Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.100150
{"title":"Analysis of Predictors for Spinal Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis in Chile Based on Diagnosis-Related Groups","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.100150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.100150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"32 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.100149
Erica Santana D´Agostino, Sandra Garrido de Barros, Maria Isabel Pereira Vianna, Maria Cristina, Teixeira Cangussu
Work
工作
{"title":"COVID-19 Contamination, Changes in Work Routine and the Impacts on the Mental Health of Primary Care Professionals in Salvador-Ba, Brazil, 2022","authors":"Erica Santana D´Agostino, Sandra Garrido de Barros, Maria Isabel Pereira Vianna, Maria Cristina, Teixeira Cangussu","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.100149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.100149","url":null,"abstract":"Work","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47020879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.100048
{"title":"The Relationship between Pollen, Air Pollution and Asthma Exacerbations in Children in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania: A Case-Crossover Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.100048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.100048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69478272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.13.20173914
W. Javed, J. B. Baqar, S. Abidi, W. Farooq
Population-level serologic testing has demonstrated groundbreaking results in monitoring the prevalence and case-fatality of COVID-19 within a population. In Pakistan, Getz Pharma conducted a sero-prevalence survey on a sample of 24,210 individuals using the IgG/IgM Test Kit (Colloidal gold) with follow-up and sequential testing after every 15-20 days on a sub-sample. This is the first of its kind, large scale census conducted on a dense, urban, working population in Pakistan. The study results reveal that from 24,210 individuals screened, 17.5% tested positive, with 7% IgM positive, 6.0% IgG positive and 4.5% combined IgM and IgG positive. These findings have been extrapolated to the rest of the urban, adult, working population of Pakistan, and as of 6th July, 2020, 4.11 million people in Pakistan have been infected with COVID-19, which is 17.7 times higher than the current number of 231,818 symptom-based PCR cases reported by the government which exclude asymptomatic cases.
{"title":"Sero-prevalence findings from metropoles in Pakistan: implications for assessing COVID-19 prevalence and case-fatality within a dense, urban working population","authors":"W. Javed, J. B. Baqar, S. Abidi, W. Farooq","doi":"10.1101/2020.08.13.20173914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.13.20173914","url":null,"abstract":"Population-level serologic testing has demonstrated groundbreaking results in monitoring the prevalence and case-fatality of COVID-19 within a population. In Pakistan, Getz Pharma conducted a sero-prevalence survey on a sample of 24,210 individuals using the IgG/IgM Test Kit (Colloidal gold) with follow-up and sequential testing after every 15-20 days on a sub-sample. This is the first of its kind, large scale census conducted on a dense, urban, working population in Pakistan. The study results reveal that from 24,210 individuals screened, 17.5% tested positive, with 7% IgM positive, 6.0% IgG positive and 4.5% combined IgM and IgG positive. These findings have been extrapolated to the rest of the urban, adult, working population of Pakistan, and as of 6th July, 2020, 4.11 million people in Pakistan have been infected with COVID-19, which is 17.7 times higher than the current number of 231,818 symptom-based PCR cases reported by the government which exclude asymptomatic cases.","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.100042
C. Coe, V. Tsenkova, G. Love, N. Kawakami, Mayumi Karasawa, S. Kitayama, H. Markus, C. Ryff
Aim To compare the prevalence of poor glycemic control in probability samples of Japanese and American adults, and to determine the association with their somatic phenotypes. Material and Methods Blood samples and anthropometric measures were obtained from 382 Japanese, 32-79 years of age, randomly selected to reflect the 23 wards of Tokyo. HA1c values were compared to 1215 Americans, 35-86 years of age, from a national study across the 48 continental states, along with an over-sampling of African-Americans from one city (www.midus.wisc.edu). Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-hip ratio (WHR) were also assessed. Results Many Japanese now have high HA1c approaching Caucasian-American levels, although elevated HA1c (>6.5%, 48 mmol/mol) is not nearly as prevalent as among African-Americans. Significant age-related trends were evident in both countries, with poor glycemic control occurring at younger ages in males and rarely found until old age in Japanese women. Japanese had higher HA1c levels at BMIs of 23-25, in contrast to Americans with Type 2 diabetes who more typically had a BMI over 30. Central adiposity predicted HA1c levels better than BMI, a relationship also apparent at a smaller WHR in Japan. Conclusion The prevalence of high HA1c in Tokyo almost rivals white Americans, but those statistics are dwarfed by the 37% of Afr-Amer adults identified with Type 2 diabetes. Elevated HA1c was more common in men, reflecting central adiposity, but poor glycemic control was also widespread among overweight Afr-Amer women. Type 2 diabetes was higher among older Japanese, when more women succumb. Overall, the findings highlight the societal and clinical challenges posed by demographic trends in both countries.
