Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66515
Nusrat Jahan Nipa, Abu Hena Md Saiful Karim Chowdhury
Background: Paediatric diarrhoea, the burning issue of nowadays, drastically affects the child mortality and morbidity. Apart from virus and bacteria, parasites also play an important role in causing diarrhoea at that age group. Giardiasis, the most prevalent among the parasitic infections, though neglected yet carries significance because of its long term health issues. The aim of the study was to identify the intestinal parasites by wet mount preparation and further detection of the flagellated protozoan parasite, Giardia by special staining - Trichrome staining technique. Materials and methods: It was an observational cross sectional study which was carried between the periods of July 2019 to June 2020, where a total of 200 diarrhoeic patients up to 18 years were enrolled. Direct microscopic method was done where parasites were detected by wet mount preparation and further Trichrome stainning was performed for the detection of Giardia. Results: Out of 200 faecal samples, cysts of Giardia, ova of Ascaris Lumbricoides (AL) Trichuris Trichiura (TT) and both AL and TT were identified in 2.5%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 1.0% samples respectively by wet mount preparation. By Trichrome staining method we detected 3.5% of Giardia cysts. Conclusion: Staining technique could be applied in addition to wet mount preparation of stool samples. So that we could recover the undetected Giardia cyst in the aforesaid samples. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 111-114
{"title":"Status of Giardia Infection with Other Intestinal Parasites among Paediatric Patients in Tertiary Medical College Hospitals","authors":"Nusrat Jahan Nipa, Abu Hena Md Saiful Karim Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66515","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paediatric diarrhoea, the burning issue of nowadays, drastically affects the child mortality and morbidity. Apart from virus and bacteria, parasites also play an important role in causing diarrhoea at that age group. Giardiasis, the most prevalent among the parasitic infections, though neglected yet carries significance because of its long term health issues. The aim of the study was to identify the intestinal parasites by wet mount preparation and further detection of the flagellated protozoan parasite, Giardia by special staining - Trichrome staining technique. \u0000Materials and methods: It was an observational cross sectional study which was carried between the periods of July 2019 to June 2020, where a total of 200 diarrhoeic patients up to 18 years were enrolled. Direct microscopic method was done where parasites were detected by wet mount preparation and further Trichrome stainning was performed for the detection of Giardia. \u0000Results: Out of 200 faecal samples, cysts of Giardia, ova of Ascaris Lumbricoides (AL) Trichuris Trichiura (TT) and both AL and TT were identified in 2.5%, 1.5%, 0.5% and 1.0% samples respectively by wet mount preparation. By Trichrome staining method we detected 3.5% of Giardia cysts. \u0000Conclusion: Staining technique could be applied in addition to wet mount preparation of stool samples. So that we could recover the undetected Giardia cyst in the aforesaid samples. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 111-114","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75958394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66449
Syed Mahtab Ul Islam, Marina Arjumand, Md Nurul Huda, Rosanna Bintey Kamal, M. Haider
Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has an independent impact on outcome, even after correction of all other variables in critically ill patients . AKI in ICU is often associated with different biochemical metabolic derrangements as a result of sepsis and non-renal organ system failure. Adequate informations are essential to develop effective measures to prevent and control morbidity and mortality. This study was done to detect AKI with their associated biochemical abnormalities and outcome among admitted patients in intensive care unit of BSMMU. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, during the period of September 2015 to October 2016. A total of 105 patients who were admitted in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and intensive care medicine, BSMMU were included in this study. Patients who had pre-existing CKD, those on maintenance dialysis, with history of renal transplantation, Feature suggestive of chronic kidney disease were excluded. Baseline data were recorded accordingly. The study population was divided initially into two group (No AKI and AKI) then sub groups into risk, injury, failure and followed up till discharge or death. Results: Incidence of AKI was 37.14%. Mean increase in Serum creatinine was 64.53%, 132.87% and 375.01% from baseline for risk, injury and failure respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed risk (20%) injury (6.67%) and failure (10.47%). Associated acid base disorder, electrolytes imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, haemotogical disorder and hypoalbuminemia were found statistically significant between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that associated haematological abnormalities were positively correlated to the development of AKI. But among these no variables showed significant effect on RIFLE class population. Our study revealed overall morality is (53.8%). Mortality was highest in Failure class and most patients from risk class achieved renal recovery. Conclusion: The incidence of AKI in critically ill patient is high. Associated biochemical changes should be addressed properly to minimize fatality. RIFLE classification for AKI might help in recruitment of patients for predicting prognosis. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 53-58
{"title":"Associated Biochemical Changes and Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in ICU Patients and Impact on Rifle Classes","authors":"Syed Mahtab Ul Islam, Marina Arjumand, Md Nurul Huda, Rosanna Bintey Kamal, M. Haider","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66449","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has an independent impact on outcome, even after correction of all other variables in critically ill patients . AKI in ICU is often associated with different biochemical metabolic derrangements as a result of sepsis and non-renal organ system failure. Adequate informations are essential to develop effective measures to prevent and control morbidity and mortality. This study was done to detect AKI with their associated biochemical abnormalities and outcome among admitted patients in intensive care unit of BSMMU. \u0000Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Dhaka, during the period of September 2015 to October 2016. A total of 105 patients who were admitted in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and intensive care medicine, BSMMU were included in this study. Patients who had pre-existing CKD, those on maintenance dialysis, with history of renal transplantation, Feature suggestive of chronic kidney disease were excluded. Baseline data were recorded accordingly. The study population was divided initially into two group (No AKI and AKI) then sub groups into risk, injury, failure and followed up till discharge or death. \u0000Results: Incidence of AKI was 37.14%. Mean increase in Serum creatinine was 64.53%, 132.87% and 375.01% from baseline for risk, injury and failure respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed risk (20%) injury (6.67%) and failure (10.47%). Associated acid base disorder, electrolytes imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, haemotogical disorder and hypoalbuminemia were found statistically significant between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that associated haematological abnormalities were positively correlated to the development of AKI. But among these no variables showed significant effect on RIFLE class population. Our study revealed overall morality is (53.8%). Mortality was highest in Failure class and most patients from risk class achieved renal recovery. \u0000Conclusion: The incidence of AKI in critically ill patient is high. Associated biochemical changes should be addressed properly to minimize fatality. RIFLE classification for AKI might help in recruitment of patients for predicting prognosis. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 53-58","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76325309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66501
M. Roshid, Md Shahjahan Islam, R. Nath, Pronoy Kumar Datta, S. Begum, G. Chowdhury
Background: Propofol gains popularity due to its smooth induction and rapid recovery. But one of its side effects is pain during injection. So, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of tramadol and lidocaine pretreatment for alleviation of pain on propofol injection in our setting. Materials and methods: 80 patients of either sex (ASA grade I and II, age 20-50 years) who underwent elective Surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized into two equal groups (n=40). Group L (Control group) received pretreatment injection 2% lidocaine 40mg (2ml) Group T received pretreatment injection tramadol 50 mg (2ml). After that, 1/4th of calculated induction dose of propofol (2mg/kg) was administered. The level of pain was evaluated by four point verbal response scale. Results: The overall incidence of pain on propofol injection was lower in lidocaine (20%) than in tramadol group (22.5%). The incidence of score ‘0’ (No pain) was higher in lidocaine (80%) than in tramadol group (77.5%) but it is not statistically significant (p >0.05). Conclusion: pretreatment with 2% lignocaine and tramadol effectively reduced the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 90-94
