Pub Date : 2018-07-05DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000119
R. Richardson
As a result of working extensively with dozens of patients who had repeated exposure to toxins and solvents throughout their lifetimes, I wrote the article “Acquired Cumulative Neurotoxic Encephalopathy: Look toward the Future” which was published in the Academy of Medical Psychology Newsletter in March of 2015. Since then, I have reviewed hundreds of studies, and worked with additional patients, who have the onset of systemic disorders such as autoimmune disorders, multiple chemical sensitivity, allergic reactions, histamine intolerance, leaky gut, metabolic syndrome, and various myalgia conditions. Many of them can trace the onset of symptoms back to one point where they had, after repeated exposure to solvents or toxins, gone from relatively normal function to significant dysfunction. The premise of Acquired Cumulative Neurotoxic Encephalopathy and Acquired Cumulative Systemic Neurotoxic Effect is that there is a threshold at which the body cannot tolerate additional exposure to toxins without a significant reaction. This may be related to genetic sensitivities, failure of the body to eliminate toxins from the body, and/or cumulative damage to the physiological/biochemical systems of the body. One of the first commonly known cases is those who played the crystal armonica, a leaded-crystal musical instrument, where the musician would build up lead in their system over time to the point of risks lead poisoning.
{"title":"Acquired Cumulative Systemic Neurotoxic Effect: The Future of Medicine & Biopsychology","authors":"R. Richardson","doi":"10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000119","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of working extensively with dozens of patients who had repeated exposure to toxins and solvents throughout their lifetimes, I wrote the article “Acquired Cumulative Neurotoxic Encephalopathy: Look toward the Future” which was published in the Academy of Medical Psychology Newsletter in March of 2015. Since then, I have reviewed hundreds of studies, and worked with additional patients, who have the onset of systemic disorders such as autoimmune disorders, multiple chemical sensitivity, allergic reactions, histamine intolerance, leaky gut, metabolic syndrome, and various myalgia conditions. Many of them can trace the onset of symptoms back to one point where they had, after repeated exposure to solvents or toxins, gone from relatively normal function to significant dysfunction. The premise of Acquired Cumulative Neurotoxic Encephalopathy and Acquired Cumulative Systemic Neurotoxic Effect is that there is a threshold at which the body cannot tolerate additional exposure to toxins without a significant reaction. This may be related to genetic sensitivities, failure of the body to eliminate toxins from the body, and/or cumulative damage to the physiological/biochemical systems of the body. One of the first commonly known cases is those who played the crystal armonica, a leaded-crystal musical instrument, where the musician would build up lead in their system over time to the point of risks lead poisoning.","PeriodicalId":93346,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of neurology and brain disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46082403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-22DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000118
M. Bhatnagar, Reena Chittora
Sleep is essential for basic survival as well as for optimal physical and cognitive performance in both human beings and animals. Sleep is a normal human function that is detrimental to sustaining life yet; individuals are affected differently by their sleep schedule. However, the community at large often underestimates sleep and its importance, therefore leading people to not be as concerned with a proper night’s sleep, thereby preventing them from performing at peak efficiency. Sleep plays a vital role in learning and when a person fails to obtain enough sleep the night prior, neurons in the brain might not fire properly, the body becomes out of synch, and it can even lead to accidental physical injuries. As many studies have been conducted, the majority have seemed to come to similar conclusions- a lack of sleep can have detrimental side effects on the human mind and body and by regularly obtaining enough sleep each night; a person can function more efficiently
