prospective alternative model for neurological diseases","authors":"Zhongtian Zhang, Yuning Song, L. Lai, Zhanjun Li","doi":"10.20517/and.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/and.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Animal models have great importance in the research of human neurodegenerative diseases due to their value in symptom mimicking, mechanism investigation, and preclinical tests. Although non-human primate and large animal models have good performance in disease modeling due to their high maintenance cost and critical ethical standards, rodent models are commonly used. Rodent models have been successfully applied in modeling many neurological diseases; however, their genetic background, neuroanatomical features, and nervous system development are different from those of humans. Moreover, the short lifespan and small body size of rodent models also limit the monitoring of disease progression and observation of clinical symptoms in studying neuronal disorders that are late-onset or have a long course of progression. In comparison with rodents, rabbits are phylogenetically closer to humans and have closer similarities to humans in brain development, thus are an alternate animal model for human neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90058775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingshan Wang, Sheng Song, Lulu Jiang, Jau-Shyong Hong
The role of norepinephrine (NE) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been well investigated until recently. The purpose of this perspective article is to review evidence supporting the idea that dysfunction of the locus coeruleus (LC)/NE system in the brain may be fundamentally linked to the pathogenesis of PD. Compelling evidence demonstrates that loss of NE neurons in the LC is sufficient to initiate chronic neuroinflammation, resulting in a progressive and sequential loss of neuronal populations in the brain. This article summarizes the critical role of both microglial and neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), the superoxide and reactive oxygen species generating enzyme, as an important regulator of chronic neuroinflammation. Moreover, NOX2 inhibitors show high efficacy in halting chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and neurodegeneration in several animal PD models. This line of research offers a promising disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for PD.
{"title":"Interplay among norepinephrine, NOX2, and neuroinflammation: key players in Parkinson’s disease and prime targets for therapies","authors":"Qingshan Wang, Sheng Song, Lulu Jiang, Jau-Shyong Hong","doi":"10.20517/and.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/and.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"The role of norepinephrine (NE) in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has not been well investigated until recently. The purpose of this perspective article is to review evidence supporting the idea that dysfunction of the locus coeruleus (LC)/NE system in the brain may be fundamentally linked to the pathogenesis of PD. Compelling evidence demonstrates that loss of NE neurons in the LC is sufficient to initiate chronic neuroinflammation, resulting in a progressive and sequential loss of neuronal populations in the brain. This article summarizes the critical role of both microglial and neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), the superoxide and reactive oxygen species generating enzyme, as an important regulator of chronic neuroinflammation. Moreover, NOX2 inhibitors show high efficacy in halting chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and neurodegeneration in several animal PD models. This line of research offers a promising disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for PD.","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82115168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
article: Mild cognitive impairment vs . mild cognitive dysfunctions: validation with a nomothetic network approach. Abstract Aim: No studies have examined whether interactions between the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele and peripheral biomarkers, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact the neurocognitive, behavioral, and social dysfunctions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to clinically define and biologically validate a subgroup of aMCI subjects who take up an intermediate position between controls and AD patients. age, and education. The OBD index was used to construct three subgroups (normal, medium, and high OBD) with the medium group ( n = 45) showing mild cognitive dysfunctions (MCD) in memory, language, orientation, and ADL. People with MCD show OBD and BIORISK scores that are significantly different from controls and AD. Conclusion: Petersen’s aMCI criteria cannot be validated and should be replaced by the more restrictive, biologically validated MCD class. statistical significance. Two-step cluster analysis was employed to define clusters of patients based on the cognitome and phenome features. Nearest neighbor analysis was employed to classify subjects based on their feature similarities. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS windows version 25. phenome latent vectors extracted by PLS scores (3k, Euclidian distance, training sample of 70%, and a holdout sample of 30%), and this analysis showed 45.0% misclassifications in both the training and holdout samples with many aMCI subjects being allocated to the normal control class.
