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Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia in older people with type 2 Diabetes and the Mediating Effect of Inflammation 抑郁作为老年2型糖尿病患者痴呆的危险因素及炎症的中介作用
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/021
Ahmed Esmael
Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the relation between depression and dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Clinically diagnosed Type 2 diabetes underwent screening for depression using Beck's Depression Inventory scale and subsequent risk of dementia defined using medical reports, prescription data and death certificates. The mediating act of inflammation systemically was measured by assessing four inflammatory markers (C reactive protein, ESR and Fibrinogen). Results: The study was conducted on 102 diabetic type 2 patients, included 48 males and 54 females. Patients divided into 12 (11.7%) patients with depression and 90 (88.3%) patients without depression (mean age 61±8.6 and 60.9±9.2 respectively). Mean BMI in depressive patients was 33.5 ± 9.3 and was 31.9 ± 8.9 in non-depressive cases (P value 0.01). There were no significant differences in patients with and without depression regarding the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking as risk factors of dementia. Patients with depression had significant impaired cognition and the total MoCA scores were significantly lower than those of patients without depression (23.21 ± 3.48 vs 26.34 ± 3.78, P <0.05). Complication of diabetes in patients with depression as neuropathy was significant (P value 0.005). Other complications as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy were non-significant. Inflammatory markers levels in patients with depressive symptoms were significantly higher (P value < 0.01). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is an important association between dementia and depression. Systemic inflammation had a significant role in the relation between depression and dementia.
目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者抑郁与痴呆的关系。方法:使用Beck抑郁量表对临床诊断的2型糖尿病进行抑郁筛查,并根据医疗报告、处方数据和死亡证明对随后的痴呆风险进行定义。通过评估四种炎症标志物(C反应蛋白、ESR和纤维蛋白原)来系统地测量炎症的介导作用。结果:研究对象为102例2型糖尿病患者,其中男性48例,女性54例。患者分为12名(11.7%)抑郁症患者和90名(88.3%)无抑郁症患者(平均年龄分别为61±8.6和60.9±9.2)。抑郁症患者的平均BMI为33.5±9.3,非抑郁症患者为31.9±8.9(P值0.01)。在高血压、高脂血症和吸烟作为痴呆的危险因素方面,抑郁症患者和非抑郁症患者没有显著差异。抑郁症患者认知功能明显受损,MoCA总分明显低于非抑郁症患者(23.21±3.48 vs 26.34±3.78,P<0.05)。糖尿病并发症以神经病变为主(P值0.005)。糖尿病视网膜病变和肾病等并发症不显著。有抑郁症状的患者炎症标志物水平显著升高(P值<0.01)。结论:2型糖尿病患者痴呆与抑郁之间存在重要联系。全身炎症在抑郁症和痴呆之间的关系中起着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological assistance to long-distance seafarers" V.Stepanenko 对长途海员的心理援助”V.Stepanenko
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/032
V. Stepanenko
In the conditions of long voyages, the need for psychological help arises when the team has the following more or less pronounced psychological characteristics that manifest themselves in relationships and relationships. A state of stress arises and developsas a consequence of increasedinternal (psychological) tension.
在长途航行的条件下,当团队或多或少具有以下明显的心理特征,这些特征表现在人际关系中时,就需要心理帮助。压力状态的产生和发展是内部(心理)紧张加剧的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Body Image Distortion in Patients with Depression and Normal Persons as Good Enough Draw a Person Test 抑郁症患者和正常人的身体图像失真状况
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/017
R. Bidaki
Aim and Background: Body image refers to the perception and feeling that a person has about his/her physical self and its constituents. This research studies the comparison of body image distortion in patients with depression and normal in Rafsanjan city, Iran. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical study with case and control group. The investigated population consists of all patients with depressive disorder who referred to psychiatric Children and Adolesce outpatient clinics of Rafsanjan City (A city in southwest of Iran) in 2014. Drawing test of "Good enough - Harris" had been used in 40 depressed patients and 40 non-depressed as a control group.Chi-square test for data analyzing had been used. Results: The results showed that depressed patients in painting of the dummies were different in the most aspects as compared to control group. Conclusion: We suggest using "dummy test Good enough- Harris " in order to complementary diagnosis of depressed Persons.
