Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710048
Cahuich Ramon Eduardo Garcia, de la Torre Cuevas Bianca Susana, Melo Oscar Rene Vazquez, Cruz Alondra Yereldi Naranjo, Báez María Valeria Jiménez
{"title":"Nodular Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Cahuich Ramon Eduardo Garcia, de la Torre Cuevas Bianca Susana, Melo Oscar Rene Vazquez, Cruz Alondra Yereldi Naranjo, Báez María Valeria Jiménez","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43111390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710042
Elin Pierre, Jammal Georges, El Sett Antoine, Elkaddoum Ronaldo, Kourie Hampig Raphael
{"title":"Breast Cancer in Men: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the Arab World","authors":"Elin Pierre, Jammal Georges, El Sett Antoine, Elkaddoum Ronaldo, Kourie Hampig Raphael","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68754729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710037
A. Hafez, Hussein Mohamed
{"title":"Assessment of the Perception of Aesthetics and Smile Attractiveness among Dental and Health Students","authors":"A. Hafez, Hussein Mohamed","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42751217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710033
Tamm Madli, Kals Mart, Annilo Tarmo, Oselin Kersti, Keerma Katrin, Kivistik Paula Ann, Nurm Miriam, Saare Margot, Jaal Jana, Tõnisson Neeme
Background: Cancer burden is a globally growing problem. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment decrease patients’ death rate, pain, and treatment expenses. Liquid biopsy can be used for early cancer detection, treatment selection, and progression and treatment response monitoring. We evaluated the performance of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue DNA analyses using a commonly employed targeted therapeutic pathway in predicting the outcomes of patients with lung cancer, a common cancer with a generally poor prognosis. Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer (n = 106) and predominantly adenocarcinoma histology donated blood samples at baseline and progression (n = 22), with matched archival FFPE biopsy samples being available for 75 patients. We set up a targeted 21-amplicon sequencing workflow for the analysis of mutations in nine genes (ALK, AKT1, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, MET, NRAS, and PIK3CA). Molecular characteristics such as cfDNA concentration, number of mutations, and mutation occurrence in specific genes, were analyzed in respect of clinical outcome. To identify factors associated with overall survival (OS), a multivariate analysis was performed, using the technique of Cox regression. Results: The median age of the study population was 67 years with 53.8% male patients. The patients had primarily adenocarcinoma (79.2%) and stage IV disease (83%). The median OS was 327 (95% CI 275–514) days. Higher cfDNA concentrations were associated with poorer OS (HR = 1.670, 95% CI 1.108–2.516, P = 0.014). Detectable mutations [variant allele frequency (VAF) > 0.8%] were found in 63 (59%) patients’ baseline samples (median VAF = 1.1%). OS was significantly improved among patients with at least one mutation detected in cfDNA than among those with no mutation (HR = 0.477, 95% CI 0.313–0.727, P = 0.0006). In baseline cfDNA, patients with mutations of VAFs < 5% had significantly better OS compared to patients with mutations of VAFs ≥ 5% (HR = 3.510, 95% CI 1.672–7.370, P = 0.0009). Patients with slowly progressing disease had significantly more cfDNA mutations than did those with rapid cancer progression (P = 0.045). EGFR alterations explained half (16/33) of slowly progressing cases (median OS 953 days). All associations in FFPE biopsy material were statistically insignificant. *Corresponding author: Neeme Tõnisson, Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia Check for updates ISSN: 2643-4563 DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710033 Tamm et al. Int J Oncol Res 2022, 5:033 • Page 2 of 13 • Introduction The usefulness of the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood (“liquid biopsy”) for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment selection has been firmly established [1-4]. Liquid biopsy is an attractive alternative to more-invasive interventional solid-tissue biopsy for the guidance of therapeutic management based on somatic cancer variants [