{"title":"A Comparative Study between Intravenous Tramadol Versus Lidocaine Pretreatment in Reducing Pain on Propofol Injection","authors":"M. Roshid, Md Shahjahan Islam, R. Nath, Pronoy Kumar Datta, S. Begum, G. Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66501","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Propofol gains popularity due to its smooth induction and rapid recovery. But one of its side effects is pain during injection. So, the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of tramadol and lidocaine pretreatment for alleviation of pain on propofol injection in our setting. \u0000Materials and methods: 80 patients of either sex (ASA grade I and II, age 20-50 years) who underwent elective Surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized into two equal groups (n=40). Group L (Control group) received pretreatment injection 2% lidocaine 40mg (2ml) Group T received pretreatment injection tramadol 50 mg (2ml). After that, 1/4th of calculated induction dose of propofol (2mg/kg) was administered. The level of pain was evaluated by four point verbal response scale. \u0000Results: The overall incidence of pain on propofol injection was lower in lidocaine (20%) than in tramadol group (22.5%). The incidence of score ‘0’ (No pain) was higher in lidocaine (80%) than in tramadol group (77.5%) but it is not statistically significant (p >0.05). \u0000Conclusion: pretreatment with 2% lignocaine and tramadol effectively reduced the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 90-94","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"395 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77481484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66516
Tazeen Sultana, K. Begum, Kamrun Nessa Runa
Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are one of the common problem in obstetrical and gynaecological operations. It is related to the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality. Objectives of this study were, find out the rate of surgical site infection, frequencies of various pathogens causing SSIs and their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern in gynaecological and obstetrical operations in the Department of Obs & Gynae Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram. Materials and methods: This hospital based prospective longitudinal study was carried from January 2021 to July 2021 in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh. After operation, patients’ surgical wounds were inspected first on 5-7 th day and there after weekly up to 30 postoperative- day. If there had any features of wound infection, pus or discharge would have been collected from the wound. A total 100 pus or discharge were collected from the wound after obtaining written informed consent and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were processed following the standard laboratory technique.The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical test according to standard laboratory test methods. Results: In this study most of the surgical site infections were caused by gram negative organisms (90%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36%) was the commonest organism responsible for SSIs. Staphylococcus species were responsible for SSIs in 6% of cases. In case of gram negative bacteria Amikacin and Imipenem were sensitive to about 89% and 91% microorganisms. While in case of gram positive organisms it were about 78% and 89%. Commonly used antibiotics in our set up included Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime were sensitive in gram positiveorganisms 45%, 33%, 33% and 33% respectively. Butin case of gram negative organisms it were 76%, 63%, 79%, and 66%. Conclusion: Surgical site infections are the reflection of quality of hospital services. Once it was thought that the organisms responsible for the SSIs were derived from normal bacterial flora of the skin. But in last few years, it has been shown that the gram negative organisms are the main pathogens responsible for SSIs. Most of them are derived from the hospital environment.So the strict surgical ritual has come to mainstay in the management of the patients instead of being used antibiotics irrationally, which not only increases the chance of resistance to the micro-organisms but also glooming our future. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 115-121