{"title":"Age-Related Trends in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese and White and Black American Adults.","authors":"C. Coe, V. Tsenkova, G. Love, N. Kawakami, Mayumi Karasawa, S. Kitayama, H. Markus, C. Ryff","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.100042","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To compare the prevalence of poor glycemic control in probability samples of Japanese and American adults, and to determine the association with their somatic phenotypes. Material and Methods Blood samples and anthropometric measures were obtained from 382 Japanese, 32-79 years of age, randomly selected to reflect the 23 wards of Tokyo. HA1c values were compared to 1215 Americans, 35-86 years of age, from a national study across the 48 continental states, along with an over-sampling of African-Americans from one city (www.midus.wisc.edu). Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-hip ratio (WHR) were also assessed. Results Many Japanese now have high HA1c approaching Caucasian-American levels, although elevated HA1c (>6.5%, 48 mmol/mol) is not nearly as prevalent as among African-Americans. Significant age-related trends were evident in both countries, with poor glycemic control occurring at younger ages in males and rarely found until old age in Japanese women. Japanese had higher HA1c levels at BMIs of 23-25, in contrast to Americans with Type 2 diabetes who more typically had a BMI over 30. Central adiposity predicted HA1c levels better than BMI, a relationship also apparent at a smaller WHR in Japan. Conclusion The prevalence of high HA1c in Tokyo almost rivals white Americans, but those statistics are dwarfed by the 37% of Afr-Amer adults identified with Type 2 diabetes. Elevated HA1c was more common in men, reflecting central adiposity, but poor glycemic control was also widespread among overweight Afr-Amer women. Type 2 diabetes was higher among older Japanese, when more women succumb. Overall, the findings highlight the societal and clinical challenges posed by demographic trends in both countries.","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69477134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.100046
{"title":"Assessing Climate Related Kidney Disease in Palm Beach County, Florida","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.100046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69478266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.101032
H. Jamil, Thamer Hamdanm, S. Rawaf, E. Dubois, S. S. Yaso, Suhair Aljoboori, Sawsan W Jamil, B. Arnetz
Context: Although Iraqis were exposed to very severe conditions during the 1991 Gulf War, we have very little information on the effect of distance from the war zone on the outcomes of pregnancy and congenital anomalies in children. Aim: To determine if pregnancy outcomes vary by distance from the 1991Gulf War battle zone. Methods: The study sample consisted of men between the ages 18-45 years and residents within 360 kilometres in Iraqi providences of Basra & Messan at time of 1991 Gulf War. During 2002, 720 out of 1150 participant were enrolled in the study because they were married and had at least one child. We divided the population study into two main groups: battle and non-battle zone and studied the effects of war on pregnancy outcomes. Results: Congenital anomalies in the non-battle zones appear to be significantly higher, which implies that the impact of war was not restricted to the war zone. Conclusion: There is no relationship between geographical closeness to Kuwait and adverse pregnancy outcome.
{"title":"Pregnancy Outcome Among Iraqi Soldiers & Civilians in Iraq and Gulf War 1991","authors":"H. Jamil, Thamer Hamdanm, S. Rawaf, E. Dubois, S. S. Yaso, Suhair Aljoboori, Sawsan W Jamil, B. Arnetz","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.101032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.101032","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Although Iraqis were exposed to very severe conditions during the 1991 Gulf War, we have very little information on the effect of distance from the war zone on the outcomes of pregnancy and congenital anomalies in children. Aim: To determine if pregnancy outcomes vary by distance from the 1991Gulf War battle zone. Methods: The study sample consisted of men between the ages 18-45 years and residents within 360 kilometres in Iraqi providences of Basra & Messan at time of 1991 Gulf War. During 2002, 720 out of 1150 participant were enrolled in the study because they were married and had at least one child. We divided the population study into two main groups: battle and non-battle zone and studied the effects of war on pregnancy outcomes. Results: Congenital anomalies in the non-battle zones appear to be significantly higher, which implies that the impact of war was not restricted to the war zone. Conclusion: There is no relationship between geographical closeness to Kuwait and adverse pregnancy outcome.","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.000031
