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Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2167

COVER PHOTO: An Erman’s birch (Betula ermanii) forest in September 2016 at the treeline on Mount Norikura, central Japan. Windblown aphids originating in these forests drift uphill and fall on alpine snowpacks. They become critical foods for alpine birds, as described in Iijima and Murakami (doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70037). In autumn, the area turns yellow due to the autumn leaves of Erman’s birch. Photo credit: Daichi Iijima.

封面图片:2016年9月,在日本中部的Norikura山的林木线上,一棵桦树(Betula ermanii)森林。源自这些森林的蚜虫被风吹向山上,落在高山积雪上。正如饭岛和村上所描述的那样,它们成为高山鸟类的重要食物(doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70037)。在秋天,这片区域因桦树的秋叶而变黄。图片来源:饭岛大一。
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引用次数: 0
ESA 2024 Inspire Session: Experiences and Recommendations from Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Students and Professionals in Field Ecology ESA 2024启发会议:跨性别和性别不符合学生和专业人员在野外生态学中的经验和建议
Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70044
Randy Hartmann, Ezra Kottler, Sam Ahler, Roberta D’Camp, Rebecca Hayes, Shelby Rinehart
<p>Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGnC) scientists face many unique barriers to careers in field ecology. While traveling to field sites, body scanners at airports can trigger invasive pat-downs or harassment, and driving through states with restrictive laws may mean facing limited access to public restrooms or increased risks of harassment based on appearance. Even at field sites, the local laws targeting TGnC individuals can increase anxiety and risk, especially if medical emergencies arise. Humans can easily become one of the greatest field hazards.</p><p>To address these barriers, we organized a series of presentations for a TGnC-focused session at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Long Beach, California. We explored the experiences of TGnC field ecologists and highlighted their resilience, challenges, and triumphs. Centering on three key themes—overcoming barriers, finding gender euphoria in fieldwork, and fostering allyship—we aimed to shed light on what it takes to create safer, more inclusive spaces in the field. Here, we summarize those presentations to continue amplifying the voices of TGnC ecologists across various career tracks and stages to inspire meaningful changes in the field ecology community.</p><p>Over the past 6 years, I have worked numerous seasonal field jobs in different states with the goal of advancing my career in biology. For most of us, this is the reality of biology; we often travel to seek the best professional opportunities. About 3 years into this journey, I began transitioning from male to female and living as a woman. From then on, I had to make a particular effort to seek workplaces where I could do my best work untroubled by transphobia. I would like to share the process I used, with the hope it could be helpful to aspiring transgender scientists or allies who might want to know what it is like from our perspective.</p><p>For transgender and other gender-nonconforming people, job-hunting is a minefield with many layers. The highest level we must consider is the country in which a job posting is located, then the state/province, the city, the institution or company, and finally, at the lowest level, is the actual people we will encounter at work. Each of these levels must be assessed on its own.</p><p>It is important to note that transgender rights are eroding rapidly. As part of a broader anti-LGBT movement, hundreds of harmful bills are being introduced at the US state level each year. The decline that has occurred is stark. My transition began in 2021 while I worked for the Utah Department of Wildlife Resources. At the time, it was one of the few examples of “red states” that protected transgender state employees from discrimination. Now, it has one of the most extreme anti-trans laws of all, a “bathroom bill” that presents an extreme risk of danger to people like me.</p><p>For the national level, I use websites like <span>Equaldex</span> that monitor the legal situation