{"title":"Prognostic Utility of Targeted Circulating Cell-Free DNA versus Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded DNA Mutation Analysis for Advanced Lung Cancer","authors":"Tamm Madli, Kals Mart, Annilo Tarmo, Oselin Kersti, Keerma Katrin, Kivistik Paula Ann, Nurm Miriam, Saare Margot, Jaal Jana, Tõnisson Neeme","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer burden is a globally growing problem. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment decrease patients’ death rate, pain, and treatment expenses. Liquid biopsy can be used for early cancer detection, treatment selection, and progression and treatment response monitoring. We evaluated the performance of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue DNA analyses using a commonly employed targeted therapeutic pathway in predicting the outcomes of patients with lung cancer, a common cancer with a generally poor prognosis. Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer (n = 106) and predominantly adenocarcinoma histology donated blood samples at baseline and progression (n = 22), with matched archival FFPE biopsy samples being available for 75 patients. We set up a targeted 21-amplicon sequencing workflow for the analysis of mutations in nine genes (ALK, AKT1, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, MET, NRAS, and PIK3CA). Molecular characteristics such as cfDNA concentration, number of mutations, and mutation occurrence in specific genes, were analyzed in respect of clinical outcome. To identify factors associated with overall survival (OS), a multivariate analysis was performed, using the technique of Cox regression. Results: The median age of the study population was 67 years with 53.8% male patients. The patients had primarily adenocarcinoma (79.2%) and stage IV disease (83%). The median OS was 327 (95% CI 275–514) days. Higher cfDNA concentrations were associated with poorer OS (HR = 1.670, 95% CI 1.108–2.516, P = 0.014). Detectable mutations [variant allele frequency (VAF) > 0.8%] were found in 63 (59%) patients’ baseline samples (median VAF = 1.1%). OS was significantly improved among patients with at least one mutation detected in cfDNA than among those with no mutation (HR = 0.477, 95% CI 0.313–0.727, P = 0.0006). In baseline cfDNA, patients with mutations of VAFs < 5% had significantly better OS compared to patients with mutations of VAFs ≥ 5% (HR = 3.510, 95% CI 1.672–7.370, P = 0.0009). Patients with slowly progressing disease had significantly more cfDNA mutations than did those with rapid cancer progression (P = 0.045). EGFR alterations explained half (16/33) of slowly progressing cases (median OS 953 days). All associations in FFPE biopsy material were statistically insignificant. *Corresponding author: Neeme Tõnisson, Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu 51010, Estonia Check for updates ISSN: 2643-4563 DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710033 Tamm et al. Int J Oncol Res 2022, 5:033 • Page 2 of 13 • Introduction The usefulness of the analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood (“liquid biopsy”) for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment selection has been firmly established [1-4]. Liquid biopsy is an attractive alternative to more-invasive interventional solid-tissue biopsy for the guidance of therapeutic management based on somatic cancer variants [","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41808709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710039
Torre-Bustamante María Mercedes de la, Casabon-Pastrana Juan Felipe, Largo-Cordoba Diego Alejandro, Gomajoa-Guerrero Diego Armando, Ortega-Sierra Michael Gregorio
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710041
Buitrago Sandra M, C. Carolina Morante, H. Laura, Méndez Martha C
{"title":"Vulvar Biopsy as a Key for the Diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Multifocal Involvement: Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Buitrago Sandra M, C. Carolina Morante, H. Laura, Méndez Martha C","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45906469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710038
Vu Minh Phuong, Le Thanh Vui, Kieu Van Oanh
Background/Purpose: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma and is associated with a long survival time. However, there are patients who had an early progression after standard therapy. Our aim was to analyze the prognostic value of Ki67, CD10 and MUM1 expression in FL. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for Ki67, CD10 and MUM1 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy tissues from 27 patients with FL. Patients were grouped according to the levels of the Ki67 proliferation index (PI). Survival times were analyzed and the cut-off value for Ki67 PI was determined. The patients were also divided into groups according to the presence of CD10, MUM1and MUM1 positive/CD10 negative. Results: Ki-67 PI levels were as follows: ≤ 20% in 14 patients, 21-40% in 6 patients, 41-60% in 4 patients, > 60% in 3 patients. A cut-off value of 60% revealed significantly different survival rates. OS, PFS in the Ki67 > 60% group decreased significantly for 5 years, and the difference was statistically significant (37.5% vs. 100%, p = 0.000; 0% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.016; respectively). The CD10 negative group had a less favorable outcome than the positive group in the OS rate at 5 years (72% vs. 100%, p = 0.049) and the PFS rate at 5 years (25.3% vs. 72.6%, p = 0.017). OS and PFS in the group with MUM1 positive/CD10 negative decreased significantly for 5 years than in the group without MUM1 positive/CD10 negative (4.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.002; 0% vs. 66.4%, p = 0.006; respectively). Conclusion: Ki67 > 60%, CD10 negative, MUM1 positive/ CD10 negative are poor prognostic factors in FL.