A. Kahlon, S. L. Mahajan
Introduction: Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research is a tertiary health care institution. The adoption of mobile phones promotes an addiction-like behaviour and is evolving as a public health problem that renders them at risk of developing addictions. Aim and Objective: To study and compare the addiction like behaviour of mobile phone using adolescent and young adult medical students of SGRDIMSAR. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional type of study conducted amongst adolescent (age < 19years) and young adult (age >19 years) medical students of SGRDIMSAR, Sri Amritsar from October 2018 to January 2019 upon 412 medical students willing to participate in the study. These medical students were divided into two groups i.e. adolescents and young adults. A series of 20 standardised questions having two responses i.e. agree and disagree was used to assess their addiction like behaviour. The effects of mobile phone on it’s users were divided into following groups i.e. Anxiety, Lack of control, Lack of priority for urgent matters, Trouble caused to mobile phone user and other addiction like effects of mobile phone use. These were analyzed statistically by applying the ꭓ2 test and the valid conclusions were drawn. Results: Total 412 medical students of SGRDIMSAR were studied. Among these students 102 (24.7%) were the adolescents and 310 (75.3%) were young adults. Among the 20 questions related to the addiction like behaviour of the medical students using the mobile phones, for the 19 questions, higher percentage of young adults was found than the adolescents who agreed for the questions asked. For question regarding complaining by friends and family about their excessive mobile phone use higher number and percentage, 163 (55.8%) of adolescents agreed as compared to young adults, 57 (52.5%), that was contrary to the responses given by them to the other questions. Conclusion: Higher percentage had shown the addiction like behaviour in young adults than adolescents due mobile phone use. This might be due to the reason that they had higher age; thus they might have used the mobile phones for the longer period of time. It is recommended that further studies should be conducted on smartphone users and large sample size of study subjects should be taken. Now among the students using mobile phones/smartphones; as both are in use now, early diagnosis and management of addiction like behavior should be done.
简介:Sri Guru Ram Das医学科学研究所是一个三级卫生保健机构。移动电话的使用促进了类似成瘾的行为，并正在演变成一个公共卫生问题，使他们面临上瘾的风险。目的与目的:研究和比较SGRDIMSAR青少年和青年医学生的手机成瘾行为。材料和方法:这是一项横断面研究，在2018年10月至2019年1月期间，在斯利阿姆利则SGRDIMSAR的青少年(年龄< 19岁)和年轻成人(年龄0 - 19岁)医学生中进行，共有412名医学生愿意参加研究。这些医学生被分为两组，即青少年和年轻人。一系列的20个标准化问题有两个回答，即同意和不同意，被用来评估他们的成瘾行为。手机对用户的影响分为以下几组，即焦虑，缺乏控制，对紧急事项缺乏优先考虑，给手机用户带来的麻烦和其他成瘾的影响，如手机使用的影响。应用ꭓ2检验进行统计分析，得出有效结论。结果:共调查412名SGRDIMSAR医学生。其中青少年102人(24.7%)，青壮年310人(75.3%)。在与医学生使用手机成瘾行为相关的20个问题中，在19个问题中，年轻人的比例高于同意问题的青少年。在“朋友和家人对自己过度使用手机的抱怨数量和比例较高”的问题上，163名青少年(55.8%)表示同意，而57名青少年(52.5%)表示同意，这与他们对其他问题的回答相反。结论:青少年因使用手机而产生成瘾行为的比例高于青少年。这可能是由于他们的年龄较大;因此，他们可能使用手机的时间更长。建议对智能手机用户进行进一步的研究，并采取大样本的研究对象。现在在使用手机/智能手机的学生中;由于这两种药物目前都在使用，因此应该对成瘾行为进行早期诊断和管理。
{"title":"Addiction like Behaviour of Mobile Phone Using Medical Students of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Sri Amritsar","authors":"A. Kahlon, S. L. Mahajan","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.000031","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research is a tertiary health care institution. The adoption of mobile phones promotes an addiction-like behaviour and is evolving as a public health problem that renders them at risk of developing addictions. Aim and Objective: To study and compare the addiction like behaviour of mobile phone using adolescent and young adult medical students of SGRDIMSAR. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional type of study conducted amongst adolescent (age < 19years) and young adult (age >19 years) medical students of SGRDIMSAR, Sri Amritsar from October 2018 to January 2019 upon 412 medical students willing to participate in the study. These medical students were divided into two groups i.e. adolescents and young adults. A series of 20 standardised questions having two responses i.e. agree and disagree was used to assess their addiction like behaviour. The effects of mobile phone on it’s users were divided into following groups i.e. Anxiety, Lack of control, Lack of priority for urgent matters, Trouble caused to mobile phone user and other addiction like effects of mobile phone use. These were analyzed statistically by applying the ꭓ2 test and the valid conclusions were drawn. Results: Total 412 medical students of SGRDIMSAR were studied. Among these students 102 (24.7%) were the adolescents and 310 (75.3%) were young adults. Among the 20 questions related to the addiction like behaviour of the medical students using the mobile phones, for the 19 questions, higher percentage of young adults was found than the adolescents who agreed for the questions asked. For question regarding complaining by friends and family about their excessive mobile phone use higher number and percentage, 163 (55.8%) of adolescents agreed as compared to young adults, 57 (52.5%), that was contrary to the responses given by them to the other questions. Conclusion: Higher percentage had shown the addiction like behaviour in young adults than adolescents due mobile phone use. This might be due to the reason that they had higher age; thus they might have used the mobile phones for the longer period of time. It is recommended that further studies should be conducted on smartphone users and large sample size of study subjects should be taken. Now among the students using mobile phones/smartphones; as both are in use now, early diagnosis and management of addiction like behavior should be done.","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69476386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.000033
L. Dabos, M. Nastro, R. Bonnin, Á. Famiglietti, L. Dortet, C. Rodríguez, T. Naas
Due to the paucity of remaining antibiotics for treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, polymyxins have become the last resort antibiotics. As a consequence, colistin resistance is increasingly reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze colistin-resistant E. coli clinical isolates, recovered between 2014 and 2016 at the University Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nine clinical colistin resistant E. coli isolates were studied. These isolates were recovered from urine samples of 5 inpatients and 4 outpatients. Whole genome sequencing was performed using Illumina technology. Plasmid characterization and mating-out assay was done using E. coli J53 as receptor strain. Antibiotic susceptibility (MIC) of clinical isolates and their transconjugants was determined using broth microdilution method. WGS analysis revealed the presence of mcr-1 gene in six out of the 9 isolates: 4 isolates carried mcr-1 and 2 carried mcr-1.5 alleles. All the clinical isolates had MIC values for colistin in the range of 4-16 mg/L. The three isolates lacking any mcr variant, presented point mutations in the chromosomal pmrA or pmrB genes. The mcr-1 gene were located on plasmids similar to the prototypical Incl2-type (KY471308, pMCR-M15049) differing only by little deletions. Until this date mcr-1.5 allele was reported once in Argentina and in Japan, suggested a transcontinental dissemination of this variant.
{"title":"MCR-1 and MCR-1.5 Producing Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Argentina","authors":"L. Dabos, M. Nastro, R. Bonnin, Á. Famiglietti, L. Dortet, C. Rodríguez, T. Naas","doi":"10.29011/2577-2252.000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2577-2252.000033","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the paucity of remaining antibiotics for treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, polymyxins have become the last resort antibiotics. As a consequence, colistin resistance is increasingly reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze colistin-resistant E. coli clinical isolates, recovered between 2014 and 2016 at the University Hospital of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nine clinical colistin resistant E. coli isolates were studied. These isolates were recovered from urine samples of 5 inpatients and 4 outpatients. Whole genome sequencing was performed using Illumina technology. Plasmid characterization and mating-out assay was done using E. coli J53 as receptor strain. Antibiotic susceptibility (MIC) of clinical isolates and their transconjugants was determined using broth microdilution method. WGS analysis revealed the presence of mcr-1 gene in six out of the 9 isolates: 4 isolates carried mcr-1 and 2 carried mcr-1.5 alleles. All the clinical isolates had MIC values for colistin in the range of 4-16 mg/L. The three isolates lacking any mcr variant, presented point mutations in the chromosomal pmrA or pmrB genes. The mcr-1 gene were located on plasmids similar to the prototypical Incl2-type (KY471308, pMCR-M15049) differing only by little deletions. Until this date mcr-1.5 allele was reported once in Argentina and in Japan, suggested a transcontinental dissemination of this variant.","PeriodicalId":93522,"journal":{"name":"Archives of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69477396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.000028