跨性别和性别非一致性(TGnC)科学家在野外生态学的职业生涯中面临许多独特的障碍。在前往现场时,机场的身体扫描仪可能会引发侵入性的搜身或骚扰,而开车经过有限制性法律的州可能意味着进入公共厕所的机会有限,或因外表而受到骚扰的风险增加。即使在现场,针对TGnC个人的当地法律也会增加焦虑和风险,特别是在出现医疗紧急情况时。人类很容易成为野外最大的危险之一。为了解决这些障碍,我们在加利福尼亚州长滩举行的美国生态学会2024年年会上组织了一系列以tgnc为重点的会议。我们探索了tgc领域生态学家的经验,并强调了他们的韧性、挑战和胜利。围绕三个关键主题——克服障碍、在实地工作中找到性别快感和培养盟友——我们旨在阐明如何在实地创造更安全、更具包容性的空间。在这里,我们总结了这些演讲,以继续放大tggnc生态学家在不同职业轨道和阶段的声音,以激发野外生态社区的有意义的变化。在过去的6年里,我在不同的州做过许多季节性的野外工作,目标是推进我的生物学事业。对我们大多数人来说,这就是生物学的现实;我们经常出差去寻找最好的职业机会。大约3年后,我开始从男性转变为女性,像女人一样生活。从那时起,我不得不特别努力地寻找工作场所,在那里我可以把工作做得最好,不受变性恐惧症的困扰。我想分享我使用的过程,希望它能对有抱负的跨性别科学家或盟友有所帮助,他们可能想从我们的角度了解它是什么样的。对于变性人和其他性别不一致的人来说,找工作是一个有很多层面的雷区。我们必须考虑的最高级别是职位发布所在的国家,然后是州/省、城市、机构或公司,最后,最低级别是我们在工作中实际遇到的人。每一个级别都必须单独评估。值得注意的是,跨性别者的权利正在迅速受到侵蚀。作为更广泛的反lgbt运动的一部分,美国各州每年都会出台数百项有害的法案。已经发生的衰退是明显的。我的过渡始于2021年,当时我在犹他州野生动物资源部工作。当时,它是少数几个保护跨性别州雇员不受歧视的“红州”之一。现在,它有了最极端的反跨性别法案之一,一项“浴室法案”,对像我这样的人构成了极大的危险。在国家层面,我使用像Equaldex这样的网站来监控不同国家LGBT群体的法律状况。我检查民意调查,检查法律和新闻。为了研究美国各州,我使用了运动进步项目和反跨性别立法风险图。各个城市的数据可以在City-Data上找到。我通过查看该市的选举投票数据以及总体LGBT人口来评估对LGBT的友好程度。我还搜索了当地的非营利组织和其他支持酷儿社区的社区组织,因为这些组织可以提供重要的资源,比如财政支持、心理健康咨询和人际关系。我通过查看机构网站上的使命宣言来判断它们对同性恋者的友好程度。它是否明确表示他们致力于支持跨性别和/或性别不一致的人?或者只是对“平等”的模糊承诺?任何类型的LGBT标志,或者任何公开支持酷儿群体的声明,都可以被认为是一面绿旗。这些天,当我们的社区受到攻击时,什么都不说和中立是不一样的。同样值得关注的是,该机构是否向酷儿组织或反酷儿组织捐款,以及它是否列出了有关员工跨性别医疗保健的政策。个别人员,如主管,可以在工作面试中进行评估。我经常问的一些问题包括:“你怎么做才能让这里成为像我这样的人工作的好地方?”相信你的工作场所适合酷儿是一回事。确信自己已经采取了具体的行动会更好。“这里有变性人工作吗?”如果是,考虑联系他们。 “如果主管或其他员工叫我****,你会怎么做?”如果发生严重的跨性别恐惧症,比如辱骂你,你的雇主有什么程序来解决这个问题?“我会被要求出差吗?”他们有没有意识到有些地方对酷儿来说很危险?他们期待你去那些地方旅行吗?我喜欢在我的求职申请中表明自己是跨性别者,在我的简历中写明我参与了“跨性别和性别不一致的实地工作联盟”。我宁愿提前把变性人清除掉。但重要的是要注意,不是每个人都能这样生活。有些酷儿必须对自己的身份保持谨慎。请记住,出柜的决定应该由你自己决定。重要的是,你要问问自己,工作场所本身是否适合你。例如,我之前在史密森尼工作时,我被要求随身携带身份证,这也是我所住的共享住房的钥匙。他们强迫我使用化名,所以我随时都有被暴露的危险。我请求我的同志生物学家们保持安全,希望我们能繁荣昌盛。我希望我的过程是有用的。从事野外生态学工作的最大优势之一是它创造了在令人难以置信的地方生活和工作的机会。我在丹麦的农田里数过蚜虫,在挪威的北极湖泊里收集过水蚤,在加利福尼亚的海峡群岛上调查过海藻,甚至在以色列的内盖夫沙漠里追踪过蜗牛黏液的踪迹。然而,作为一个酷儿,追逐这些机会往往会带来额外的焦虑和风险。对我来说,当我收到阿拉巴马大学博士后职位的邀请时,事业和安全之间的权衡才真正出现在我的视野中。在UA的职位几乎在各个方面都是理想的:(1)首席研究员(PI)有很高的声誉,(2)这些项目将扩展我在湿地生态系统生态学和恢复科学方面的技能,(3)合作将扩展我在海湾地区的网络,(4)这个职位将使我有相当大的自由与本科生一起建立自己的研究项目。然而,阿拉巴马州是美国性和性别认同平等最糟糕的州之一。事实上,阿拉巴马州对LGBT+群体的敌意几乎阻止了我在UA的职位,但我可以诚实地说,我很高兴它没有!我在UA的博士后职位上呆了两年多,直到我得到了我的第一个教职。虽然阿拉巴马州从未改变,我也很难获得医疗服务,但我也在那里找到了一些最不可思议的盟友。我的PI是公平和包容的拥护者,也是校园里LGBT+活动的直言不讳的支持者。她还花时间从我的经历中学习,理解我作为一个早期职业学者的观点。我的实验室同事们,包括实验室的博士生杰克·迪比克,也是有思想、有爱心的盟友。当我们在亚拉巴马州和密西西比州的乡村做田野调查时,杰克会站在浴室外面,直到我做完。当我们遇到陌生人时,他会站在旁边,以确保我的安全。这些简单的行为仍然是我作为野外生态学家的职业生涯中所经历过的最伟大的盟友关系。我绝不会鼓励LGBT+人群去冒险,但我确实鼓励LGBT+人群保持开放的心态,因为有时候你会在你意想不到的地方发现最支持你的人。我想把这部作品献给我的朋友、同事和泥浆中的伙伴杰克·迪比克博士,他于2023年7月在做他热爱的野外工作时去世了。我希望每一个同性恋人类都能有一个像他一样有爱心和支持的盟友。近几十年来,酷儿被用作动词,用来描述我们破坏和破坏权力体系的方式,最常见的是顺式异性恋规范。然而,我们也可以用酷儿来质疑我们对稳定身份的理解。最近,尤其是在大学/学院层面多元化、公平和包容(DEI)倡议的时代,身份政治出现了新的僵化。许多学科,尤其是STEM领域,正在采取行动,增加对不同声音和经验的包容。虽然这显然是一项重要而有价值的努力,但它导致了对DEI和身份的狭隘而僵化的理解。对于酷儿学生、研究人员和教师来说,他们发现自己的自我意识是由酷儿的流动性定义的,这带来了一个问题。传统的酷儿政治说辞表明,LGBTQ+人群“生来如此”,以此作为我们获得权利的理由。虽然酷儿身份是一种与生俱来的自我意识,它清楚地证明了获得权利的合理性,但这却将社区和个人局限在固定的、建构的身份中。 驾驭STEM,尤其是野外生态学,当你驾驭自己不断进化的酷儿身份时,可能会很有挑战性。这主要是由于DEI的固定观念限制了人们声称不同的身份(其中一些可能在STEM中或多或少被边缘化)
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引用次数: 0
Clearing a Path to Resilience: Removing Dead Coral Skeletons Following Marine Heatwaves Benefits Coral Recovery 清除恢复力之路:移除海洋热浪后死亡的珊瑚骨骼有利于珊瑚恢复
Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70043
Kai L. Kopecky