文章:轻度认知障碍vs。轻度认知功能障碍:用本体网络方法验证。目的:载脂蛋白E4 (ApoE4)等位基因与外周生物标志物、高血压和2型糖尿病(T2DM)之间的相互作用是否会影响遗忘性轻度认知障碍(aMCI)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的神经认知、行为和社会功能障碍，目前尚无研究。我们的目的是临床定义和生物学验证一个介于对照组和AD患者之间的aMCI受试者亚组。年龄和教育。使用OBD指数构建三个亚组(正常、中等和高OBD)，中等组(n = 45)在记忆、语言、定向和ADL方面表现为轻度认知功能障碍(MCD)。MCD患者的OBD和BIORISK评分与对照组和AD显著不同。结论:Petersen的aMCI标准不能被验证，应该被更严格的、生物学验证的MCD分类所取代。统计学意义。采用两步聚类分析，根据认知组和表型组特征确定患者聚类。采用最近邻分析法，根据特征相似性对被试进行分类。所有统计分析均使用IBM SPSS windows version 25进行。通过PLS评分(3k，欧氏距离，训练样本为70%，保留样本为30%)提取的表型潜在向量，该分析显示，在训练样本和保留样本中，有45.0%的错误分类，其中许多aMCI受试者被分配到正常对照类。
{"title":"Mild cognitive impairment vs. mild cognitive dysfunctions: validation with a nomothetic network approach","authors":"M. Maes, S. Tangwongchai","doi":"10.20517/and.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/and.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"article: Mild cognitive impairment vs . mild cognitive dysfunctions: validation with a nomothetic network approach. Abstract Aim: No studies have examined whether interactions between the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele and peripheral biomarkers, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may impact the neurocognitive, behavioral, and social dysfunctions in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to clinically define and biologically validate a subgroup of aMCI subjects who take up an intermediate position between controls and AD patients. age, and education. The OBD index was used to construct three subgroups (normal, medium, and high OBD) with the medium group ( n = 45) showing mild cognitive dysfunctions (MCD) in memory, language, orientation, and ADL. People with MCD show OBD and BIORISK scores that are significantly different from controls and AD. Conclusion: Petersen’s aMCI criteria cannot be validated and should be replaced by the more restrictive, biologically validated MCD class. statistical significance. Two-step cluster analysis was employed to define clusters of patients based on the cognitome and phenome features. Nearest neighbor analysis was employed to classify subjects based on their feature similarities. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS windows version 25. phenome latent vectors extracted by PLS scores (3k, Euclidian distance, training sample of 70%, and a holdout sample of 30%), and this analysis showed 45.0% misclassifications in both the training and holdout samples with many aMCI subjects being allocated to the normal control class.","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89681597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Wolters, T. Strekalova, J. P. Munter, B. Kramer
Naive BM-derived stem cells (Neuro-Cells) may modify acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders by modulating macrophage behaviors. Ageing Neur Abstract In acute traumatic or hypoxic brain and spinal cord lesions, as well as in chronic idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders induced by a genetic/environmental/idiopathic protein misfolding with aggregation, emerging evidence indicates that primary necrosis, as induced by the underlying event, initiates a secondary inflammatory process. In this secondary process, responsible for significant neurological deterioration, a microglia type M1/M2 misbalance plays a major role. Indeed, both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders share a common pathway: a M1/M2 misbalance-induced hyperinflammatory process with a lack of response to conventional anti-inflammatory interventions. In recent literature, however, both in preclinical and clinical neurodegenerative conditions, these processes were suggested to be sensitive for interventions with stem cells. Intrathecal interventions with a fresh, not-manipulated (naïve) bone marrow-derived stem cell preparation, after positive selection of pro-inflammatory substances (Neuro-Cells), were found to prevent/reduce secondary necrosis-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes in both immune-compromised and otherwise healthy experimental animal models. Therefore, it seems justified to further encourage clinical trials applying autologous BM-derived naïve stem cells in patients suffering from those debilitating neurodegenerative conditions.
{"title":"Naive BM-derived stem cells (Neuro-Cells) may modify acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders by modulating macrophage behaviors","authors":"E. Wolters, T. Strekalova, J. P. Munter, B. Kramer","doi":"10.20517/and.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/and.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Naive BM-derived stem cells (Neuro-Cells) may modify acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders by modulating macrophage behaviors. Ageing Neur Abstract In acute traumatic or hypoxic brain and spinal cord lesions, as well as in chronic idiopathic neurodegenerative disorders induced by a genetic/environmental/idiopathic protein misfolding with aggregation, emerging evidence indicates that primary necrosis, as induced by the underlying event, initiates a secondary inflammatory process. In this secondary process, responsible for significant neurological deterioration, a microglia type M1/M2 misbalance plays a major role. Indeed, both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders share a common pathway: a M1/M2 misbalance-induced hyperinflammatory process with a lack of response to conventional anti-inflammatory interventions. In recent literature, however, both in preclinical and clinical neurodegenerative conditions, these processes were suggested to be sensitive for interventions with stem cells. Intrathecal interventions with a fresh, not-manipulated (naïve) bone marrow-derived stem cell preparation, after positive selection of pro-inflammatory substances (Neuro-Cells), were found to prevent/reduce secondary necrosis-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic processes in both immune-compromised and otherwise healthy experimental animal models. Therefore, it seems justified to further encourage clinical trials applying autologous BM-derived naïve stem cells in patients suffering from those debilitating neurodegenerative conditions.","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Karabiyik, Rebecca A. Frake, So Jung Park, Mariana Pavel, D. Rubinsztein
Autophagy is a catabolic mechanism that allows cells to deliver cytoplasmic contents to lysosomes for degradation to maintain energy homeostasis and to protect cells against stress. Autophagy has been directly linked to neurodegeneration and ageing by an extensive body of research. It has become evident that disruption of autophagy contributes significantly to age-related pathologies and to the cognitive and motor declines associated with “healthy” ageing. Autophagic dysfunction causes the accumulation of many of the toxic, aggregate-prone proteins that are responsible for neurodegenerative diseases, including mutant huntingtin, alpha-synuclein, tau, and others. Since upregulation of autophagy has been found to reduce levels of such protein species, the therapeutic potential of autophagy induction as a strategy against age-related diseases and a method for modulating longevity has been widely studied. Here we review the evidence supporting a role for autophagy dysfunction in the progression of the age-associated functional decline in the brain and age-related brain pathologies and discuss the available evidence that upregulation of autophagy may be a valuable therapeutic strategy.
