We present a series of visual illusions, in which a stationary target composed of three dots can be erased in front of the viewer’s eyes by employing a limited number of stimuli moving near or behind the targeted dots. The simplicity of the configurations, including the target and moving stimuli, provides insights into the conditions that are necessary to achieve motion-induced blindness.
{"title":"Motion-induced blindness occurs with a simple motion mask","authors":"Masataka Suzuki, Rikako Noda, Kazufumi Takahashi","doi":"10.47691/joi.v4.9623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v4.9623","url":null,"abstract":"We present a series of visual illusions, in which a stationary target composed of three dots can be erased in front of the viewer’s eyes by employing a limited number of stimuli moving near or behind the targeted dots. The simplicity of the configurations, including the target and moving stimuli, provides insights into the conditions that are necessary to achieve motion-induced blindness.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139851472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a series of visual illusions, in which a stationary target composed of three dots can be erased in front of the viewer’s eyes by employing a limited number of stimuli moving near or behind the targeted dots. The simplicity of the configurations, including the target and moving stimuli, provides insights into the conditions that are necessary to achieve motion-induced blindness.
{"title":"Motion-induced blindness occurs with a simple motion mask","authors":"Masataka Suzuki, Rikako Noda, Kazufumi Takahashi","doi":"10.47691/joi.v4.9623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v4.9623","url":null,"abstract":"We present a series of visual illusions, in which a stationary target composed of three dots can be erased in front of the viewer’s eyes by employing a limited number of stimuli moving near or behind the targeted dots. The simplicity of the configurations, including the target and moving stimuli, provides insights into the conditions that are necessary to achieve motion-induced blindness.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139791485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new visual illusion in which circles placed on the checkered-pattern background appear to be polygons is reported. In this article, we first demonstrated that the apparent distortion of circles in this ‘bumpy circle illusion (BCI)’ depends on the luminance difference between the circles and the components of the background. Then, with the aim of clarifying the mechanism that causes this phenomenon, the ‘low-pass filtering theory’ the ‘segmentation theory’, the ‘corner effect theory’, and the ‘completion theory’ were investigated. As a result, the low-pass filtering theory and the completion theory were rejected because they predicted the occurrence of the illusion in some modulated BCI figures that produced no illusion. The ‘segmentation theory’, which postulated that the same mechanism as in the curvature blindness illusion produces BCI, was also rejected because the same luminance assignment as for BCI image components does not produce the curvature blindness illusion. In addition, the curvature of lines appears to deform in the curvature blindness illusion, whereas the BCI does not produce an illusion of line circles, which also shows the difference between the two phenomena. The ‘corner effect theory’ is the most promising because it correctly predicts (1) how the apparent distortion of the circles appears and (2) the presence/absence of illusion with the outline circles depending on the checkerboard luminance alteration cycles inside and outside of the circles. However, the corner effect theory can only be justified if it is assumed that the strength of the effect is different depending on whether the checkered pattern is applied to the inside or outside of the circles. Whether such asymmetry does exist and the reason why the asymmetry occurs needs further investigation.
{"title":"The bumpy circle illusion: apparent shape-distortion of filled circles placed on a checkered pattern","authors":"Shuichiro Taya, Masaya Ishikawa","doi":"10.47691/joi.v4.9658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v4.9658","url":null,"abstract":"A new visual illusion in which circles placed on the checkered-pattern background appear to be polygons is reported. In this article, we first demonstrated that the apparent distortion of circles in this ‘bumpy circle illusion (BCI)’ depends on the luminance difference between the circles and the components of the background. Then, with the aim of clarifying the mechanism that causes this phenomenon, the ‘low-pass filtering theory’ the ‘segmentation theory’, the ‘corner effect theory’, and the ‘completion theory’ were investigated. As a result, the low-pass filtering theory and the completion theory were rejected because they predicted the occurrence of the illusion in some modulated BCI figures that produced no illusion. The ‘segmentation theory’, which postulated that the same mechanism as in the curvature blindness illusion produces BCI, was also rejected because the same luminance assignment as for BCI image components does not produce the curvature blindness illusion. In addition, the curvature of lines appears to deform in the curvature blindness illusion, whereas the BCI does not produce an illusion of line circles, which also shows the difference between the two phenomena. The ‘corner effect theory’ is the most promising because it correctly predicts (1) how the apparent distortion of the circles appears and (2) the presence/absence of illusion with the outline circles depending on the checkerboard luminance alteration cycles inside and outside of the circles. However, the corner effect theory can only be justified if it is assumed that the strength of the effect is different depending on whether the checkered pattern is applied to the inside or outside of the circles. Whether such asymmetry does exist and the reason why the asymmetry occurs needs further investigation.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new class of 3D optical illusion in which two types of mirror illusions occur simultaneously. The author previously reported the left–right reversal illusion, in which an object exchanges its left and right sides in a mirror, and the translation illusion, in which an object facing toward a mirror translates into the mirror instead of turning around. We will show that these two illusions can be created by a single object. If we place the object in front of two vertical mirrors meeting at the right angle, the object exchanges its left and right sides in one mirror and translates into the other mirror. As one variation of this double-mirror illusion, we create objects whose mirror reflections together with the original objects form a circular sequence oriented clockwise or counterclockwise uniformly. The mathematics behind these illusions and the origin of their robustness are also discussed.