This photograph illustrates the article “Removing dead coral after marine heatwaves can mitigate coral-algae competition and increase viable coral recruitment” by Kai L. Kopecky, Gaia Pavoni, Massimiliano Corsini, Andrew J. Brooks, Bartholomew P. DiFiore, Fabio Menna, and Erica Nocerino published in Ecological Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70077

这张照片说明了《海洋热浪过后清除死珊瑚可以减轻珊瑚藻类的竞争,增加可存活珊瑚的补充》这篇文章的作者是Kai L. Kopecky、Gaia Pavoni、Massimiliano Corsini、Andrew J. Brooks、Bartholomew P. DiFiore、Fabio Menna和Erica Nocerino,发表在《生态应用》杂志上。https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70077
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引用次数: 0
Making Together Better: Guiding Effective Group Work for All Students 让合作更美好:指导所有学生有效的小组工作
Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70041
Rachel M. Pigg, Emily S. J. Rauschert, Jennifer O. Wilson, Suann Yang

Working collaboratively is a critical ecology practice, yet professional training in how to design and implement group work in our courses is limited. We offer suggestions from the literature and our own experience to help instructors enhance collaborative learning in their course. We also share professional development workshop materials that can build these teaching skills for the ecology education community. We invite instructors to adopt and lead our workshop at their home institutions and other professional society meetings. By working together to improve our collaborative curricula, we practice the skills we hope to instill in our students.

协同工作是一项重要的生态学实践,然而在我们的课程中,如何设计和实施小组工作的专业培训是有限的。我们从文献和我们自己的经验中提供建议,以帮助教师在他们的课程中加强合作学习。我们也分享专业发展工作坊材料,为生态教育界培养这些教学技能。我们邀请教师在他们的家庭机构和其他专业协会会议上采用和领导我们的研讨会。通过共同努力改善我们的协作课程,我们练习了我们希望灌输给学生的技能。
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引用次数: 0
Leveraging the Infrastructure of a Highly Modified Ecosystem to Support the Migrations of an Imperiled Species 利用高度改变的生态系统的基础设施来支持濒危物种的迁徙
Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70042
Benjamin P. Burford, Jeremy J. Notch, William R. Poytress, Cyril J. Michel

These photographs illustrate the article “Facilitated migration could bolster migrant passage through anthropogenically altered ecosystems” by Benjamin P Burford, Jeremy J Notch, William R Poytress, and Cyril J Michel, published in Ecological Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70070

这些照片说明了Benjamin P Burford、Jeremy J Notch、William R Poytress和Cyril J Michel发表在《生态应用》上的文章“便利的移民可以支持移民通过人为改变的生态系统”。https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.70070
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引用次数: 0
Opposing Effects of Natal and Adult Climate on Body Size in Iberian Magpies 出生和成年气候对伊比利亚喜鹊体型的相反影响
Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70031
Jesús Miguel Avilés, Carlos de la Cruz, Erick González-Medina, Auxiliadora Villegas, Juliana Valencia, José Antonio Masero

These photographs illustrate the article “Body size as a mediator of climatic effects: insights from a long-term study of social Iberian magpies” by Jesús Miguel Avilés, Carlos de la Cruz, Erick González-Medina, Auxiliadora Villegas, Juliana Valencia, and José Antonio Masero published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70130.

这些照片说明了题为“体型作为气候影响的中介:来自社会伊比利亚喜鹊长期研究的见解”的文章,作者是Jesús Miguel avil, Carlos de la Cruz, Erick González-Medina, Auxiliadora Villegas, Juliana Valencia和jos Antonio Masero,发表在《生态学》杂志上。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70130。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview of Current Education Efforts Within the Ecological Society of America 美国生态社会当前教育工作概述
Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70040
Kenneth M. Klemow, Christopher W. Beck, Loren B. Byrne, Carmen R. Cid, Mary Beth Kolozsvary, George A. Middendorf, Luanna B. Prevost, Amanda E. Sorensen, Justin R. St. Juliana, Natasha N. Woods