目的和背景:身体意象是指一个人对他/她的身体自我及其组成部分的感知和感受。本研究对伊朗拉夫桑詹市抑郁症患者和正常人的身体图像失真进行了比较研究。方法:这是一项描述性分析研究,包括病例和对照组。调查人群包括2014年转诊至拉夫桑詹市(伊朗西南部城市)精神病儿童和青少年门诊的所有抑郁症患者。采用“Good enough-Harris”绘图测验对40例抑郁症患者和40例非抑郁症患者进行对照。数据分析采用卡方检验。结果:与对照组相比,抑郁症患者在假人绘画的大部分方面存在差异。结论:建议采用“Good enough-Harris”模拟试验对抑郁症患者进行辅助诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (Esus) In the Real-World Practice: Comparison Between Brown-Af, As5f And Cha2ds2-Vasc Scores 在现实世界的实践中预测来源不明的栓塞性卒中患者阵发性心房颤动:Brown-Af、As5f和Cha2ds2-Vasc评分的比较
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/018
L. Masotti
Introduction: Searching paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is fundamental and strongly recommended in patients suffering from cryptogenic stroke or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). In the latest years some prediction scores for detecting post-stroke PAF have been proposed, such as Brown-AF and AS5F. However, external validations lack. The aim of the present study was to analyze the predictive power of AS5F and Brown-AF scores and compare them with the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Materials and Methods We analyzed demographic, clinical, trans-thoracic echocardiography and brain computer tomography characteristics of patients with ESUS undergone to two weeks external ECG monitoring after hospital discharge. PAF was considered detected when any evidence of AF and/or atrial flutter occurred at monitoring. For each patient we calculated the Brown-AF, AS5F and CHA2DS2-VASc scores and we analyzed and compared their predictive power by using area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC). Results: Eighty-two consecutive ESUS patients with mean age ± SD 72 ± 10 years were the study population. Overall, PAF was detected in 43.9% of patients. PAF detection increased from 18.75% of patients with Brown ESUS-AF score 0 to 54.3% of patients with Brown ESUS-AF score ≥ 2. PAF was detected in 37.2% of patients with AS5F < 67.5 and 51.2% of patients with AS5F score ≥ 67.5. AUROC of Brown ESUS-AF score in predicting AF detection was 0.642 (95% CI: 0.528-0.745), while AUROC of AS5F was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.504-0.723)(p=0.6872). No difference between predictive power of Brown ESUS-AF and AS5F scores with CHA2DS2-VASc (AUROC 0.671, 95% CI: 0.559-0.771) was found. Conclusion: Both Brown ESUS-AF and AS5F scores could be used as a screening tool for selecting ESUS patients requiring prolonged ECG monitoring aimed to detect PAF. However, in our study their predictive power was quite low and not superior to that of CHA2DS2-VASc score.
搜索阵发性心房颤动(PAF)是基本的,强烈建议在患有不明原因中风或栓塞性中风(ESUS)的患者中进行。近年来,人们提出了一些预测脑卒中后PAF的评分方法,如Brown-AF和AS5F。然而,外部验证缺乏。本研究的目的是分析AS5F和Brown-AF评分的预测能力,并将其与CHA2DS2-VASc评分进行比较。材料与方法对ESUS患者出院后进行体外心电图监测至2周的人口学、临床、经胸超声心动图及脑ct特征进行分析。当监测中出现房颤和/或心房扑动的证据时,认为检测到了PAF。对于每位患者,我们计算Brown-AF、AS5F和CHA2DS2-VASc评分,并使用受试者工作曲线下面积(AUROC)分析和比较其预测能力。结果:研究人群为82例连续ESUS患者,平均年龄±SD为72±10岁。总体而言,43.9%的患者检测到PAF。PAF检出率从Brown ESUS-AF评分为0的患者的18.75%上升到Brown ESUS-AF评分≥2的患者的54.3%。AS5F评分< 67.5的患者中有37.2%检测到PAF, AS5F评分≥67.5的患者中有51.2%检测到PAF。Brown ESUS-AF评分预测AF检测的AUROC为0.642 (95% CI: 0.528-0.745), AS5F的AUROC为0.618 (95% CI: 0.504-0.723)(p=0.6872)。Brown ESUS-AF和AS5F评分与CHA2DS2-VASc的预测能力无差异(AUROC为0.671,95% CI为0.559-0.771)。结论:Brown ESUS- af和AS5F评分均可作为ESUS患者的筛选工具,用于选择需要长时间ECG监测以检测PAF的ESUS患者。然而,在我们的研究中,它们的预测能力很低,并不优于CHA2DS2-VASc评分。
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引用次数: 0
Predictive Power of Hemorrhagic Transformation Scores in Real Life Stroke Patients Undergone to Urgent Reperfusion: A Brief Report 现实生活中脑卒中患者进行紧急再灌注时出血转化评分的预测能力:简要报告
Pub Date : 2022-09-03 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/024
L. Masotti
Introduction and aim: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is the most feared complication in acute phase of ischemic stroke. Predicting HT is of utmost importance in clinical practice. In the latest years a lot of HT prediction scores have been proposed, but their comparison in real life lack. Therefore, the aim of our study was to provide information about this topic. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively calculated THRIVE, SPAN-100, MSS score, SITS-ICH and GRASPS scores in patients consecutively admitted in our Stroke Unit along two years. To evaluate their predictive power, the area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated. Results: Study population was composed by ninety-one patients (51.6% females) with mean age 80.1 ± 11.3 years. Seventy-four (81.3%) patients undergone to systemic intravenous alteplase, seven (7.7%) to mechanical thrombectomy, ten (11%) to systemic intravenous alteplase plus mechanical thrombectomy. Eighteen patients (19.7%) presented HT. MSS score was the best prognosticator of HT, however the predictive power of the five analyzed score was low, ranging from and none of the score resulted significantly superior to the others. Conclusion: Our real-life study showed a low predictive power of a lot of HT prediction scores. Further prospective studies are warranted.