{"title":"Double-mirror illusion: a new class of 3D illusion that creates anomalous U-turn and anomalous translation simultaneously","authors":"Kokichi Sugihara","doi":"10.47691/joi.v4.9839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v4.9839","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new class of 3D optical illusion in which two types of mirror illusions occur simultaneously. The author previously reported the left–right reversal illusion, in which an object exchanges its left and right sides in a mirror, and the translation illusion, in which an object facing toward a mirror translates into the mirror instead of turning around. We will show that these two illusions can be created by a single object. If we place the object in front of two vertical mirrors meeting at the right angle, the object exchanges its left and right sides in one mirror and translates into the other mirror. As one variation of this double-mirror illusion, we create objects whose mirror reflections together with the original objects form a circular sequence oriented clockwise or counterclockwise uniformly. The mathematics behind these illusions and the origin of their robustness are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The real world and its mirror image are plane symmetric to each other with respect to a mirror surface, but mirror images are often perceived differently due to optical illusions. This paper shows that there are at least five types of different illusory perceptions of mirror images of pictures, although they arise from the same optical process. In all five illusions, we place a 2D picture of a 3D object horizontally, and see its image reflected by a vertical mirror. In some cases, the left and the right are reversed (left-right reversal illusion), sometimes horizontal planes change their heights (height reversal illusion), sometimes a lying object rises up (lying-standing illusion), sometimes the object turns upside down as if having done a somersault (somersault illusion), and sometimes the object is replaced by a rather different object (replacement illusion). This paper examines why these illusions occur from geometrical and psychological points of view.
{"title":"Five types of anomalous perceptions created by the same mirror-reflection process","authors":"K. Sugihara","doi":"10.47691/joi.v4.8993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v4.8993","url":null,"abstract":"The real world and its mirror image are plane symmetric to each other with respect to a mirror surface, but mirror images are often perceived differently due to optical illusions. This paper shows that there are at least five types of different illusory perceptions of mirror images of pictures, although they arise from the same optical process. In all five illusions, we place a 2D picture of a 3D object horizontally, and see its image reflected by a vertical mirror. In some cases, the left and the right are reversed (left-right reversal illusion), sometimes horizontal planes change their heights (height reversal illusion), sometimes a lying object rises up (lying-standing illusion), sometimes the object turns upside down as if having done a somersault (somersault illusion), and sometimes the object is replaced by a rather different object (replacement illusion). This paper examines why these illusions occur from geometrical and psychological points of view.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47543212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A white test disk is embedded in a surround that alternates, in either space or time, between red and white. Simultaneous contrast should make the disk look green, but it does not. It looks pink.
{"title":"A pink illusion","authors":"S. Anstis","doi":"10.47691/joi.v3.8786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v3.8786","url":null,"abstract":"A white test disk is embedded in a surround that alternates, in either space or time, between red and white. Simultaneous contrast should make the disk look green, but it does not. It looks pink.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48891275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a new visual illusion. When a Mackay Ray figure is observed in paracentral vision or near peripheral vision, a fast but smooth pursuit eye movement produces an impression of bursting of a dazzling light in the center of the figure. We call this effect the Sunburst illusion. We have included movies demonstrating the effects of changing the speed and path of smooth eye movement, saccades, luminance contrast, and color combinations.
