Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.91482
S. Kurniawan
Diabetes is a ceaseless ailment that is basic in practically all nations. Neuropathy is the most well-known constant difficulty of diabetes and is the underlying reason for ulceration in the legs of lower appendage removals. The predominance of diabetic polyneuropathy shifts from 23 to 29%. Incessant metabolic pressure incited by hyperglycemia, either low insulin creation in type 1 diabetes or diminished fringe affectability to insulin in type 2 diabetes influences cell homeostasis in practically all phone types. Changes in the sign Ca have been recognized in different seclusion tissues from creatures initiated to diabetes just as patients with diabetes. Ca homeostasis variations from the norm have likewise been found in an assortment of tissues, including bone, heart and smooth muscle, secretory cells, platelets, kidneys and osteoblasts. This variation from the norm by and large shows as an expanded resting centralization of intracellular Ca ([Ca]I), diminished Ca transporter movement and diminished boost that produces Ca signals. Ca flagging issue are likewise found in neuron-sensory from trial creatures with diabetes.
{"title":"Calcium Dyshomeostasis in Neuropathy Diabetes","authors":"S. Kurniawan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.91482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.91482","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a ceaseless ailment that is basic in practically all nations. Neuropathy is the most well-known constant difficulty of diabetes and is the underlying reason for ulceration in the legs of lower appendage removals. The predominance of diabetic polyneuropathy shifts from 23 to 29%. Incessant metabolic pressure incited by hyperglycemia, either low insulin creation in type 1 diabetes or diminished fringe affectability to insulin in type 2 diabetes influences cell homeostasis in practically all phone types. Changes in the sign Ca have been recognized in different seclusion tissues from creatures initiated to diabetes just as patients with diabetes. Ca homeostasis variations from the norm have likewise been found in an assortment of tissues, including bone, heart and smooth muscle, secretory cells, platelets, kidneys and osteoblasts. This variation from the norm by and large shows as an expanded resting centralization of intracellular Ca ([Ca]I), diminished Ca transporter movement and diminished boost that produces Ca signals. Ca flagging issue are likewise found in neuron-sensory from trial creatures with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76612650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-25DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91212
Carlos González-Quilen, E. Rodríguez-Gallego, R. Beltrán-Debón, Montserrat Pinent, A. Ardévol, M. Blay, X. Terra
The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When the intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised, inflammatory conditions may be developed and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell-culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin-rich plant products may contribute to maintain the barrier function and to ameliorate the inflammation present in prevalent pathologies such as diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of altered intestinal permeability and in humans, emphasizing the beneficial effects of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extracts in intestinal health and giving insights into the subjacent biochemical and molecular mechanism.
{"title":"Beneficial Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Intestinal Permeability and Its Relationship with Inflammation","authors":"Carlos González-Quilen, E. Rodríguez-Gallego, R. Beltrán-Debón, Montserrat Pinent, A. Ardévol, M. Blay, X. Terra","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91212","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When the intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised, inflammatory conditions may be developed and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell-culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin-rich plant products may contribute to maintain the barrier function and to ameliorate the inflammation present in prevalent pathologies such as diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of altered intestinal permeability and in humans, emphasizing the beneficial effects of grape-seed proanthocyanidin extracts in intestinal health and giving insights into the subjacent biochemical and molecular mechanism.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80628871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91216
J. Suclla-Velásquez, Connie Smedts
Obesity is a prevalent health problem all over the world. It is associated with several diseases including infections. It impairs the immune system function by plenty of mechanisms. For instance, leptin and adiponectin are cytokines produced by the adipose tissue, both participating in immunity, but their effects are impaired in obese patients. Moreover, immune cells also show defects in their functions. They produce a pro-inflammatory state and contribute to obesity-related diseases. Innate immune system and adaptive immunity are both impaired in obese patients which causes a poor response to infections. In addition, in surgical site infections (SSI), there are local factors that must be considered. The large adipose panicle and visceral adipose tissue increase the surgical technique difficulty and extend the operative time. Besides, the adipose tissue has poor oxygenation and reduces operative field. It has been proven that obesity is associated to surgical site infection irrespective of type of surgery. However, minimal invasive surgery has demonstrated that reducing surgical trauma can diminish the risk for surgical site infection.