Education has been and remains an important focus within the Ecological Society of America (ESA). Since the late 1980s, the number of initiatives, sections, and committees devoted to education, especially at the undergraduate level, has increased greatly. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the education-related initiatives and groups within ESA (as of May 2025), especially to provide information for new members. Education activities within ESA are coordinated by the Office for Education and Diversity Programs (OEDP). The Education Committee, which reports to ESA’s Governing Board, engages in various education-related activities on behalf of the Board. Three sections within the ESA address education: the Education Section, the Researchers at Undergraduate Institutions, and the Communication and Engagement Section. ESA’s Four-Dimensional Ecology Education (4DEE) framework was endorsed by the Society’s Governing Board in 2018 and is overseen by a 4DEE Sub-Committee. Three working groups currently help to implement aspects of 4DEE, including nonmajors and general education, video and media, and integration. The ESA sponsors various online resources to support education, including the EcoEdDL digital library, the EcoEd email listserv, and the Teaching with Issues and Experiments in Ecology (TIEE) online journal. Education has become an integral part of the ESA’s Annual Meeting, where attendees can find numerous oral presentations, poster sessions and workshops, including the popular Resources for Ecology Education Fair and Share (REEFS). The Strategies for Ecology Education, Diversity and Sustainability (SEEDS) initiative is ESA’s flagship outreach program. The OEDP sponsors a Life Discovery-Doing Science Education Conference (LDC) that meets annually or semi-annually. Each year, the ESA formally recognizes an outstanding ecology educator through its Eugene P. Odum Award for Excellence in Ecology Education. ESA members wishing to become involved in ESA’s education initiatives should visit http://www.esa.org/education for more information.