{"title":"Autophagy in ageing and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"C. Karabiyik, Rebecca A. Frake, So Jung Park, Mariana Pavel, D. Rubinsztein","doi":"10.20517/and.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/and.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy is a catabolic mechanism that allows cells to deliver cytoplasmic contents to lysosomes for degradation to maintain energy homeostasis and to protect cells against stress. Autophagy has been directly linked to neurodegeneration and ageing by an extensive body of research. It has become evident that disruption of autophagy contributes significantly to age-related pathologies and to the cognitive and motor declines associated with “healthy” ageing. Autophagic dysfunction causes the accumulation of many of the toxic, aggregate-prone proteins that are responsible for neurodegenerative diseases, including mutant huntingtin, alpha-synuclein, tau, and others. Since upregulation of autophagy has been found to reduce levels of such protein species, the therapeutic potential of autophagy induction as a strategy against age-related diseases and a method for modulating longevity has been widely studied. Here we review the evidence supporting a role for autophagy dysfunction in the progression of the age-associated functional decline in the brain and age-related brain pathologies and discuss the available evidence that upregulation of autophagy may be a valuable therapeutic strategy.","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84889494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-07-15DOI: 10.20517/and.2021.07
Kathleen Carmichael, Breanna Sullivan, Elena Lopez, Lixin Sun, Huaibin Cai
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder, is clinically manifested with various motor and non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pas compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons (DANs) is generally attributed to the motor syndrome. The underlying neuronal mechanisms of non-motor syndrome are largely unexplored. Besides SNc, midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) DANs also produce and release dopamine and modulate movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Degeneration of VTA DANs also occurs in postmortem brains of PD patients, implying an involvement of VTA DANs in PD-associated non-motor symptoms. However, it remains to be established that there is a distinct segregation of different SNc and VTA DAN subtypes in regulating different motor and non-motor functions, and that different DAN subpopulations are differentially affected by normal ageing or PD. Traditionally, the distinction among different DAN subtypes was mainly based on the location of cell bodies and axon terminals. With the recent advance of single cell RNA sequencing technology, DANs can be readily classified based on unique gene expression profiles. A combination of specific anatomic and molecular markers shows great promise to facilitate the identification of DAN subpopulations corresponding to different behavior modules under normal and disease conditions. In this review, we first summarize the recent progress in characterizing genetically, anatomically, and functionally diverse midbrain DAN subtypes. Then, we provide perspectives on how the preclinical research on the connectivity and functionality of DAN subpopulations improves our current understanding of cell-type and circuit specific mechanisms of the disease, which could be critically informative for designing new mechanistic treatments.