{"title":"Obesity: A Risk Factor for Infection after Surgery","authors":"J. Suclla-Velásquez, Connie Smedts","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91216","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a prevalent health problem all over the world. It is associated with several diseases including infections. It impairs the immune system function by plenty of mechanisms. For instance, leptin and adiponectin are cytokines produced by the adipose tissue, both participating in immunity, but their effects are impaired in obese patients. Moreover, immune cells also show defects in their functions. They produce a pro-inflammatory state and contribute to obesity-related diseases. Innate immune system and adaptive immunity are both impaired in obese patients which causes a poor response to infections. In addition, in surgical site infections (SSI), there are local factors that must be considered. The large adipose panicle and visceral adipose tissue increase the surgical technique difficulty and extend the operative time. Besides, the adipose tissue has poor oxygenation and reduces operative field. It has been proven that obesity is associated to surgical site infection irrespective of type of surgery. However, minimal invasive surgery has demonstrated that reducing surgical trauma can diminish the risk for surgical site infection.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86365068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-06DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91063
S. Cella, Mara Iannaccone, A. Cipriano, P. Cotrufo
The recognition of factors involved in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs) may support the choice of therapeutic strategies and improve the prevention/treatment of eating pathologies and their outcomes. Based on this consideration, the overall purpose of the chapter is to investigate how some psychological characteristics link to EDs. It is organized as follows. First, the epidemiological aspects, risk, and maintaining factors for ED are outlined. Next, we present the findings from our two studies. The purpose of the first study was to identify predictors associated with the severity of eating symptomatology. Then, the objec-tive of the second study was to provide an understanding of the relationship among perceived parental bonding, self-esteem, perfectionism, body shame, body mass index, and ED risk and mainly to test a predictive ED risk model in a non-clinical sample. In conclusion, the major findings and practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Risk and Maintenance Factors for Eating Disorders: An Exploration of Multivariate Models on Clinical and Non-Clinical Populations","authors":"S. Cella, Mara Iannaccone, A. Cipriano, P. Cotrufo","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.91063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91063","url":null,"abstract":"The recognition of factors involved in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs) may support the choice of therapeutic strategies and improve the prevention/treatment of eating pathologies and their outcomes. Based on this consideration, the overall purpose of the chapter is to investigate how some psychological characteristics link to EDs. It is organized as follows. First, the epidemiological aspects, risk, and maintaining factors for ED are outlined. Next, we present the findings from our two studies. The purpose of the first study was to identify predictors associated with the severity of eating symptomatology. Then, the objec-tive of the second study was to provide an understanding of the relationship among perceived parental bonding, self-esteem, perfectionism, body shame, body mass index, and ED risk and mainly to test a predictive ED risk model in a non-clinical sample. In conclusion, the major findings and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83639001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-05DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90353
E. Gutiérrez, O. Carrera
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition primarily affecting young women, and AN has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders. AN continues to be a disorder refractory to psychological or pharmacologi-cal treatment. An innovative approach arises from research in rats simultaneously placed on a restricted feeding schedule and given free access to an activity wheel. The detrimental effects of combining diet and exercise in rats can be reversed by a manipulation of ambient temperature (AT). Warming animals exposed to these experimental arrangements reverses running activity, preserves food intake, and enables rats to recover from acute weight loss. This represents a strong preclinical evidence that provides a rationale for a translational approach for the treatment of AN. However, heat application to AN patients was already a recommendation made by William Gull in his seminal paper on AN disorder. A historical perspective of supplying heat to AN patients reviews the circumstances and foundation of this practice. The manipulation of AT in activity-based anorexia (ABA) rats has ended with a period of neglect of AT that parallels the complete neglect of the role of AT in the human AN disorder, either as a risk factor, as a modulating factor in the course of the disorder, or in terms of its utility in the treatment of AN.