{"title":"Antimicrobial Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern in Surgical Site Infections following Gynaecological and Obstetrical Operations","authors":"Tazeen Sultana, K. Begum, Kamrun Nessa Runa","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66516","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are one of the common problem in obstetrical and gynaecological operations. It is related to the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality. Objectives of this study were, find out the rate of surgical site infection, frequencies of various pathogens causing SSIs and their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern in gynaecological and obstetrical operations in the Department of Obs & Gynae Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram. \u0000Materials and methods: This hospital based prospective longitudinal study was carried from January 2021 to July 2021 in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh. After operation, patients’ surgical wounds were inspected first on 5-7 th day and there after weekly up to 30 postoperative- day. If there had any features of wound infection, pus or discharge would have been collected from the wound. A total 100 pus or discharge were collected from the wound after obtaining written informed consent and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were processed following the standard laboratory technique.The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s staining and biochemical test according to standard laboratory test methods. \u0000Results: In this study most of the surgical site infections were caused by gram negative organisms (90%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36%) was the commonest organism responsible for SSIs. Staphylococcus species were responsible for SSIs in 6% of cases. In case of gram negative bacteria Amikacin and Imipenem were sensitive to about 89% and 91% microorganisms. While in case of gram positive organisms it were about 78% and 89%. Commonly used antibiotics in our set up included Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime were sensitive in gram positiveorganisms 45%, 33%, 33% and 33% respectively. Butin case of gram negative organisms it were 76%, 63%, 79%, and 66%. \u0000Conclusion: Surgical site infections are the reflection of quality of hospital services. Once it was thought that the organisms responsible for the SSIs were derived from normal bacterial flora of the skin. But in last few years, it has been shown that the gram negative organisms are the main pathogens responsible for SSIs. Most of them are derived from the hospital environment.So the strict surgical ritual has come to mainstay in the management of the patients instead of being used antibiotics irrationally, which not only increases the chance of resistance to the micro-organisms but also glooming our future. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 115-121 ","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77778193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.67200
S. Das, P. Dutta
Background : Different studies had been carried out at different hospitals through- out the world to find out incidence and to assess the risk factor of ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. The aim of our study was to reach a consensus and to find out the best diagnostic tool to assess the incidence and associated risk factors ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. To assess the incidence and associated risk factors ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. Materials and methods : Endotracheal Tube (ETT) and Tracheostomy Tube (TT) blockage is a common phenomenon at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setup of hospital . This is a cross sectional study carried out in the Medical Centre Hospital Between July 2018 to June 2019. Total 60 patients were included in the study. Data were analyzed and presented as both qualitative and quantitative data as applicable using SPSS version 20.The quantitative data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation. The qualitative data were analyzed by Mc NEMAR test (Mc NEMAR X2 test). For all analytical test, the level of significance was set at 0.05 and p value equal or less then 0.05 was considered as significant, p value more than 0.05 was considered as not significant. Results : A total 60 patients were included in the study, who required mechanical ventilation support for different purposes either though ETT and/or TT. The Incidence of ETT/TT blockage was 9(15%). From those ETT was 6(10%) and TT was 3(05%) (p=0.042). Most causes of tube blockage was mucus 5(55.56%), debris 3(33.33%) and kinking of the tube 1(11.11%). The incidence of partial blockage was 5(55.56%) and complete blockage was 4(44.44%) consecutively (P=0.025). so it is statistically significant. During the night shift tube blockage was 6(66.67%) was slightly higher than the day shift, which was 3(33.33%). Conclusion : ETT and/or TT blockage is an expected outcome in ICU setup . In spite of all measures, keen observation is very important to find out the blockage problem for early intervention. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 132-136
背景:在世界各地不同的医院进行了不同的研究，以了解ICU设置时ETT和TT阻塞的发生率和评估危险因素。我们研究的目的是达成共识，并找出最好的诊断工具来评估ICU设置时ETT和TT阻塞的发生率和相关危险因素。评估ICU设置时ETT和TT阻塞的发生率及相关危险因素。材料和方法:气管内插管(ETT)和气管造瘘管(TT)堵塞是医院重症监护病房(ICU)设置的常见现象。这是一项横断面研究，于2018年7月至2019年6月在医疗中心医院进行。共纳入60例患者。使用SPSS version 20对数据进行定性和定量分析。定量资料采用均数、标准差进行分析。定性资料采用Mc NEMAR检验(Mc NEMAR X2检验)进行分析。所有分析检验的显著性水平设为0.05,p值等于或小于0.05为显著，p值大于0.05为不显著。结果:本研究共纳入60例患者，他们通过ETT和/或TT需要不同目的的机械通气支持。ETT/TT阻塞发生率为9(15%)。其中ETT为6例(10%)，TT为3例(05%)(p=0.042)。主要原因为粘液5例(55.56%)、碎屑3例(33.33%)和扭结1例(11.11%)。连续发生部分阻塞5例(55.56%)，连续发生完全阻塞4例(44.44%)(P=0.025)。这在统计上是显著的。夜班管堵6例(66.67%)略高于白班3例(33.33%)。结论:ETT和/或TT阻塞是ICU设置的预期结果。尽管采取了各种措施，但敏锐的观察对于发现堵塞问题进行早期干预是非常重要的。Jcmcta 2021;32 (2): 132-136