简介与目的:出血性转化(HT)是缺血性脑卒中急性期最可怕的并发症。预测HT在临床实践中是至关重要的。近年来,人们提出了许多HT预测分数,但缺乏在现实生活中的比较。因此,我们研究的目的是提供有关这一主题的信息。材料和方法:我们回顾性地计算了连续两年在卒中单元住院的患者的THRIVE、SPAN-100、MSS评分、sit - ich和GRASPS评分。为了评估其预测能力,计算受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:研究人群由91例患者组成,其中女性占51.6%,平均年龄80.1±11.3岁。74例(81.3%)患者接受全身静脉注射阿替普酶,7例(7.7%)患者接受机械取栓,10例(11%)患者接受全身静脉注射阿替普酶加机械取栓。18例(19.7%)出现HT。MSS评分是HT的最佳预测指标,但5个分析评分的预测能力较低,范围从,没有一个评分明显优于其他评分。结论:我们的现实研究表明,许多HT预测评分的预测能力较低。进一步的前瞻性研究是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
The Neuroimaging Documentation of Psychedelic Drugs’ Effect on the Brain: dmt, lsd, Psilocybin, and Ibogaine as Examples: A Mini Review 致幻药物对大脑影响的神经影像学文献:以dmt、lsd、裸盖菇素和伊博加因为例:一个小型综述
Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.31579/2692-9422/027
Abdul Wahab Alahmari
Many psychedelics drugs are praised on social media platforms like YouTube by non-experts or bias documentaries claiming that these drugs have therapeutic effects on addicted patients or clarity of the mind. The aim of this paper is to collect a neuroimaging documentation of these psychedelics’ drugs and their effect on the brain. That can be documented on MRI, CT, or any other imaging modalities.
许多致幻剂在YouTube等社交媒体平台上受到非专家或偏见纪录片的赞扬,声称这些药物对成瘾患者有治疗作用或使头脑清醒。本文的目的是收集这些致幻剂的药物及其对大脑的影响的神经影像学文件。这可以在MRI, CT或任何其他成像方式上记录。
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引用次数: 0
Confirmatory Factorial Model of Entrepreneurship in the COVID-19 Era COVID-19时代企业家精神的验证性析因模型
Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/031
Cruz García Lirios
The purpose of the work was to specify a model for the study of social understanding. A documentary, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of sources indexed to international repositories, considering the indexation, year of publication and impact factor. Discussion axes were established to address the problem, although the research design limited the findings to the sample analyzed, suggesting the extension of other repositories, years and quality indicators.