H. Bellali, F. Saffar, N. Alaya, I. Nouiri, J. Ghrab, M. Chahed
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in many parts of the world. There are about twenty different species of Leishmania capable of infecting humans. The distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis is very closely related to the geographical characteristics and the ecological specificities of the endemic areas. Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis in Tunisia. We used Eco Health Approach to understand if and how farming practices in two communities in Central Tunisia affect farmers’ exposure to P. papatasi, the vector of ZCL. Methods: We reviewed irrigation records and conducted site visits and interviews with community members and entomological investigation in 2 rural areas (Hichria and Ouled Mhamed) in Sidi Bouzid, Central Tunisia. Results: In Hichria, relatively intensive farming, combined with inefficient surface irrigation technology and limited irrigation capacity, results in a need for nighttime irrigation activity. In Ouled Mhamed (Bir Badr), farmers used more efficient sprinkler and drip irrigation techniques. The aging infrastructure and limited economic opportunities from farming have discouraged investment in more intensive agriculture. Farming is mostly limited to end-of-season olive production. Local demand for irrigation is easily met in daytime hours. In Hichria, female P. papatasi was present in the irrigation zone and in livestock shelters nighttime. Leishmania DNA was detected in 20 of 241 females in this area including 8 in the irrigated zone. Farming practices in Hichria require farmers to irrigate at night, increasing their exposure to the ZCL vector and hence their risk of infection. In nearby Ouled Mhamed, because of different farming practices, farmers do not engage in nighttime irrigation and thus do not face this same exposure. Conclusion: Economic strategies (e.g. intensity of agriculture, crop choices, and animal husbandry), technology (e.g. surface vs. drip irrigation) and institutional arrangements (e.g. community responses to meet irrigation needs) may be important human environment determinants of ZCL risk. Interventions targeting these same factors may help reduce risks of ZCL infection, complementary to more conventional vector control and case detection and treatment, where they exist. Citation: Bellali H, Saffar F, Ben Alaya Bouafif N, Nouiri I, Ghrab J, et al. (2019) Using Ecosystem Approach to Address Infection with Leishmania Major in Central Tunisia. Arch Epidemiol 3: 1028. DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.101028 2 Volume 3; Issue 01 Arch Epidemiol, an open access journal ISSN: 2577-2252 Author Summary Research on the ZCL in Tunisia has mostly focused on • disease epidemiology, including more recently on its ecoepidemiology and the environmental determinants of risk, and on clinical research. There has been virtually no attention to the human environmental determinants of risk. This paper is the first-ever research work, using Eco Health approach, to study the effect
背景:皮肤利什曼病在世界许多地方流行。大约有20种不同的利什曼原虫能够感染人类。皮肤利什曼病的分布与流行地区的地理特征和生态特性密切相关。人畜共患皮肤利什曼病(ZCL)是突尼斯最常见的利什曼病。我们使用生态健康方法来了解突尼斯中部两个社区的耕作方式是否以及如何影响农民对ZCL病媒papatasi的暴露。方法:对突尼斯中部Sidi Bouzid的2个农村地区(Hichria和Ouled Mhamed)进行灌溉记录、实地调查、社区成员访谈和昆虫学调查。结果:在Hichria，相对集约化的农业，加上低效的地面灌溉技术和有限的灌溉能力，导致需要夜间灌溉活动。在Ouled Mhamed (Bir Badr)，农民使用了更有效的喷灌和滴灌技术。老化的基础设施和有限的农业经济机会阻碍了对更集约化农业的投资。农业主要局限于季末的橄榄生产。当地对灌溉的需求很容易在白天得到满足。在Hichria，夜间在灌溉区和牲畜棚内均有雌性木瓜棘球绦虫。该地区241只雌虫中检出利什曼原虫DNA 20例，其中灌区8例。Hichria的耕作方式要求农民在夜间灌溉，这增加了他们与ZCL病媒的接触，从而增加了他们感染的风险。在附近的Ouled Mhamed，由于不同的耕作方式，农民不从事夜间灌溉，因此不会面临同样的暴露。结论:经济策略(如农业强度、作物选择和畜牧业)、技术(如地灌与滴灌)和制度安排(如满足灌溉需求的社区响应)可能是ZCL风险的重要人类环境决定因素。针对这些相同因素的干预措施可能有助于降低ZCL感染风险，补充更传统的病媒控制以及病例发现和治疗(如果存在)。引用本文:Bellali H, Saffar F, Ben Alaya Bouafif N, Nouiri I, Ghrab J，等。(2019)利用生态系统方法解决突尼斯中部重大利什曼原虫感染。流行病学杂志3:1028。DOI: 10.29011/2577-2252.101028 2卷3;突尼斯ZCL的研究主要集中于疾病流行病学，包括最近的生态流行病学和风险的环境决定因素，以及临床研究。几乎没有人注意到风险的人类环境决定因素。本文首次采用生态健康方法研究了突尼斯不同农业制度对ZCL暴露的影响。多种因素(耕作强度、作物选择、灌溉技术和管理)的结合要求一个社区实行夜间灌溉，从而增加了他们对ZCL唯一媒介——夜间沙蝇P. papatasi的暴露。对人类环境决定因素的了解表明，在突尼斯和其他流行病流行地区，短期内预防ZCL的新可能性具有成本效益和切实可行。
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