{"title":"Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tube Blockage in Intensive Care Unit","authors":"S. Das, P. Dutta","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.67200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.67200","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Different studies had been carried out at different hospitals through- out the world to find out incidence and to assess the risk factor of ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. The aim of our study was to reach a consensus and to find out the best diagnostic tool to assess the incidence and associated risk factors ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. To assess the incidence and associated risk factors ETT and TT blockage at ICU setup. \u0000Materials and methods : Endotracheal Tube (ETT) and Tracheostomy Tube (TT) blockage is a common phenomenon at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setup of hospital . This is a cross sectional study carried out in the Medical Centre Hospital Between July 2018 to June 2019. Total 60 patients were included in the study. Data were analyzed and presented as both qualitative and quantitative data as applicable using SPSS version 20.The quantitative data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation. The qualitative data were analyzed by Mc NEMAR test (Mc NEMAR X2 test). For all analytical test, the level of significance was set at 0.05 and p value equal or less then 0.05 was considered as significant, p value more than 0.05 was considered as not significant. \u0000Results : A total 60 patients were included in the study, who required mechanical ventilation support for different purposes either though ETT and/or TT. The Incidence of ETT/TT blockage was 9(15%). From those ETT was 6(10%) and TT was 3(05%) (p=0.042). Most causes of tube blockage was mucus 5(55.56%), debris 3(33.33%) and kinking of the tube 1(11.11%). The incidence of partial blockage was 5(55.56%) and complete blockage was 4(44.44%) consecutively (P=0.025). so it is statistically significant. During the night shift tube blockage was 6(66.67%) was slightly higher than the day shift, which was 3(33.33%). \u0000Conclusion : ETT and/or TT blockage is an expected outcome in ICU setup . In spite of all measures, keen observation is very important to find out the blockage problem for early intervention. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 132-136","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72458754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66513
Raju Chowdhury, M. Ashrafuzzaman, Arunima Datta, Nazmun Nur E Azam, Urmila Chowdhury, Md Shamsudduha Chowdhury
Background: Estimation of the age of an individual from the appearance and the fusion of the ossification centers is considered as a reasonable well accepted method in the field of medical and legal professions. Age estimation is essential during employment, marriage, fixation of criminal responsibility, judicial punishment, exercise of adult franchise and many other purposes. Bony age can be determine by the study of ossification centers of long bones through the appearance and fusion of epiphysis with diaphysis. The challenges during estimation of bony age are varying from place to place depending on geographic terrain, climatic, dietetic, hereditary, disease and other factor. So this study aimed to look out the status of fusion of ossification centers at the lower end of humerus for estimation of age among girls in Chattogram. Material and methods: This cross sectional observational study was performed in the period of July 2018 to June 2019on normal healthy student of 12 to 20 year age from the Prabartak School and College, Chattogram and Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram. The students (50 girls) were taken as subject and they were divided in eight groups according to their age. X-ray of the right elbow joint of each and every subjects were taken in antero-posterior and lateral view. The x-ray films were studied radiologicallyand interpreted to estimate the age byunion of ossification centers. Results: The average age of epiphyseal union in Chattogram was found as follows:Fusion of lateral epicondyle with capitulum in girls at 12-13 years. Fusion of capitulum withtrochlea in girlsat 12-13 years. Fusion of distal conjoint epiphyses with shaft in girls at 12-13 years. Fusion of medial epicondyle with shaft in girls at 13-14 years. Conclusion: In general the union of the ossification centers occurwithin 12-14 years in girls. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 100-104
