Pub Date : 2020-09-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93199
Kanagamani Krishnasamy
Artificial Sweeteners provide the sweetness of natural sugar without the calories and produce a low glycemic response. These sweeteners are used instead of sucrose (table sugar) to sweeten foods and beverages. Consumers and food manufacturers have long been interested in dietary sweeteners to replace sucrose in foods. This article goes into a lot of details about the different types of sweeteners such as saccharin, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, neotame and sucralose, their uses, chemistry and their potential effects on health. These sweeteners form acute and chronic effects on human health.
{"title":"Artificial Sweeteners","authors":"Kanagamani Krishnasamy","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.93199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93199","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Sweeteners provide the sweetness of natural sugar without the calories and produce a low glycemic response. These sweeteners are used instead of sucrose (table sugar) to sweeten foods and beverages. Consumers and food manufacturers have long been interested in dietary sweeteners to replace sucrose in foods. This article goes into a lot of details about the different types of sweeteners such as saccharin, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, neotame and sucralose, their uses, chemistry and their potential effects on health. These sweeteners form acute and chronic effects on human health.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-28DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92680
A. Carr, K. Tchanturia, E. Dufour, Mary Cowan, H. Himmerich
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and often highly persistent psychiatric disorder, whereby sufferers struggle to maintain a healthy weight. Its complexity creates challenges regarding treatment, however psychological therapy is recommended by the National Institute for Heath and Care Excellence (NICE). There are four major evidence-based psychotherapies recommended for treating adults – enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E), the Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adults (MANTRA), specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) and focal psychodynamic therapy (FPT)—and three main psychotherapies recommended for treating adolescents with anorexia-family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT-AN), enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E) and adolescent focused therapy for anorexia nervosa (AFP-AN). Additionally, several novel adjunct treatments are under examination, two of which—cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) and cognitive remediation and emotion skills training (CREST)—are also discussed in this chapter. Other relevant areas regarding psychological treatment include: combinations of medication or occupational therapy and psychotherapy, treating individuals with comorbidities, the challenges of studying psychological treatment for anorexia and future directions of psychotherapies for anorexia, and are also discussed.
{"title":"Evidence-Based and Novel Psychological Therapies for People with Anorexia Nervosa","authors":"A. Carr, K. Tchanturia, E. Dufour, Mary Cowan, H. Himmerich","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92680","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and often highly persistent psychiatric disorder, whereby sufferers struggle to maintain a healthy weight. Its complexity creates challenges regarding treatment, however psychological therapy is recommended by the National Institute for Heath and Care Excellence (NICE). There are four major evidence-based psychotherapies recommended for treating adults – enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E), the Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adults (MANTRA), specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) and focal psychodynamic therapy (FPT)—and three main psychotherapies recommended for treating adolescents with anorexia-family therapy for anorexia nervosa (FT-AN), enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT-E) and adolescent focused therapy for anorexia nervosa (AFP-AN). Additionally, several novel adjunct treatments are under examination, two of which—cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) and cognitive remediation and emotion skills training (CREST)—are also discussed in this chapter. Other relevant areas regarding psychological treatment include: combinations of medication or occupational therapy and psychotherapy, treating individuals with comorbidities, the challenges of studying psychological treatment for anorexia and future directions of psychotherapies for anorexia, and are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"365 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72615981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92589
Briana Applewhite, Aishwarya Krishna Priya, V. Cardi, H. Himmerich
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder associated with a high mortality and an often chronic and disabling course. Thus, novel treatment options should be explored. We performed two focus groups with a total of six people with AN on their use of music and their thoughts about music as an additional therapeutic option. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed in-depth using the NVivo 12 software package. The most prevalent theme throughout the focus groups involved positive expressions, emotions and memories related to music. This theme occurred in ~25% of the data. The importance of music was the second most common theme. Negative feelings and memories associated with music accounted for only ~10% of all references. All six patients expressed that they see benefit in using music therapy as an adjunct to their current treatment. Our analysis shows that people with AN connect music mainly with positive emotions and memories. Therapists might think about applying music more frequently during their sessions with AN patients and consider adding music therapy to their overall treatment concept. However, the results also suggest that music can influence mood not only positively but negatively as well. Quantitative research in bigger patient samples and randomized clinical trials will be necessary to verify these results.