{"title":"Sleep is for Life: an Essential Part of Everyday Life","authors":"M. Bhatnagar, Reena Chittora","doi":"10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000118","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is essential for basic survival as well as for optimal physical and cognitive performance in both human beings and animals. Sleep is a normal human function that is detrimental to sustaining life yet; individuals are affected differently by their sleep schedule. However, the community at large often underestimates sleep and its importance, therefore leading people to not be as concerned with a proper night’s sleep, thereby preventing them from performing at peak efficiency. Sleep plays a vital role in learning and when a person fails to obtain enough sleep the night prior, neurons in the brain might not fire properly, the body becomes out of synch, and it can even lead to accidental physical injuries. As many studies have been conducted, the majority have seemed to come to similar conclusions- a lack of sleep can have detrimental side effects on the human mind and body and by regularly obtaining enough sleep each night; a person can function more efficiently","PeriodicalId":93346,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of neurology and brain disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42763993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-20DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117
Stephen Enwefa
This study investigated confrontation naming errors of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Clinicians lack a validated test battery for differentiating the communication disorders of patients with AD from either normal elderly or patients with aphasia [1,3]. The communication of AD patients is often assessed with one of the standardized test batteries for aphasia. This was done because of the marked discrepancy between language and other cognitive functions. A linguistic measure involving errors in confrontation naming was used to establish the extent of linguistic impairment of AD patients. A total of ten photographs were shown to twenty AD patients, (ten mild and ten moderate) and ten normal elderly. The results showed that naming errors increased as the disease progressed. The study concluded that the number of naming errors of AD patients increased as the severity of the disease progressed. ISSN: 2637-6628 DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117 On J Neur & Br Disord Copyrights@ Stephen C Enwefa, et al. Citation: Stephen C E, Regina E. Confrontation Naming Errors of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. On J Neur & Br Disord 1(4)2018. OJNBD. MS.ID.000117. DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117. 62 defined as a form of dementia characterized by a gradual loss of several important mental functions that interrupts the normal flow of life. It is perhaps, the most common cause of dementia in older Americans, and goes beyond just normal forgetfulness, such as losing your car keys or forgetting where you parked. Signs of Alzheimer’s disease include language deficits, memory loss that is much more severe and more serious, such as forgetting the names of your children or perhaps where you’ve lived for the last decade or two, and remembering when you had your last meal. Numerous studies have investigated naming errors in AD by classifying errors as visual, semantic or lexical in nature [4-6]. A common finding is that AD patients produce many semantic and/or thematic naming errors (i.e. shark for dolphin). The criteria by which errors are divided can potentially overlook interactions among perceptual and lexical-semantic processes.AD can be considered a multifocal disorder; one must consider the possibility that visual perception and naming are two unrelated areas of concomitant decline. However, there is evidence of a possible link between the two processes in visual perception tasks that require discrimination of real objects according to Tippett and Blackwood [7]. Studies have found that when healthy individuals underwent fMRI while performing a visual discrimination task between line drawings, they recruited relatively more anterior regions of the fusiform gyrus when the two drawings had high structural similarity and relatively more posterior regions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior occipital cortex when the drawings were lower in structural similarity. Together these findings pose that fMRI signal in mid-anterior areas are related to processing of detailed object stru
本研究调查了阿尔茨海默病患者的对抗命名错误。临床医生缺乏有效的测试组来区分AD患者与正常老年人或失语症患者的沟通障碍[1,3]。AD患者的交流通常用失语症标准化测试组之一进行评估。这样做是因为语言和其他认知功能之间存在明显的差异。使用涉及对抗命名错误的语言测量来确定AD患者的语言损伤程度。共向20名AD患者（10名轻度和10名中度）和10名正常老年人展示了10张照片。结果表明，命名错误随着疾病的发展而增加。研究得出结论，AD患者的命名错误数量随着疾病严重程度的发展而增加。ISSN:2637-6268 DOI:10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.0117 On J Neur&Br Disord版权所有@Stephen C Enwefa等人引用：Stephen C E，Regina E.阿尔茨海默病患者的对峙命名错误。关于J Neur&Br Disord 1（4）2018。OJNBD。MS.ID.000117.DOI:10.32474/OJNBD.2011.01.000117。62被定义为一种痴呆症，其特征是几种重要的心理功能逐渐丧失，从而中断了正常的生活。这可能是美国老年人痴呆症最常见的原因，而且不仅仅是正常的健忘，比如丢了车钥匙或忘记把车停在哪里。阿尔茨海默病的症状包括语言缺陷、更严重、更严重的记忆力丧失，比如忘记孩子的名字，或者忘记过去一二十年你住在哪里，还记得你最后一顿饭是什么时候吃的。许多研究通过将AD中的命名错误分类为视觉、语义或词汇，对其进行了研究[4-6]。一个常见的发现是，AD患者会产生许多语义和/或主题命名错误（即鲨鱼对海豚）。划分错误的标准可能会忽略感知和词汇语义过程之间的相互作用。AD可以被认为是一种多灶性疾病；人们必须考虑这样一种可能性，即视觉感知和命名是伴随衰退的两个不相关的领域。然而，根据Tippett和Blackwood[7]的说法，有证据表明，在需要区分真实物体的视觉感知任务中，这两个过程之间可能存在联系。研究发现，当健康个体在进行线条图之间的视觉辨别任务时接受fMRI时，当两幅图的结构相似性较高时，他们招募了相对较多的梭状回前部区域，而当两幅结构相似性较低时，招募了相对更多的梭状回回后部区域和枕下皮质。Bussey和Saksida[8]认为，这些发现表明，中前部区域的fMRI信号与详细物体结构的处理有关，因为这些区域对具有高结构相似性的图片和需要高结构处理特异性的图片敏感，但对其他类型的视觉相似性不敏感。Hajilou和Done[9]对这种常见神经基质的损伤。视觉辨别任务在可能获得结构和语义知识的程度上波动，可能会使人们意识到AD中的视觉感知或对象识别缺陷，这可能会影响图片命名错误[10-12]。需要匹配复杂形状的视觉识别任务不应依赖于对结构描述系统的访问。视觉辨别任务应有助于指导辨别过程。视觉辨别任务需要个人确定真实物体的线条图在不同视图中是相同还是不同的物体，需要精确的低级别视觉感知处理和对存储的结构表示的参考来帮助指导决策。视觉感知障碍可能通过多种潜在方式影响AD中的词汇语义处理。由于视觉输入减弱，视觉缺陷可能影响对抗命名[13，14]。图片命名错误被用来研究阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的语言缺陷。面对命名困难会混淆记忆测试的表现[4，10]。图片命名测试已被广泛用于研究AD患者的认知和语言缺陷。AD患者的图片命名错误随着疾病严重程度的增加而增加[5，14]。此外，AD患者可以命名的图片数量和命名错误的类型随着疾病的进展而变化，并确定AD患者的对抗性命名错误随着疾病的分期而增加。评估患者的认知能力是许多医学咨询的重要组成部分。
