Shapiro and Hedjar (2019) proposed a shift in the definition of illusion, from ‘differences between perception and reality’ to ‘conflicts between possible constructions of reality’. This paper builds on this idea by presenting a series of motion hybrid images that juxtapose fine scale contrast (high spatial frequency content) with coarse scale contrast-generated motion (low spatial frequency content). As is the case for static hybrid images, under normal viewing conditions the fine scale contrast determines the perception of motion hybrid images; however, if the motion hybrid image is blurred or viewed from a distance, the perception is determined by the coarse scale contrast. The fine scale contrast therefore masks the perception of motion (and sometimes depth) produced by the coarser scale contrast. Since the unblurred movies contain both fine and coarse scale contrast information, but the blurred movies contain only coarse scale contrast information, cells in the brain that respond to low spatial frequencies should respond equally to both blurred and unblurred movies. Since people undoubtedly differ in the optics of their eyes and most likely in the neural processes that resolve conflict across scales, the paper suggests that motion hybrid images illustrate trade-offs between spatial scales that are important for understanding individual differences in perceptions of the natural world.
{"title":"Hybrid motion illusions as examples of perceptual conflict","authors":"A. Shapiro","doi":"10.47691/joi.v2.7084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v2.7084","url":null,"abstract":"Shapiro and Hedjar (2019) proposed a shift in the definition of illusion, from ‘differences between perception and reality’ to ‘conflicts between possible constructions of reality’. This paper builds on this idea by presenting a series of motion hybrid images that juxtapose fine scale contrast (high spatial frequency content) with coarse scale contrast-generated motion (low spatial frequency content). As is the case for static hybrid images, under normal viewing conditions the fine scale contrast determines the perception of motion hybrid images; however, if the motion hybrid image is blurred or viewed from a distance, the perception is determined by the coarse scale contrast. The fine scale contrast therefore masks the perception of motion (and sometimes depth) produced by the coarser scale contrast. Since the unblurred movies contain both fine and coarse scale contrast information, but the blurred movies contain only coarse scale contrast information, cells in the brain that respond to low spatial frequencies should respond equally to both blurred and unblurred movies. Since people undoubtedly differ in the optics of their eyes and most likely in the neural processes that resolve conflict across scales, the paper suggests that motion hybrid images illustrate trade-offs between spatial scales that are important for understanding individual differences in perceptions of the natural world.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44867332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on the footsteps illusion proposed by Anstis (2001) and its variants are reviewed in this article. The footsteps illusion has been explained as a difference in perceived speed depending on edge contrast (Thompson, 1982). In addition to this explanation, it is suggested that the footsteps illusion and its variants can also be attributed to the geometrical illusion presented by Gregory and Heard (1983), to the extinction effect similar to hidden images by Wade (1990), and to subsequent position or motion captures. Related illusions, for example, the kickback illusion (Howe, Thompson, Anstis, Sagreiya, & Livingstone, 2006), the kick-forward illusion, the driving-on-a-bumpy-road illusion, or the footsteps illusion based upon reverse phi motion, are discussed in this article.
{"title":"A review of the footsteps illusion","authors":"A. Kitaoka, S. Anstis","doi":"10.47691/JOI.V2.5612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/JOI.V2.5612","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the footsteps illusion proposed by Anstis (2001) and its variants are reviewed in this article. The footsteps illusion has been explained as a difference in perceived speed depending on edge contrast (Thompson, 1982). In addition to this explanation, it is suggested that the footsteps illusion and its variants can also be attributed to the geometrical illusion presented by Gregory and Heard (1983), to the extinction effect similar to hidden images by Wade (1990), and to subsequent position or motion captures. Related illusions, for example, the kickback illusion (Howe, Thompson, Anstis, Sagreiya, & Livingstone, 2006), the kick-forward illusion, the driving-on-a-bumpy-road illusion, or the footsteps illusion based upon reverse phi motion, are discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46105723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A pattern that gradually reverses its polarity as it moves can appear to move farther and faster than it really does. I shall call this new effect ‘enhanced motion’, since it accentuates the amplitude and briskness of motion as opposed to reverse phi, in which polarity changes reverse the perceived direction of a moving object.
{"title":"Enhanced motion during gradual changes in luminance polarity","authors":"S. Anstis","doi":"10.47691/JOI.V2.5594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/JOI.V2.5594","url":null,"abstract":"A pattern that gradually reverses its polarity as it moves can appear to move farther and faster than it really does. I shall call this new effect ‘enhanced motion’, since it accentuates the amplitude and briskness of motion as opposed to reverse phi, in which polarity changes reverse the perceived direction of a moving object.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Munker illusion, which produces two apparently different hues from a base color, can be extended to multiple apparent colors. By having foreground stripes in more than two colors, it is possible to create multiple foreground colors that lead to multiple apparent hues in the base objects. All of these apparently different colors are due to color assimilation rather than to differences in luminance, as in the Munker-White illusion. This technique works well for three colors and can be extended to four and even six colors.
{"title":"The Confetti illusion","authors":"David Novick, A. Kitaoka","doi":"10.47691/joi.v2.6152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/joi.v2.6152","url":null,"abstract":"The Munker illusion, which produces two apparently different hues from a base color, can be extended to multiple apparent colors. By having foreground stripes in more than two colors, it is possible to create multiple foreground colors that lead to multiple apparent hues in the base objects. All of these apparently different colors are due to color assimilation rather than to differences in luminance, as in the Munker-White illusion. This technique works well for three colors and can be extended to four and even six colors.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70879392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In general, research in perceptual psychology recognizes illusion as a tool for elucidating the underlying perceptual mechanisms. For this reason, the status of illusory phenomena that are not clearly contributing to the elucidation of perceptual mechanisms is often underestimated. On the other hand, we feel that the phenomenal aspect of illusion itself may have the power to boost research in perceptual psychology. Even without specifying the mechanism right now, illusions are fascinating, surprising, and inspiring to those who see them. Based on this idea, we planned to launch the Journal of Illusion (JOI). The idea originated in our discussion on Twitter. It took a year for that idea to come to fruition. The Editorial Board members of the journal agreed with our outlandish idea. It remains to be seen how well the idea of focusing on the phenomenal aspects of illusion will be accepted, but we hope that this journal will contribute to the establishment of the science of illusion itself.
{"title":"Introducing the Journal of Illusion","authors":"A. Kitaoka, Takahiro Kawabe, Yuki Yamada","doi":"10.47691/JOI.V1.5591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47691/JOI.V1.5591","url":null,"abstract":"In general, research in perceptual psychology recognizes illusion as a tool for elucidating the underlying perceptual mechanisms. For this reason, the status of illusory phenomena that are not clearly contributing to the elucidation of perceptual mechanisms is often underestimated. On the other hand, we feel that the phenomenal aspect of illusion itself may have the power to boost research in perceptual psychology. Even without specifying the mechanism right now, illusions are fascinating, surprising, and inspiring to those who see them. Based on this idea, we planned to launch the Journal of Illusion (JOI). The idea originated in our discussion on Twitter. It took a year for that idea to come to fruition. The Editorial Board members of the journal agreed with our outlandish idea. It remains to be seen how well the idea of focusing on the phenomenal aspects of illusion will be accepted, but we hope that this journal will contribute to the establishment of the science of illusion itself.","PeriodicalId":93464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illusion","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48209263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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