{"title":"A Software-Assisted Qualitative Study on the Use of Music in People with Anorexia Nervosa","authors":"Briana Applewhite, Aishwarya Krishna Priya, V. Cardi, H. Himmerich","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92589","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder associated with a high mortality and an often chronic and disabling course. Thus, novel treatment options should be explored. We performed two focus groups with a total of six people with AN on their use of music and their thoughts about music as an additional therapeutic option. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed in-depth using the NVivo 12 software package. The most prevalent theme throughout the focus groups involved positive expressions, emotions and memories related to music. This theme occurred in ~25% of the data. The importance of music was the second most common theme. Negative feelings and memories associated with music accounted for only ~10% of all references. All six patients expressed that they see benefit in using music therapy as an adjunct to their current treatment. Our analysis shows that people with AN connect music mainly with positive emotions and memories. Therapists might think about applying music more frequently during their sessions with AN patients and consider adding music therapy to their overall treatment concept. However, the results also suggest that music can influence mood not only positively but negatively as well. Quantitative research in bigger patient samples and randomized clinical trials will be necessary to verify these results.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87286672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92380
Upasana
Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the fastest escalating nutritional disorders that reached pandemic throughout the world. Obesity is a condition in which overaccumulation of energy in the form of fat happens in an individual’s subcutaneous and/or abdominal visceral tissue. It is described as an abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to the enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity) or a condition of both. Earlier, it was reported that the most common type of obesity that affects the general popula-tion is the polygenic form that results from a result of a positive energy balance between energy consumption and its expenditure – or a combination of both. The pandemic of obesity has enforced to analyze the link between the role of inflammation and complications of overweight and obesity. This led to crossroads of the field of nutrition, diet therapy, physiology, immunology, and epidemiology and makes the understanding that they are linked inexplicably. The remodeling of obesity as an inflammatory state has led a wide impression in our conceptualization of obesity-related diseases. In this chapter, we highlight the endocrine aspect of adipose tissue, the effect of dysregulated secretion of adipokines due to inflammation and dietary components that affect obesity related to inflammation.
{"title":"Weight Management: Inflammation","authors":"Upasana","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92380","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the fastest escalating nutritional disorders that reached pandemic throughout the world. Obesity is a condition in which overaccumulation of energy in the form of fat happens in an individual’s subcutaneous and/or abdominal visceral tissue. It is described as an abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to the enlargement of fat cell size (hypertrophic obesity) or fat cell number (hyperplastic obesity) or a condition of both. Earlier, it was reported that the most common type of obesity that affects the general popula-tion is the polygenic form that results from a result of a positive energy balance between energy consumption and its expenditure – or a combination of both. The pandemic of obesity has enforced to analyze the link between the role of inflammation and complications of overweight and obesity. This led to crossroads of the field of nutrition, diet therapy, physiology, immunology, and epidemiology and makes the understanding that they are linked inexplicably. The remodeling of obesity as an inflammatory state has led a wide impression in our conceptualization of obesity-related diseases. In this chapter, we highlight the endocrine aspect of adipose tissue, the effect of dysregulated secretion of adipokines due to inflammation and dietary components that affect obesity related to inflammation.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77389011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92103
M. Fischer, N. Oberänder, A. Weimann
Weight maintenance can be considered a challenge for all patients who are in a reduced obese state. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of the chances for maintaining weight loss, how physiological adaptations and psychological dynamics lead to weight regain in the long-term, and of the factors that have been associated with long-term success. Then we review what is known about the patient perspective on that critical time period following weight loss, focusing on the experience of barriers and facilitators as well as attempted strategies. Finally, we introduce an approach for providing a targeted and individualized support at this stage.