{"title":"The Sunburst illusion","authors":"Hiroyuki Ito, L. Ding","doi":"10.47691/joi.v3.8208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v3.8208","url":null,"abstract":"We report a new visual illusion. When a Mackay Ray figure is observed in paracentral vision or near peripheral vision, a fast but smooth pursuit eye movement produces an impression of bursting of a dazzling light in the center of the figure. We call this effect the Sunburst illusion. We have included movies demonstrating the effects of changing the speed and path of smooth eye movement, saccades, luminance contrast, and color combinations.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuki Kubota, Ryota Mima, Takahiro Kawabe, Taiki Fukiage, M. Inami
The authors report a demonstration in which a motion-defined boundary enhances the effects of a lower region cue in depth perception. Although the lower region cue has been proposed as a potential depth cue, its effect is weak in the static image. Their demonstration reveals that the lower region is almost unambiguously perceived as being in front when defined by horizontal motion mimicking motion parallax. The authors further investigated phenomenological aspects of the lower region cue by combining it with other depth cues.
{"title":"Motion-driven enhancement of a lower region cue in depth perception","authors":"Yuki Kubota, Ryota Mima, Takahiro Kawabe, Taiki Fukiage, M. Inami","doi":"10.47691/joi.v3.8028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v3.8028","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report a demonstration in which a motion-defined boundary enhances the effects of a lower region cue in depth perception. Although the lower region cue has been proposed as a potential depth cue, its effect is weak in the static image. Their demonstration reveals that the lower region is almost unambiguously perceived as being in front when defined by horizontal motion mimicking motion parallax. The authors further investigated phenomenological aspects of the lower region cue by combining it with other depth cues.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47005698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Across two independent developmental labs, we have been puzzled by the observation that a small proportion of our child and adult participants consistently report perceiving motion in the direction opposite to that presented in random-dot motion displays, sometimes even when the motion is at 100% coherence. In this review, we first draw together existing reports of misperceptions of motion direction in random dot displays across observers in a small percentage of trials, before reporting evidence of consistent reverse motion perception in a minority of observers, including previously unreported observations from our own studies of visual development. We consider possible explanations for this reverse motion illusion, including motion induction, motion energy, correspondence noise and spatial undersampling. However, more work is required to understand the individual differences relating to this percept. We suggest that errors in perceived motion direction are likely to be more widespread than can be currently gleaned from the literature and explain why systematic study is needed, especially in children. Finally, we list some remaining open questions and call for collaborative efforts to document this phenomenon and stimulate future investigation.
{"title":"The reverse motion illusion in random dot motion displays and implications for understanding development.","authors":"Catherine Manning, Kimberly Meier, Deborah Giaschi","doi":"10.47691/joi.v3.7916","DOIUrl":"10.47691/joi.v3.7916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across two independent developmental labs, we have been puzzled by the observation that a small proportion of our child and adult participants consistently report perceiving motion in the direction opposite to that presented in random-dot motion displays, sometimes even when the motion is at 100% coherence. In this review, we first draw together existing reports of misperceptions of motion direction in random dot displays across observers in a small percentage of trials, before reporting evidence of consistent reverse motion perception in a minority of observers, including previously unreported observations from our own studies of visual development. We consider possible explanations for this reverse motion illusion, including motion induction, motion energy, correspondence noise and spatial undersampling. However, more work is required to understand the individual differences relating to this percept. We suggest that errors in perceived motion direction are likely to be more widespread than can be currently gleaned from the literature and explain why systematic study is needed, especially in children. Finally, we list some remaining open questions and call for collaborative efforts to document this phenomenon and stimulate future investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39580887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I describe a novel illusion in which perceived eye movements are induced by moving a vertical grating across a single image of a forward-looking face. By varying properties of the grating, a wide range of illusory eye movements can be generated including nystagmus, a ‘swirling’ motion of the eyes, and vertical scanning/blinking. I suggest that the phenomenon is closely related to the footsteps illusion, but reveals the role that object shape and grating spatial frequency together play in determining the direction of illusory motion that observers perceive. I also discuss the relationship between the current illusion, the footsteps illusion, and Moire pattern animations.
{"title":"Faces behind bars: illusory eye movements induced by gratings","authors":"B. Balas","doi":"10.47691/joi.v2.8005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v2.8005","url":null,"abstract":"I describe a novel illusion in which perceived eye movements are induced by moving a vertical grating across a single image of a forward-looking face. By varying properties of the grating, a wide range of illusory eye movements can be generated including nystagmus, a ‘swirling’ motion of the eyes, and vertical scanning/blinking. I suggest that the phenomenon is closely related to the footsteps illusion, but reveals the role that object shape and grating spatial frequency together play in determining the direction of illusory motion that observers perceive. I also discuss the relationship between the current illusion, the footsteps illusion, and Moire pattern animations.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46318592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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