{"title":"A Radiological Study of Ossification at the Lower End of Humerus for Estimation of Age among Girls in Chattogram, Bangladesh","authors":"Raju Chowdhury, M. Ashrafuzzaman, Arunima Datta, Nazmun Nur E Azam, Urmila Chowdhury, Md Shamsudduha Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66513","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Estimation of the age of an individual from the appearance and the fusion of the ossification centers is considered as a reasonable well accepted method in the field of medical and legal professions. Age estimation is essential during employment, marriage, fixation of criminal responsibility, judicial punishment, exercise of adult franchise and many other purposes. Bony age can be determine by the study of ossification centers of long bones through the appearance and fusion of epiphysis with diaphysis. The challenges during estimation of bony age are varying from place to place depending on geographic terrain, climatic, dietetic, hereditary, disease and other factor. So this study aimed to look out the status of fusion of ossification centers at the lower end of humerus for estimation of age among girls in Chattogram. \u0000Material and methods: This cross sectional observational study was performed in the period of July 2018 to June 2019on normal healthy student of 12 to 20 year age from the Prabartak School and College, Chattogram and Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram. The students (50 girls) were taken as subject and they were divided in eight groups according to their age. X-ray of the right elbow joint of each and every subjects were taken in antero-posterior and lateral view. The x-ray films were studied radiologicallyand interpreted to estimate the age byunion of ossification centers. \u0000Results: The average age of epiphyseal union in Chattogram was found as follows:Fusion of lateral epicondyle with capitulum in girls at 12-13 years. Fusion of capitulum withtrochlea in girlsat 12-13 years. Fusion of distal conjoint epiphyses with shaft in girls at 12-13 years. Fusion of medial epicondyle with shaft in girls at 13-14 years. \u0000Conclusion: In general the union of the ossification centers occurwithin 12-14 years in girls. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 100-104","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87248818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66500
N. Sultana, R. Begum, F. Yasmin, S. Akhter, Nazmin Sultana, Reshma Sharmin, K. Begum
Background: Vesico-Vaginal Fistula (VVF) is a pathology with severe social repercussions. Resolution of VVF can be achieved through multiple surgical, abdominal or vaginal techniques, which will generally depend on the fistula's characteristics and the surgeon's experience. In this study we describe our experience with vaginal approach to treat VVF using Martius graft repair. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 50 VVF patients operated in the fistula center of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, during the period of January 2013 to December 2014. The success rate and complications of Martius graft repair of VVF. Results: The leading age group was 26 to 35 years (50.0%) and age range from 16 to 60 years with a mean age of 32.1 (±SD 8.10) years. The majority (72.0%) was from low socioeconomic class and had short stature (64.0%).48% fistula was midvaginal, 28% was juxtracervical and 54% was <2 cm in size and 40% were associated with vaginal stenosis and urethral avulsion. In 36% cases postoperative complication were developed. 82% patients were fully cured, 6% cured with urethral incontinence, 2% cured with vaginal stenosis and in 10% cases surgery was failed. Conclusions: The vaginal technique for the treatment of VVF reinforced by Martius graft is safe and effective with low rate of complications. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 85-89
{"title":"Martius Graft Repair of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula: Experience at A Tertiary Care Center in Bangladesh","authors":"N. Sultana, R. Begum, F. Yasmin, S. Akhter, Nazmin Sultana, Reshma Sharmin, K. Begum","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66500","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vesico-Vaginal Fistula (VVF) is a pathology with severe social repercussions. Resolution of VVF can be achieved through multiple surgical, abdominal or vaginal techniques, which will generally depend on the fistula's characteristics and the surgeon's experience. In this study we describe our experience with vaginal approach to treat VVF using Martius graft repair. \u0000Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included 50 VVF patients operated in the fistula center of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, during the period of January 2013 to December 2014. The success rate and complications of Martius graft repair of VVF. \u0000Results: The leading age group was 26 to 35 years (50.0%) and age range from 16 to 60 years with a mean age of 32.1 (±SD 8.10) years. The majority (72.0%) was from low socioeconomic class and had short stature (64.0%).48% fistula was midvaginal, 28% was juxtracervical and 54% was <2 cm in size and 40% were associated with vaginal stenosis and urethral avulsion. In 36% cases postoperative complication were developed. 82% patients were fully cured, 6% cured with urethral incontinence, 2% cured with vaginal stenosis and in 10% cases surgery was failed. \u0000Conclusions: The vaginal technique for the treatment of VVF reinforced by Martius graft is safe and effective with low rate of complications. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 85-89","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83374792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66443