{"title":"Diverse midbrain dopaminergic neuron subtypes and implications for complex clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Kathleen Carmichael, Breanna Sullivan, Elena Lopez, Lixin Sun, Huaibin Cai","doi":"10.20517/and.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/and.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder, is clinically manifested with various motor and non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of midbrain <i>substantia nigra pas compacta</i> (SNc) dopaminergic neurons (DANs) is generally attributed to the motor syndrome. The underlying neuronal mechanisms of non-motor syndrome are largely unexplored. Besides SNc, midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) DANs also produce and release dopamine and modulate movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Degeneration of VTA DANs also occurs in postmortem brains of PD patients, implying an involvement of VTA DANs in PD-associated non-motor symptoms. However, it remains to be established that there is a distinct segregation of different SNc and VTA DAN subtypes in regulating different motor and non-motor functions, and that different DAN subpopulations are differentially affected by normal ageing or PD. Traditionally, the distinction among different DAN subtypes was mainly based on the location of cell bodies and axon terminals. With the recent advance of single cell RNA sequencing technology, DANs can be readily classified based on unique gene expression profiles. A combination of specific anatomic and molecular markers shows great promise to facilitate the identification of DAN subpopulations corresponding to different behavior modules under normal and disease conditions. In this review, we first summarize the recent progress in characterizing genetically, anatomically, and functionally diverse midbrain DAN subtypes. Then, we provide perspectives on how the preclinical research on the connectivity and functionality of DAN subpopulations improves our current understanding of cell-type and circuit specific mechanisms of the disease, which could be critically informative for designing new mechanistic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8442626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39424372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 isspreading all over the world.The main symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough,fatigue, and myalgia. However, there are few reports onolfactoryand gustatory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19.Objective: To investigate the incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, in Wuhan, China.Methods:In this retrospective study,we collected 81 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from February 2020 to March 2020, and analyzed the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations (including olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions), laboratory findings,and comorbidities.Results: A total of 81 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolledin this study (38 males). The most prevalent symptoms include cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. On admission, 25 (30.9%) of all patients reported either olfactory dysfunction (OD) or gustatory dysfunction (GD), and 7 (8.6%) reported both OD and GD. 13.6% and 25.9% of allpatients reported OD and GD, respectively. OD and GD were not associated with disease severity. Pearson correlation analysisidentified some factors are positively correlated with OD and GD, including headache or dizziness (r = 0.342, P = 0.002), dark urine (r = 0.256, P = 0.021), IgM titer (r = 0.305, P = 0.01), and diabetes (r = 0.275, P = 0.013). In 81.8% of the cases with OD and 28.6% of the cases with GD, the symptomslasted for at least 1 month after discharge.3.6% of inpatients without OD developed OD after discharge.Conclusion:OD and GDare common in COVID-19.These symptoms appear early during thecourse of disease, and may last for at least 1 month.The incidence of OD and GDisrelated to neurological manifestations, diabetics, and IgM titers.
背景:由SARS-CoV-2引起的冠状病毒病2019 (COVID-19)正在全球蔓延。新冠肺炎的主要症状包括发烧、咳嗽、疲劳和肌痛。然而，关于COVID-19患者嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的报道很少。目的:了解武汉市新冠肺炎确诊患者嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的发生率。方法:回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院2020年2月至2020年3月收治的新冠肺炎确诊病例81例，分析其人口学特征、临床表现(包括嗅觉和味觉功能障碍)、实验室检查结果及合并症。结果:本研究共纳入新冠肺炎确诊患者81例(男性38例)。最常见的症状包括咳嗽、肌痛和食欲不振。入院时，25例(30.9%)患者报告嗅觉功能障碍(OD)或味觉功能障碍(GD)， 7例(8.6%)患者报告OD和GD。13.6%和25.9%的患者分别报告了OD和GD。OD和GD与疾病严重程度无关。Pearson相关分析发现，头痛或头晕(r = 0.342, P = 0.002)、尿色深(r = 0.256, P = 0.021)、IgM滴度(r = 0.305, P = 0.01)、糖尿病(r = 0.275, P = 0.013)与OD和GD呈正相关。81.8%的OD和28.6%的GD患者在出院后症状持续至少1个月，3.6%的住院无OD患者在出院后出现OD。结论:OD和GDare在COVID-19中常见。这些症状出现在病程早期，并可能持续至少1个月。OD和gd的发生率与神经系统表现、糖尿病和IgM滴度无关。
{"title":"Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China","authors":"Li Zou, Tingyan Yu, Yangyang Zhang, Li-xiang Dai, Zhaohui Zhang, Zhentao Zhang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-28370/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-28370/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 isspreading all over the world.The main symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough,fatigue, and myalgia. However, there are few reports onolfactoryand gustatory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19.Objective: To investigate the incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, in Wuhan, China.Methods:In this retrospective study,we collected 81 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from February 2020 to March 2020, and analyzed the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations (including olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions), laboratory findings,and comorbidities.Results: A total of 81 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolledin this study (38 males). The most prevalent symptoms include cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. On admission, 25 (30.9%) of all patients reported either olfactory dysfunction (OD) or gustatory dysfunction (GD), and 7 (8.6%) reported both OD and GD. 13.6% and 25.9% of allpatients reported OD and GD, respectively. OD and GD were not associated with disease severity. Pearson correlation analysisidentified some factors are positively correlated with OD and GD, including headache or dizziness (r = 0.342, P = 0.002), dark urine (r = 0.256, P = 0.021), IgM titer (r = 0.305, P = 0.01), and diabetes (r = 0.275, P = 0.013). In 81.8% of the cases with OD and 28.6% of the cases with GD, the symptomslasted for at least 1 month after discharge.3.6% of inpatients without OD developed OD after discharge.Conclusion:OD and GDare common in COVID-19.These symptoms appear early during thecourse of disease, and may last for at least 1 month.The incidence of OD and GDisrelated to neurological manifestations, diabetics, and IgM titers.","PeriodicalId":93251,"journal":{"name":"Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72878791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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