教育一直是并且仍然是美国生态学会(ESA)的一个重要焦点。自20世纪80年代末以来,致力于教育的倡议、部门和委员会的数量,特别是在本科阶段,大大增加了。本文的目的是确定和描述ESA内与教育相关的倡议和团体(截至2025年5月),特别是为新成员提供信息。欧空局的教育活动由教育和多样性项目办公室(OEDP)协调。教育委员会向欧空局理事会报告,代表欧空局理事会从事各种与教育有关的活动。欧空局的三个部门负责教育工作:教育部门、本科院校的研究人员以及交流和参与部门。欧空局的四维生态教育(4DEE)框架于2018年获得了欧空局理事会的批准,并由4DEE小组委员会监督。目前有三个工作组帮助实施4DEE的各个方面,包括非专业和通识教育、视频和媒体以及整合。ESA赞助各种在线资源来支持教育,包括EcoEdDL数字图书馆、EcoEd电子邮件列表服务和生态学问题与实验教学(TIEE)在线期刊。教育已成为欧空局年会的重要组成部分,与会者可以在会上找到许多口头报告、海报会议和研讨会,包括受欢迎的生态教育资源公平和分享(珊瑚礁)。生态教育、多样性和可持续性战略(SEEDS)倡议是欧空局的旗舰外展计划。OEDP每年或每半年举办一次生命发现科学教育会议(LDC)。每年,欧空局都会通过尤金·p·奥达姆生态教育奖正式表彰一位杰出的生态教育家。希望参与欧空局教育计划的欧空局成员可以访问http://www.esa.org/education获取更多信息。
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引用次数: 0
Flotation vs. Floatation: Terminology Related to Methods for Aging Gamebird Eggs 浮选与漂浮:野禽蛋老化方法相关术语
Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70038
Andrew Barnas
<p>In studies of avian nesting behavior, it is often important to know the incubation stage of eggs, as this provides information for calculating nest initiation and expected hatch dates. In the context of parental investment theory, the incubation stage can be informative for understanding parental behavior based on how much time and resources have been invested in the current nest contents. For example, incubating adults may be more likely to abandon nests under perceived threat of predation during early stages of incubation, as little time has been spent incubating, but conversely may remain attendant at later stages of incubation, as more resources have been invested (Montgomerie and Weatherhead <span>1988</span>). Therefore, estimating the incubation stage of nesting birds is a key component of many field studies.</p><p>There are several methods to estimate egg incubation stage. Researchers can “candle” eggs by shining a light through the egg to directly observe the growing embryo (Weller <span>1956</span>), or use cameras to observe hatch dates to back-calculate egg ages on a different date. However, a common method in larger gamebirds is to submerge eggs in water to test the buoyancy of eggs (Westerskov <span>1950</span>). In this process, younger eggs tend to sink in water, but older eggs float to varying points in the water column based on the egg’s weight loss from evaporation of water through the eggshell. This buoyancy is also influenced by the growing air cell and the accumulation of gases inside the egg. This latter method has historically been referred to as “egg flotation” (Walter and Rusch <span>1997</span>, Rizzolo and Schmutz <span>2007</span>, Ackerman and Eagles-Smith <span>2010</span>).</p><p>Recently I reviewed a paper (unnamed here for anonymity) in which the submitting authors referred to the aforementioned method as “egg floatation.” Despite the seemingly obvious explanation that eggs “float” rather than “flot,” it is understandable that authors might use the less common variant of “floatation” rather than “flotation.” However, after a brief foray into the literature, I was surprised to see several examples of “floatation” used in several articles (Brua and Machin <span>2000</span>, McArthur et al. <span>2024</span>). Therefore, I thought it interesting and useful to briefly examine the difference between these two terms and explore explanations for their different use. While this is of course pedantic, terminology in Ecology and Evolution is important and often debated (Hanson <span>2006</span>, Chapman <span>2014</span>, Ellwood et al. <span>2023</span>), and can reveal insights useful to field practitioners.