A. Karim, Maayenu, Rehnuma Urmi
Background: Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children with leukemia. To improve the quality of care and survival, it is important to understand the clinical presentation and bacteriological profile during febrile episodes of these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical presentation and bacteriological profile of febrile neutropenic and nonneutropenic pediatric leukemic patients. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) over a period of 12 months. Study population (n=60) were all hospitalized pediatric leukemic patients who were febrile and on anticancer chemotherapy. By purposive sampling two groups were made. Group A (n=30) was febrile neutropenic and group B (n=30) was febrile non-neutropenic patients. The Clinical presentation, bacteriological profile and antibiotics susceptibility patterns in both groups were analyzed. Results: Mean (±SD) age of the patients was 6.41±3.05 years. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients were high in Group-A (60%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) patients were high in Group-B(80%). Gastroenteritis, skin infection and sepsis were more in group A than group B (p<0.05). Upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more in group B than group A (p<0.05). Among 60 samples, 7 (12%) were blood culture positive for bacteria. The isolated organisms were E. coli, Klebsiellaspp, Salmonella, Staph aureus and others. Amikacin Meropenem and Vancomycin were the effective agents. Conclusion: Febrile neutropenic episodes were more common in AML patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gram negative sepsis, gastroenteritis and skin infection were high in febrile neutropenia, but upper respiratory tract infections were high in febrile non neutropenia. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 25-29
{"title":"Comparison between Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Febrile Neutropenic and Non Neutropenic Pediatric Leukemic Patients","authors":"A. Karim, Maayenu, Rehnuma Urmi","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66443","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children with leukemia. To improve the quality of care and survival, it is important to understand the clinical presentation and bacteriological profile during febrile episodes of these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical presentation and bacteriological profile of febrile neutropenic and nonneutropenic pediatric leukemic patients.\u0000Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) over a period of 12 months. Study population (n=60) were all hospitalized pediatric leukemic patients who were febrile and on anticancer chemotherapy. By purposive sampling two groups were made. Group A (n=30) was febrile neutropenic and group B (n=30) was febrile non-neutropenic patients. The Clinical presentation, bacteriological profile and antibiotics susceptibility patterns in both groups were analyzed.\u0000Results: Mean (±SD) age of the patients was 6.41±3.05 years. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients were high in Group-A (60%) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) patients were high in Group-B(80%). Gastroenteritis, skin infection and sepsis were more in group A than group B (p<0.05). Upper respiratory tract infections were significantly more in group B than group A (p<0.05). Among 60 samples, 7 (12%) were blood culture positive for bacteria. The isolated organisms were E. coli, Klebsiellaspp, Salmonella, Staph aureus and others. Amikacin Meropenem and Vancomycin were the effective agents.\u0000Conclusion: Febrile neutropenic episodes were more common in AML patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gram negative sepsis, gastroenteritis and skin infection were high in febrile neutropenia, but upper respiratory tract infections were high in febrile non neutropenia.\u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 25-29","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83189382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.67612
Pranab Kanti Mallick, Kakoli Chowdhury
Abstract not available JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 1-2
JCMCTA 2021;32 (2): 1-2