{"title":"Confrontation Naming Errors of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients","authors":"Stephen Enwefa","doi":"10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated confrontation naming errors of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Clinicians lack a validated test battery for differentiating the communication disorders of patients with AD from either normal elderly or patients with aphasia [1,3]. The communication of AD patients is often assessed with one of the standardized test batteries for aphasia. This was done because of the marked discrepancy between language and other cognitive functions. A linguistic measure involving errors in confrontation naming was used to establish the extent of linguistic impairment of AD patients. A total of ten photographs were shown to twenty AD patients, (ten mild and ten moderate) and ten normal elderly. The results showed that naming errors increased as the disease progressed. The study concluded that the number of naming errors of AD patients increased as the severity of the disease progressed. ISSN: 2637-6628 DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117 On J Neur & Br Disord Copyrights@ Stephen C Enwefa, et al. Citation: Stephen C E, Regina E. Confrontation Naming Errors of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. On J Neur & Br Disord 1(4)2018. OJNBD. MS.ID.000117. DOI: 10.32474/OJNBD.2018.01.000117. 62 defined as a form of dementia characterized by a gradual loss of several important mental functions that interrupts the normal flow of life. It is perhaps, the most common cause of dementia in older Americans, and goes beyond just normal forgetfulness, such as losing your car keys or forgetting where you parked. Signs of Alzheimer’s disease include language deficits, memory loss that is much more severe and more serious, such as forgetting the names of your children or perhaps where you’ve lived for the last decade or two, and remembering when you had your last meal. Numerous studies have investigated naming errors in AD by classifying errors as visual, semantic or lexical in nature [4-6]. A common finding is that AD patients produce many semantic and/or thematic naming errors (i.e. shark for dolphin). The criteria by which errors are divided can potentially overlook interactions among perceptual and lexical-semantic processes.AD can be considered a multifocal disorder; one must consider the possibility that visual perception and naming are two unrelated areas of concomitant decline. However, there is evidence of a possible link between the two processes in visual perception tasks that require discrimination of real objects according to Tippett and Blackwood [7]. Studies have found that when healthy individuals underwent fMRI while performing a visual discrimination task between line drawings, they recruited relatively more anterior regions of the fusiform gyrus when the two drawings had high structural similarity and relatively more posterior regions of the fusiform gyrus and inferior occipital cortex when the drawings were lower in structural similarity. Together these findings pose that fMRI signal in mid-anterior areas are related to processing of detailed object stru","PeriodicalId":93346,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of neurology and brain disorders","volume":"31 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-11DOI: 10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000116
Rodriguez Rivera Sofia Lucila
There is no specific treatment that can reverse or stop the course of the disease. The rapeutic management revolves around the restoration of synaptic function and maturation, since it has been shown that the deficitis at the level of micro circuits that involve synaptic transmission. The management is symptomatic and individualized. A multidisciplinary and dynamic approach is essential. The knowledge of the genetic causes allows a diagnostic confirmation, a family genetic counseling, an evolutionary prognosis and the application of a therapy to the disease in the very near future [7,8] (Figure 1). Abstract Rett sindrome is a severe neuro developmental disorder that is a leading cause of mental retardation in females, characterized by an apparently normal psycho motor development through the first 6 months of life, followed by stagnation and growth regression in different are as like motor, language and social skills; patients often exhibitautistic behaviors in the early stages. Other symptoms include seizures, breathing problems when awake such as hyper ventilation, apnea, and swallowing air; ataxia and stereotypich and movements. It is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encodingmethyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) [1,2]. One case is presented with positive molecular study.