</p><p>A seminal paper which describes the method of testing egg buoyancy for estimating incubation age is Westerskov (<span>1950</span>) in the <i>Journal of Wildlife Management</i>. The paper was written by a European author, and uses British English in text (e.g., “dark-colored eggs”), but the author does not na
在鸟类筑巢行为的研究中,了解蛋的孵化阶段通常是很重要的,因为这为计算巢起始和预计孵化日期提供了信息。在亲代投资理论的背景下,孵化阶段可以为理解亲代行为提供信息,这是基于在当前巢穴内容中投入了多少时间和资源。例如,在孵化的早期阶段,孵化的成虫可能更有可能在感知到捕食威胁的情况下放弃巢穴,因为孵化的时间很少,但相反,在孵化的后期阶段,由于投入了更多的资源,孵化的成虫可能会继续放弃巢穴(montgomery and Weatherhead 1988)。因此,估计筑巢鸟类的孵化阶段是许多实地研究的关键组成部分。估计卵孵化期有几种方法。研究人员可以通过光照鸡蛋来“照亮”鸡蛋,直接观察胚胎的生长(Weller 1956),或者用相机观察孵化日期,以在不同的日期回溯计算鸡蛋的年龄。然而,大型猎禽的一种常用方法是将蛋浸入水中以测试蛋的浮力(Westerskov 1950)。在这个过程中,年轻的鸡蛋往往会沉入水中,而年老的鸡蛋则会漂浮在水柱上的不同点上,这是基于鸡蛋在蛋壳中蒸发水分所造成的重量损失。这种浮力也受到不断增长的空气细胞和卵内气体积累的影响。后一种方法在历史上被称为“鸡蛋漂浮”(Walter and Rusch 1997, Rizzolo and Schmutz 2007, Ackerman and Eagles-Smith 2010)。最近,我回顾了一篇论文(为了匿名,此处不具名),其中提交的作者将上述方法称为“鸡蛋漂浮”。尽管看似显而易见的解释是鸡蛋“漂浮”而不是“漂浮”,但作者可能会使用不太常见的“浮动”变体而不是“浮选”,这是可以理解的。然而,在对文献进行了简短的浏览之后,我惊讶地发现在几篇文章中使用了几个“浮动”的例子(Brua和Machin 2000, McArthur et al. 2024)。因此,我认为简要地检查这两个术语之间的区别并探索它们不同用法的解释是有趣和有用的。虽然这当然是迂腐的,但生态学和进化中的术语很重要,并且经常引起争论(Hanson 2006, Chapman 2014, Ellwood et al. 2023),并且可以揭示对现场从业者有用的见解。韦斯特斯科夫(1950)在《野生动物管理杂志》上发表了一篇开创性的论文,描述了测试鸡蛋浮力以估计孵化年龄的方法。这篇论文是由一位欧洲作者撰写的,在正文中使用了英式英语(例如,“深色鸡蛋”),但作者没有用“浮选”或“浮动”来命名这种方法。其他作者引用了Westerskov(1950),并将这种方法标记为鸡蛋“漂浮”(Brua and Machin 2000)或鸡蛋“漂浮”(Carroll 1988),或者奇怪的是,在同一篇论文中两者都有(McNew et al. 2009)。后一个例子表明,这两个术语可以互换使用,并且可以通过美式英语和英式英语拼写之间的差异来解释。《牛津英语词典》(英国版)收录了“浮选”一词,而“漂浮”一词没有被收录,而《韦氏词典》(美国版)则收录了“浮选”和“漂浮”,后者被描述为浮选的一种不太常见的变体(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/floatation)。甚至谷歌Scholar在搜索“鸟类的卵漂浮”时,也会提示“你是指”对“鸟类的卵漂浮”的更正。这为写作和术语更精确提供了另一个理由,因为优先使用一个术语可能会导致文献检索过程中忽略论文。但作为科学家,我们应该遵循语言的地理界限,还是我们有责任尊重术语的历史起源?这将很好地符合二项式命名法的优先原则,在二项式命名法中,最早给予物种的科学名称被认为是正确的。最简洁的解释似乎是动词“float”用来描述鸡蛋浸入水中观察浮力的动作,简单地与后缀“-ation”结合起来,将这个词转换成描述过程的名词。Walter和Rusch(1997)提供了这种动词-名词差异的一个例子,“估计的准确性随着漂浮的鸡蛋的年龄而变化;浮选倾向于在早期高估巢龄,在孵化后期低估巢龄。”在这里,“浮”被用作动词,用来描述鸡蛋浸入水中观察浮力的动作,但“浮选”被用作名词,指的是解释浮力的一般概念或过程。“Float”可能来源于古英语单词“flota”,意思是船(https://www.merriam-webster)。 Com/dictionary/float #word-history),它最初转换为名词“浮选”可能是“flot”和“-ation”的组合。因此,“漂浮”似乎是一个现代的修改,而“漂浮”可能具有历史优先权,应该是用于研究鸟类巢穴的适当术语。虽然我认为“浮动”是一个更合适的术语,但实际上,由于英语语言的流动性,“浮动”可能会在文献中持续存在。虽然这种迂腐的探索可能看起来微不足道,但我觉得这强调了科学写作中精确的重要性,并应促进关于方法清晰度的更广泛讨论。我们不应该用“淹没的鸡蛋”这样的语言来回避任何一个术语,而应该把这场辩论作为一个反思科学术语历史起源的机会。这个讨论也提醒我们,即使是语言差异,比如英式英语和美式英语,也会影响科学的解释和报告。
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引用次数: 0
New Neighbors on the Road: Bee-Eaters Abandon Traditional Colonies Along Marsh Borders 路上的新邻居:食蜂鸟放弃了沿着沼泽边界的传统殖民地
Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70039
Jacinto Román, Julio Blas, Giulia Bastianelli, Miguel A. Suárez-Couselo, Eloy Revilla, Marcello D’Amico