{"title":"Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) : A Global Issue of Lack of Knowledge and Skill among Medical Students and Health Care Personnel","authors":"Pranab Kanti Mallick, Kakoli Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.67612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.67612","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 1-2","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73736619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66444
Neena Islam, Mohammed Abdur Rahim, Prabir Kumar Das, G. Mostafa, M. Alam
Background: COVID-19 was an unknown disease previously. This pandemic has affected almost all countries of the world and creating a deadly experience to all. It leads to long term squeals among many affected people with consequent loss of productivity and quality of life. This entity is called long COVID syndrome. The objectives of the present study is to find out the long term sequels of COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: This was an observational study where a total of 56 patients of COVID-19 were recruited. Demographic data and long term sequelae were recorded from these patients. All the patients were confirmed cases of COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Prior consent from the patients and ethical clearance was taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS-20. Results: Among 56 cases male was 31(55.4%) and female was 25(44.6%). Male to female ratio was 1.24:1. Age group distribution showed <20 years was 4(7.1%), 21-30 years was 10(17.9%) 31-40 years was 12(21.4%) 41-50 years was 14(25.0%) and 51-60 years was 16(28.6%) Regarding occupation majority were service holder 34(60.7%).Fifty two(92.9%) were from urban areas Among 56 cases 48(85.7%) took treatment at home for COVID-19. Regarding vaccination history 4(7.1%) got no vaccination 18(32.1%) took Astra-Zenaca, 12(21.4%) took Moderna Biotech and 22(39.3%) took Sinovac vaccine. Regarding analysis of postcovid sequelae among 56 cases 25(44.6%) had fatigue, 7(12.5%) had cough, 4(7.1%) had shortness of breath, 12(21.4%) had chest pain or tightness, 22(39.3%) had memory impairment, 8(14.3%) had insomnia, 22(39.6%) had joint pain, 8(14.3%) had muscle pain or headache, 8(14.3%) had palpitation and 16(28.6%) had minor psychiatric illness like,depression or anxiety. Conclusion: Present study showed post COVID complications among significant number of COVID-19 patients.Thus COVID-19 is not only associated with loss of life but also with long term complications and loss of productivity that needs proper attention. JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 30-33
{"title":"Long Term Effects of COVID-19 among RT-PCR Positive Bangladeshi Patients","authors":"Neena Islam, Mohammed Abdur Rahim, Prabir Kumar Das, G. Mostafa, M. Alam","doi":"10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v32i2.66444","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 was an unknown disease previously. This pandemic has affected almost all countries of the world and creating a deadly experience to all. It leads to long term squeals among many affected people with consequent loss of productivity and quality of life. This entity is called long COVID syndrome. The objectives of the present study is to find out the long term sequels of COVID-19 patients. \u0000Materials and methods: This was an observational study where a total of 56 patients of COVID-19 were recruited. Demographic data and long term sequelae were recorded from these patients. All the patients were confirmed cases of COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Prior consent from the patients and ethical clearance was taken. Data were analyzed by SPSS-20. \u0000Results: Among 56 cases male was 31(55.4%) and female was 25(44.6%). Male to female ratio was 1.24:1. Age group distribution showed <20 years was 4(7.1%), 21-30 years was 10(17.9%) 31-40 years was 12(21.4%) 41-50 years was 14(25.0%) and 51-60 years was 16(28.6%) Regarding occupation majority were service holder 34(60.7%).Fifty two(92.9%) were from urban areas Among 56 cases 48(85.7%) took treatment at home for COVID-19. Regarding vaccination history 4(7.1%) got no vaccination 18(32.1%) took Astra-Zenaca, 12(21.4%) took Moderna Biotech and 22(39.3%) took Sinovac vaccine. Regarding analysis of postcovid sequelae among 56 cases 25(44.6%) had fatigue, 7(12.5%) had cough, 4(7.1%) had shortness of breath, 12(21.4%) had chest pain or tightness, 22(39.3%) had memory impairment, 8(14.3%) had insomnia, 22(39.6%) had joint pain, 8(14.3%) had muscle pain or headache, 8(14.3%) had palpitation and 16(28.6%) had minor psychiatric illness like,depression or anxiety. \u0000Conclusion: Present study showed post COVID complications among significant number of COVID-19 patients.Thus COVID-19 is not only associated with loss of life but also with long term complications and loss of productivity that needs proper attention. \u0000JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (2) : 30-33 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":93458,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73823813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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