这项工作的目的是为研究社会理解指定一个模型。考虑到指数化、出版年份和影响因素,对国际资料库的索引来源进行了非概率选择,进行了一项文献性、横断面和探索性研究。讨论轴是为了解决这个问题而建立的,尽管研究设计将研究结果局限于所分析的样本,建议扩展其他存储库、年份和质量指标。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Typical Antipsychotic Drugs Versus Atypical Antipsychotic Medications 抗精神病恶性综合征:典型抗精神病药物与非典型抗精神病药
Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/025
Saeed Shoja Shafti
Introduction: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an idiosyncratic reaction and a severe disorder caused by an adverse reaction to drugs with dopamine receptor- antagonist properties and is characterized by a tetrad of rigidity, fever, altered mental status, and autonomic instability. In the present assessment, typical or conventional antipsychotics have been contrasted with atypical antipsychotics with respect to recorded cases of neuroleptic malignant syndrome among a sample of nonwestern psychiatric inpatients. Methods: For assessment, all the cases with a diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome during the last sixty-two months, after exclusion of other conceivable differential diagnoses, were incorporated in the current retrospective, record-based evaluation. The clinical diagnosis was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. The valuation of independent variables was analyzed by ‘Compression of proportions. Statistical significance is defined as p value ≤0.05. Results: Amongst 19814 psychiatric inpatients, in the course of sixty-two months, eighteen cases received the diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. As said by the findings, neuroleptic malignant syndrome was meaningfully more frequent among males, in comparison with females, and it was importantly more prevalent among cases suffering from schizophrenia, in comparison with bipolar disorder. Also, the highest risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome was found in the age group of 30-39. In the current assessment, only one of the patients, who had received haloperidol, died due to aspiration pneumonia and respiratory failure, and the most prevalent symptom was fever, which was observable in one hundred percent of cases. In addition to a similar clinical profile, ‘Compression of proportions’ did not show any significant difference between the conventional (typical) antipsychotics versus the atypical antipsychotic medications with respect to the occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Conclusion: As said by the findings, no significant difference was evident between the typical antipsychotic drugs versus the atypical antipsychotic medications, with respect to incidence and clinical profile of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
引言:抗精神病药恶性综合征是一种特殊反应和严重疾病,由对具有多巴胺受体拮抗剂特性的药物的不良反应引起,其特征是强直、发烧、精神状态改变和自主神经不稳定。在本评估中,在非西方精神病住院患者样本中记录的抗精神病药物恶性综合征病例方面,将典型或常规抗精神病药与非典型抗精神病剂进行了对比。方法:为了评估,在排除其他可能的鉴别诊断后,将过去六十二个月内诊断为神经抑制性恶性综合征的所有病例纳入当前的回顾性、基于记录的评估中。临床诊断依据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版。自变量的估值采用“比例压缩法”进行分析。统计显著性定义为p值≤0.05。结果:在19814例住院精神病患者中,在62个月的时间里,有18例被诊断为抗精神病药物恶性综合征。正如研究结果所说,与女性相比,抗精神病药物恶性综合征在男性中更为常见,重要的是,与双相情感障碍相比,它在精神分裂症患者中更为普遍。此外,30-39岁年龄组患抗精神病药物恶性综合征的风险最高。在目前的评估中,只有一名接受氟哌啶醇治疗的患者死于吸入性肺炎和呼吸衰竭,最常见的症状是发烧,百分之百的病例都可以观察到发烧。除了类似的临床特征外,“比例压缩”在抗精神病恶性综合征的发生方面,传统(典型)抗精神病药物与非典型抗精神病药之间没有任何显著差异。结论:正如研究结果所说,在抗精神病恶性综合征的发病率和临床特征方面,典型抗精神病药物与非典型抗精神病药之间没有明显差异。
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引用次数: 0
Governance of the public Administration of water Resources and Services in the COVID-19 era 新冠肺炎时代水资源与服务公共管理治理
Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/023
Javier Carreón Guillén
Water problems focused on scarcity, shortages, unhealthiness and high cost have been addressed from the social representations of users of the public drinking water service, although such studies have avoided the incidence of print media on readers. The objective of the present work was to specify a model for the study of the phenomenon, considering a review of press releases of national circulation during the period from 2015 to 2022, as well as the inclusion of frames in the disseminated information. A prevalence of the data was observed towards an intermediate frame of the problems, although the research design limited the results to the study scenario, suggesting the extension of the work to other scenarios such as the contamination of the aquifers and their effects on health Environmental public.
着重于稀缺、短缺、不健康和高成本的水问题已从公共饮用水服务用户的社会陈述中得到解决,尽管此类研究避免了印刷媒体对读者的影响。本研究的目的是为研究这一现象指定一个模型,考虑到对2015年至2022年期间全国流通新闻稿的审查,以及在传播信息中纳入框架。虽然研究设计将结果限于研究情景,但观察到数据普遍趋向于问题的中间框架,这表明可以将工作扩展到其他情景,例如含水层的污染及其对健康和环境公众的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Thrombolysis with Intra-Arterial T-Pa for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Children Treated with Fontan Operation, Case Report Fontan术治疗儿童急性缺血性脑卒中动脉内T-Pa溶栓1例
Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.31579/2642-9730/015
M. Habib
We report the case of 7-year-old women with acute ischemic stroke, previously treated with Fontan operation due to complex congenital heart disease at the age of 2 years, who underwent an intra-arterial thrombolysis with a favorable outcome. No controlled randomized trials on thrombolysis among childhood stroke have been conducted yet. This and other similar cases suggest that thrombolysis may also be safe and beneficial in pediatric patients.
我们报告了一例7岁的急性缺血性卒中女性,她在2岁时因复杂的先天性心脏病接受了Fontan手术,并接受了动脉内溶栓治疗,结果良好。目前还没有对儿童中风患者进行溶栓治疗的对照随机试验。这和其他类似的病例表明,溶栓对儿科患者也是安全有益的。
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引用次数: 0
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Brain and neurological disorders
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