{"title":"Rett Syndrome","authors":"Rodriguez Rivera Sofia Lucila","doi":"10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000116","url":null,"abstract":"There is no specific treatment that can reverse or stop the course of the disease. The rapeutic management revolves around the restoration of synaptic function and maturation, since it has been shown that the deficitis at the level of micro circuits that involve synaptic transmission. The management is symptomatic and individualized. A multidisciplinary and dynamic approach is essential. The knowledge of the genetic causes allows a diagnostic confirmation, a family genetic counseling, an evolutionary prognosis and the application of a therapy to the disease in the very near future [7,8] (Figure 1). Abstract Rett sindrome is a severe neuro developmental disorder that is a leading cause of mental retardation in females, characterized by an apparently normal psycho motor development through the first 6 months of life, followed by stagnation and growth regression in different are as like motor, language and social skills; patients often exhibitautistic behaviors in the early stages. Other symptoms include seizures, breathing problems when awake such as hyper ventilation, apnea, and swallowing air; ataxia and stereotypich and movements. It is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encodingmethyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) [1,2]. One case is presented with positive molecular study.","PeriodicalId":93346,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of neurology and brain disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49350157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000114
M. Gabriel
Sleep is defined as a natural decrease in the perception of the external environment that occurs periodically and reversibly, but retaining a certain degree of reactivity towards the environment and autonomous functions. The dream is considered an active process of biological, cyclical and, is essential for survival. Most adults require an amount of sleep between 7 8 hours per day; however, there are individual variations regarding the schedule, duration, and internal structure of the dream. In this regard, recent research has identified a possible genetic basis to explain these differences.
{"title":"Physiology of Sleep and Clinical Characteristics","authors":"M. Gabriel","doi":"10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000114","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep is defined as a natural decrease in the perception of the external environment that occurs periodically and reversibly, but retaining a certain degree of reactivity towards the environment and autonomous functions. The dream is considered an active process of biological, cyclical and, is essential for survival. Most adults require an amount of sleep between 7 8 hours per day; however, there are individual variations regarding the schedule, duration, and internal structure of the dream. In this regard, recent research has identified a possible genetic basis to explain these differences.","PeriodicalId":93346,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of neurology and brain disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000112
M. Gabriel
Since we become parents at the same time we become a mirror of the potential actions that our children can carry out; do not be surprised when we see our children raving at very early stages when watching a football match when we do it religiously on each Sunday, with its respective repetition on cable TV, the summary in “action†or even the controversy in “the move†. It also repeats the fact that to be drinkers or smokers our offspring by imitation do so with the typical conscience of “...if he can, why do not me ...?†And we believe that there is a genetic factor, which explains it, when the cry of the example is so strong that it silences the other voices of science
{"title":"The Importance of A Good Sleep” (or Also of Why the Pope Should Learn to Give Habits to Their Children)","authors":"M. Gabriel","doi":"10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32474/ojnbd.2018.01.000112","url":null,"abstract":"Since we become parents at the same time we become a mirror of the potential actions that our children can carry out; do not be surprised when we see our children raving at very early stages when watching a football match when we do it religiously on each Sunday, with its respective repetition on cable TV, the summary in “action†or even the controversy in “the move†. It also repeats the fact that to be drinkers or smokers our offspring by imitation do so with the typical conscience of “...if he can, why do not me ...?†And we believe that there is a genetic factor, which explains it, when the cry of the example is so strong that it silences the other voices of science","PeriodicalId":93346,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of neurology and brain disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45792245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：