{"title":"Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance","authors":"M. Fischer, N. Oberänder, A. Weimann","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92103","url":null,"abstract":"Weight maintenance can be considered a challenge for all patients who are in a reduced obese state. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of the chances for maintaining weight loss, how physiological adaptations and psychological dynamics lead to weight regain in the long-term, and of the factors that have been associated with long-term success. Then we review what is known about the patient perspective on that critical time period following weight loss, focusing on the experience of barriers and facilitators as well as attempted strategies. Finally, we introduce an approach for providing a targeted and individualized support at this stage.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91091398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-16DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91974
H. Heshmati
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic causing increased morbidity/mortality and high cost for the society. Management of obesity requires multidisciplinary approaches including diet, food supplement, exercise, behavior change, drug, medical device, gut microbiome manipulation, and surgery. Over the past two decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of gut microbiome in human health and disease. Profound changes affecting the diversity and the abundance of gut microbiome are associated with several disorders including obesity. A decrease in microbiome diversity and an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes phyla have been reported in obese subjects. The gut microbiome can be manipulated to change the host metabolism and manage obesity. Potential interventions include diet (e.g., low calories, low fat, and high fiber), prebiotics (e.g., inulin, lactulose, and resistant starch), probiotics (e.g., yogurt, cheese, and milk), synbiotics (combination of prebiotics and probiotics), bariatric surgery (e.g., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), and fecal microbiota transplantation (through colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, orogastric tube, or oral capsule). A better understanding of the interactions between different diets and gut microbiome should help the development of new guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity.
{"title":"Gut Microbiome in Obesity Management","authors":"H. Heshmati","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91974","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a worldwide pandemic causing increased morbidity/mortality and high cost for the society. Management of obesity requires multidisciplinary approaches including diet, food supplement, exercise, behavior change, drug, medical device, gut microbiome manipulation, and surgery. Over the past two decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of gut microbiome in human health and disease. Profound changes affecting the diversity and the abundance of gut microbiome are associated with several disorders including obesity. A decrease in microbiome diversity and an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes phyla have been reported in obese subjects. The gut microbiome can be manipulated to change the host metabolism and manage obesity. Potential interventions include diet (e.g., low calories, low fat, and high fiber), prebiotics (e.g., inulin, lactulose, and resistant starch), probiotics (e.g., yogurt, cheese, and milk), synbiotics (combination of prebiotics and probiotics), bariatric surgery (e.g., Roux-en-Y gastric bypass), and fecal microbiota transplantation (through colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, orogastric tube, or oral capsule). A better understanding of the interactions between different diets and gut microbiome should help the development of new guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90859517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-15DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92149
C. Hemant
Maintenance of accurate postural balance is imperative to avoid falls and inca-pacities especially in overweight and older population. Normal postural balance is affected by various factors like age, gender, body characteristics like lean muscle mass, soft tissue mass, stature, foot anthropometry, etc. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 young population of north Karnataka in which human stature, weight, body mass index, foot anthropometric parameters, etc. along with postural sway were measured. The correlation of these parameters with human stature, weight and postural sway was studied. Data obtained were tabulated, graphically represented and statistically analyzed. Correlation coefficient was for-mulated for each variable. Foot length and width showed positive significant correlation with height, weight and other variables. Study observations were compared with those obtained from previous studies. The study observations will enable us to understand the influence of foot anthropometry on postural balance and help researchers to formulate weight transfer strategies, thereby facilitating management and rehabilitation of patients with postural instability.
{"title":"Effect of Foot Morphology and Anthropometry on Bipedal Postural Balance","authors":"C. Hemant","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92149","url":null,"abstract":"Maintenance of accurate postural balance is imperative to avoid falls and inca-pacities especially in overweight and older population. Normal postural balance is affected by various factors like age, gender, body characteristics like lean muscle mass, soft tissue mass, stature, foot anthropometry, etc. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 young population of north Karnataka in which human stature, weight, body mass index, foot anthropometric parameters, etc. along with postural sway were measured. The correlation of these parameters with human stature, weight and postural sway was studied. Data obtained were tabulated, graphically represented and statistically analyzed. Correlation coefficient was for-mulated for each variable. Foot length and width showed positive significant correlation with height, weight and other variables. Study observations were compared with those obtained from previous studies. The study observations will enable us to understand the influence of foot anthropometry on postural balance and help researchers to formulate weight transfer strategies, thereby facilitating management and rehabilitation of patients with postural instability.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75663329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-13DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91852
H. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Naseer A. Al-harchan
Orexin is a neuropeptide secreted from the lateral hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex concerned in wakefulness and excitement. This study aimed to review the possible neurobiological effect of orexin. A diversity of search strategies was adopted and assumed which included electronic database searches of Medline and PubMed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words. Orexin plays a vital role in activation of learning, memory acquisition, and consolidation through activation of the monoaminergic system, which affects cognitive flexibility and cognitive function. Orexin stimulates adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroid secretions via activation of the central corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Cerebrospinal (CSF) and serum orexin serum levels are reduced in depression, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. However, high orexin serum levels are revealed in drug addictions. Regarding neurodegenerative brain diseases, CSF and serum orexin levels are reduced in Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Orexin antagonist leads to significant reduction of sympathetic overactivity during withdrawal syndrome. Also, orexin antagonist improves sleep pattern. The orexinergic system is involved in different psychiatric and neurological disorders; therefore targeting of this system could be a possible novel pathway in the management of these disorders. In addition measurement of CSF and serum orexin levels might predict the relapse and withdrawal of addict patients.