These photographs illustrate the article “Colonizers on the road: European bee-eaters shift nest-site selection to roadside habitats” by Jacinto Román, Julio Blas, Giulia Bastianelli, Miguel A. Suárez-Couselo, Eloy Revilla, and Marcello D’Amico published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70125

这些照片说明了Jacinto Román、Julio Blas、Giulia Bastianelli、Miguel A. Suárez-Couselo、Eloy Revilla和Marcello D 'Amico在《生态学》上发表的文章“路上的殖民者:欧洲食蜂鸟将筑巢地点选择转移到路边栖息地”。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70125
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引用次数: 0
Why Some Electric Fish Species Avoid the Moon While Others Don’t: Visual Capacity Shapes Risk Perception 为什么有些电鱼会避开月亮,而另一些则不会:视觉能力塑造了风险感知
Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.70037
Lok Poon, Michael A. Haag, Jorge Molina, William G. R. Crampton

These photographs illustrate the article “A sensory ecology of fear: Eye size predicts moonlight avoidance responses in Neotropical electric fishes” by Lok Poon, Michael A. Haag, Jorge Molina, and William G. R. Crampton published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70133

这些照片说明了Lok Poon、Michael A. Haag、Jorge Molina和William G. R. Crampton发表在《生态学》上的文章《恐惧的感官生态学:眼睛大小预测新热带电鱼对月光的躲避反应》。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70133
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
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