{"title":"Warming in Anorexia Nervosa: A Review","authors":"E. Gutiérrez, O. Carrera","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90353","url":null,"abstract":"Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition primarily affecting young women, and AN has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders. AN continues to be a disorder refractory to psychological or pharmacologi-cal treatment. An innovative approach arises from research in rats simultaneously placed on a restricted feeding schedule and given free access to an activity wheel. The detrimental effects of combining diet and exercise in rats can be reversed by a manipulation of ambient temperature (AT). Warming animals exposed to these experimental arrangements reverses running activity, preserves food intake, and enables rats to recover from acute weight loss. This represents a strong preclinical evidence that provides a rationale for a translational approach for the treatment of AN. However, heat application to AN patients was already a recommendation made by William Gull in his seminal paper on AN disorder. A historical perspective of supplying heat to AN patients reviews the circumstances and foundation of this practice. The manipulation of AT in activity-based anorexia (ABA) rats has ended with a period of neglect of AT that parallels the complete neglect of the role of AT in the human AN disorder, either as a risk factor, as a modulating factor in the course of the disorder, or in terms of its utility in the treatment of AN.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90011
Ermal Bojdani, Flavia De Souza, Aishwarya K. Rajagopalan, A. Chen, Alesia A. Cloutier, Troy R. Nold, Dil Tahera
Eating disorders, psychotic illnesses, and substance use disorders are some of the more common psychiatric conditions encountered in clinical practice that are associated with hyponatremia. The mechanisms that lead to hyponatremia vary, and at times hyponatremia may be a result of a drug side effect or drug-drug interaction. Additionally, hyponatremia from a non-psychiatric condition may lead to psychiatric symptomatology. Given the potential for hyponatremia to cause significant morbidity and potential mortality, clinicians are urged to consider screening for plasma sodium in patients at risk of hyponatremia, such as patients in the three categories of psychiatric conditions described above. Treatment of hyponatremia consists of various acute interventions, with consideration that treatment of the underlying psychiatric condition may help to diminish or eliminate the frequency of hyponatremic episodes in the long run.
{"title":"Hyponatremia and Psychiatric Diseases","authors":"Ermal Bojdani, Flavia De Souza, Aishwarya K. Rajagopalan, A. Chen, Alesia A. Cloutier, Troy R. Nold, Dil Tahera","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90011","url":null,"abstract":"Eating disorders, psychotic illnesses, and substance use disorders are some of the more common psychiatric conditions encountered in clinical practice that are associated with hyponatremia. The mechanisms that lead to hyponatremia vary, and at times hyponatremia may be a result of a drug side effect or drug-drug interaction. Additionally, hyponatremia from a non-psychiatric condition may lead to psychiatric symptomatology. Given the potential for hyponatremia to cause significant morbidity and potential mortality, clinicians are urged to consider screening for plasma sodium in patients at risk of hyponatremia, such as patients in the three categories of psychiatric conditions described above. Treatment of hyponatremia consists of various acute interventions, with consideration that treatment of the underlying psychiatric condition may help to diminish or eliminate the frequency of hyponatremic episodes in the long run.","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87501907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Internet Technology in Enhancing the Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Management","authors":"David Blackburn, Kristina Spellman","doi":"10.1089/OBE.2010.0307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/OBE.2010.0307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"6 1","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/OBE.2010.0307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60513965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain Imaging, the Prefrontal Cortex, and Obesity: Where Do We Stand?","authors":"M. Alonso-Alonso","doi":"10.1089/OBE.2010.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/OBE.2010.0306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"6 1","pages":"126-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/OBE.2010.0306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60513875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Elephant in the Room","authors":"James O Hill, H. Wyatt","doi":"10.1089/OBE.2010.0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/OBE.2010.0300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"6 1","pages":"103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/OBE.2010.0300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60513475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gastric Bypass and Polyneuropathy Resembling Guillain-Barré Syndrome","authors":"C. Fehnel, Scott A. Boruchow","doi":"10.1089/OBE.2010.0310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/OBE.2010.0310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93479,"journal":{"name":"Obesity and weight management","volume":"6 1","pages":"141-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/OBE.2010.0310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60514147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：