背景/目的:滤泡性淋巴瘤(滤泡性淋巴瘤)是一种无痛性淋巴瘤，其生存期较长。然而，也有患者在标准治疗后出现早期进展。方法:对27例FL患者进行福尔马林固定石蜡包埋活检组织进行Ki67、CD10和MUM1的免疫组化染色，并根据Ki67增殖指数(PI)水平对患者进行分组。分析存活时间，确定Ki67 PI的临界值。根据CD10、MUM1和MUM1阳性/CD10阴性情况将患者分为两组。结果:Ki-67 PI水平:≤20% 14例，21 ~ 40% 6例，41 ~ 60% 4例，bb0 ~ 60% 3例。60%的临界值显示了显著不同的存活率。Ki67 > 60%组OS、PFS连续5年显著下降，差异有统计学意义(37.5% vs. 100%， p = 0.000;0% vs. 66.7%， p = 0.016;分别)。CD10阴性组的5年OS率(72%比100%，p = 0.049)和5年PFS率(25.3%比72.6%，p = 0.017)均不及阳性组。5年期间，MUM1阳性/CD10阴性组的OS和PFS显著低于无MUM1阳性/CD10阴性组(4.7% vs. 100%， p = 0.002;0% vs. 66.4%， p = 0.006;分别)。结论:ki67bbb60 %、CD10阴性、MUM1阳性/ CD10阴性是FL的不良预后因素。
{"title":"Prognostic Value of the Ki67 Proliferation Index, CD10 and MUM1 in Follicular Lymphoma","authors":"Vu Minh Phuong, Le Thanh Vui, Kieu Van Oanh","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710038","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma and is associated with a long survival time. However, there are patients who had an early progression after standard therapy. Our aim was to analyze the prognostic value of Ki67, CD10 and MUM1 expression in FL. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for Ki67, CD10 and MUM1 was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy tissues from 27 patients with FL. Patients were grouped according to the levels of the Ki67 proliferation index (PI). Survival times were analyzed and the cut-off value for Ki67 PI was determined. The patients were also divided into groups according to the presence of CD10, MUM1and MUM1 positive/CD10 negative. Results: Ki-67 PI levels were as follows: ≤ 20% in 14 patients, 21-40% in 6 patients, 41-60% in 4 patients, > 60% in 3 patients. A cut-off value of 60% revealed significantly different survival rates. OS, PFS in the Ki67 > 60% group decreased significantly for 5 years, and the difference was statistically significant (37.5% vs. 100%, p = 0.000; 0% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.016; respectively). The CD10 negative group had a less favorable outcome than the positive group in the OS rate at 5 years (72% vs. 100%, p = 0.049) and the PFS rate at 5 years (25.3% vs. 72.6%, p = 0.017). OS and PFS in the group with MUM1 positive/CD10 negative decreased significantly for 5 years than in the group without MUM1 positive/CD10 negative (4.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.002; 0% vs. 66.4%, p = 0.006; respectively). Conclusion: Ki67 > 60%, CD10 negative, MUM1 positive/ CD10 negative are poor prognostic factors in FL.","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710035
Varişoğlu Yeliz, Vural Pınar IRMAK
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between awareness of healthy lifestyle and breast cancer perception among women of reproductive age. Methods: This descriptive co relational study was conducted on 642 women. Data were collected using the socio-demographic data form, the Healthy Lifestyle Awareness Scale (HLAS), and the Breast Cancer Perception Scale (BCPS). A moderate, significant, and positive correlation was found between the HLAS total score and the scores obtained from the BCPS sub-dimensions of perceived knowledge and perceived treatment belief. Results: The regression analysis on the relationship between the scores of HLAS’s change sub-dimension and BCPS sub-dimensions showed that as the scores of perceived knowledge and perceived treatment belief sub-dimensions increased, the change scores increased significantly. The explanatory value of these findings was 27.1%. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that women with advantages of high educational and economic levels, an income-generating job, and working in urban areas have higher perceived knowledge and treatment belief levels and low levels of fear with regard to breast cancer.