{"title":"Orexin and Psychoneurobiology: A Hidden Treasure","authors":"H. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Naseer A. Al-harchan","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91852","url":null,"abstract":"Orexin is a neuropeptide secreted from the lateral hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex concerned in wakefulness and excitement. This study aimed to review the possible neurobiological effect of orexin. A diversity of search strategies was adopted and assumed which included electronic database searches of Medline and PubMed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words. Orexin plays a vital role in activation of learning, memory acquisition, and consolidation through activation of the monoaminergic system, which affects cognitive flexibility and cognitive function. Orexin stimulates adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroid secretions via activation of the central corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Cerebrospinal (CSF) and serum orexin serum levels are reduced in depression, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. However, high orexin serum levels are revealed in drug addictions. Regarding neurodegenerative brain diseases, CSF and serum orexin levels are reduced in Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Orexin antagonist leads to significant reduction of sympathetic overactivity during withdrawal syndrome. Also, orexin antagonist improves sleep pattern. The orexinergic system is involved in different psychiatric and neurological disorders; therefore targeting of this system could be a possible novel pathway in the management of these disorders. In addition measurement of CSF and serum orexin levels might predict the relapse and withdrawal of addict patients.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81274806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91697
H. Heshmati
Obesity is a major health problem worldwide responsible for increased mor-bidity/mortality and high cost for the society. Management of obesity requires multidisciplinary approaches including diet, food supplement, exercise, behavior change, drug, medical device, gut microbiome manipulation, and surgery. Antiobesity medical devices are an option for subjects who have not responded to more conservative medical treatments but want an alternative to surgery. Compared to bariatric surgery, they have the advantage of being less invasive, easier to perform, and reversible. In the United States of America (USA), based on the expected weight loss, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) categorizes anti-obesity medical devices as weight-loss devices or weight-management devices. The weight-loss devices include gastric band devices, gastric space-occupying devices, and gastric emptying devices. The weight-management devices include oral removable palatal space-occupying devices and ingested transient gastric space-occupying devices. The effectiveness, safety, and cost of anti-obesity medical devices vary considerably by the type of medical device. Their use should always be combined with lifestyle changes. Considering the large market size of obesity treatment, anti-obesity medical devices can play a major role in the management of obesity.
{"title":"Anti-Obesity Medical Devices","authors":"H. Heshmati","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91697","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a major health problem worldwide responsible for increased mor-bidity/mortality and high cost for the society. Management of obesity requires multidisciplinary approaches including diet, food supplement, exercise, behavior change, drug, medical device, gut microbiome manipulation, and surgery. Antiobesity medical devices are an option for subjects who have not responded to more conservative medical treatments but want an alternative to surgery. Compared to bariatric surgery, they have the advantage of being less invasive, easier to perform, and reversible. In the United States of America (USA), based on the expected weight loss, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) categorizes anti-obesity medical devices as weight-loss devices or weight-management devices. The weight-loss devices include gastric band devices, gastric space-occupying devices, and gastric emptying devices. The weight-management devices include oral removable palatal space-occupying devices and ingested transient gastric space-occupying devices. The effectiveness, safety, and cost of anti-obesity medical devices vary considerably by the type of medical device. Their use should always be combined with lifestyle changes. Considering the large market size of obesity treatment, anti-obesity medical devices can play a major role in the management of obesity.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79483783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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