{"title":"Relationship between Awareness of Healthy Lifestyle and Perception of Breast Cancer among Women of Reproductive Age","authors":"Varişoğlu Yeliz, Vural Pınar IRMAK","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710035","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between awareness of healthy lifestyle and breast cancer perception among women of reproductive age. Methods: This descriptive co relational study was conducted on 642 women. Data were collected using the socio-demographic data form, the Healthy Lifestyle Awareness Scale (HLAS), and the Breast Cancer Perception Scale (BCPS). A moderate, significant, and positive correlation was found between the HLAS total score and the scores obtained from the BCPS sub-dimensions of perceived knowledge and perceived treatment belief. Results: The regression analysis on the relationship between the scores of HLAS’s change sub-dimension and BCPS sub-dimensions showed that as the scores of perceived knowledge and perceived treatment belief sub-dimensions increased, the change scores increased significantly. The explanatory value of these findings was 27.1%. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that women with advantages of high educational and economic levels, an income-generating job, and working in urban areas have higher perceived knowledge and treatment belief levels and low levels of fear with regard to breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45339701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.23937/2643-4563/1710036
Zaouit Maryam, E. Asma, Oudad Fadwa, Jouhadi Hassan, B. Nadia, Sahraoui Souha, Benider Abdellatif
Introduction: Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is an aggressive disease with significant metastatic potential. It is an extremely rare variation of non-urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, accounting for < 1% [1]. Given its rarity, no therapeutic consensus has been codified to date. We report a retrospective series of five cases and detail their anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of five cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder collected at the Mohammed VI Center, between January 2017 and December 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical study. The median age is 61 years (extremes: 36-73 years), all patients are male. The average delay of consultation is 7 months (extremes: 2-12 months). Chronic smoking was found in three patients. Hematuria was the cardinal sign in 4 cases. Irritative urinary disorders such as pollakiuria and dysuria were noted in two cases. Cystoscopy showed a solid tumor in the majority of cases, located in the bladder trigone in two patients, and in the posterobasal wall in two others. Neuroendocrine carcinoma was pure in four cases and impure; associated with a poorly differentiated carcinoma component in only one case. The diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is retained after an immunohistochemical study. Chromogranin A was expressed in all cases and Synaptophysin in four cases. The extension work-up revealed locally advanced and immediately metastatic cancer in three patients (peritoneum, lung, skin). The performance status index was between 0 and 1. Palliative chemotherapy was recommended in three patients, two of whom refused all treatment. The other two patients received radiotherapy as adjuvant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: The incidence of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the bladder is increasing due to the diagnostic progress by immunohistochemical means available today. They are often diagnosed at a stage that is already locally advanced or metastatic; their evolution is very rapid and their prognosis is poor. At the present time, there is no therapeutic consensus for their management.
{"title":"Bladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: About Five Cases and Review of the Literature","authors":"Zaouit Maryam, E. Asma, Oudad Fadwa, Jouhadi Hassan, B. Nadia, Sahraoui Souha, Benider Abdellatif","doi":"10.23937/2643-4563/1710036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-4563/1710036","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is an aggressive disease with significant metastatic potential. It is an extremely rare variation of non-urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, accounting for < 1% [1]. Given its rarity, no therapeutic consensus has been codified to date. We report a retrospective series of five cases and detail their anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of five cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder collected at the Mohammed VI Center, between January 2017 and December 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical study. The median age is 61 years (extremes: 36-73 years), all patients are male. The average delay of consultation is 7 months (extremes: 2-12 months). Chronic smoking was found in three patients. Hematuria was the cardinal sign in 4 cases. Irritative urinary disorders such as pollakiuria and dysuria were noted in two cases. Cystoscopy showed a solid tumor in the majority of cases, located in the bladder trigone in two patients, and in the posterobasal wall in two others. Neuroendocrine carcinoma was pure in four cases and impure; associated with a poorly differentiated carcinoma component in only one case. The diagnosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is retained after an immunohistochemical study. Chromogranin A was expressed in all cases and Synaptophysin in four cases. The extension work-up revealed locally advanced and immediately metastatic cancer in three patients (peritoneum, lung, skin). The performance status index was between 0 and 1. Palliative chemotherapy was recommended in three patients, two of whom refused all treatment. The other two patients received radiotherapy as adjuvant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: The incidence of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the bladder is increasing due to the diagnostic progress by immunohistochemical means available today. They are often diagnosed at a stage that is already locally advanced or metastatic; their evolution is very rapid and their prognosis is poor. At the present time, there is no therapeutic consensus for their management.","PeriodicalId":93572,"journal":{"name":"International journal of oncology research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45448371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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