The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly destructive polyphagous pest that primarily damages maize. Maize is considered a most versatile crop for growing intercrops due to the wide row it needs. Maize-pea intercropping is preferred by small and marginal farmers worldwide due to various advantages including higher yield and improved economic benefits. However, the success of this intercropping system may be hampered if pea could sustain the FAW population. Thus, to clarify the fitness and potential effect of S. frugiperda on pea, we analysed the survival and development of S. frugiperda fed on pea leaves in the laboratory and constructed age-stage and two-sex life tables. Results showed that FAW successfully completed its life cycle when fed on pea and produced fertile offspring. The pre-adult duration was significantly higher on pea than maize. The net reproductive rate, intrinsic and finite rate of population increase on pea (135.06 offspring per individual, 0.12 offspring per individual per day and 1.13 times per day) were all significantly different from those on maize (417.64 offspring per individual, 0.19 offspring per individual per day and 1.21 times per day). The probability of survival of S. frugiperda at each stage was lower when fed on pea leaves than that of maize-fed larvae. Due to the overlapping growth periods of the maize and pea, S. frugiperda can easily proliferate throughout the year by shifting between adjacent crops. Thus, this study revealed the adaptability of S. frugiperda for pea and provides the foundation for further assessment of FAW risk to other inter-crops.
{"title":"Demographic analysis and biotic potential of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on pea.","authors":"Shubham Sharma, Prem Lal Sharma, Prajjval Sharma, Subhash Chander Verma, Nidhi Sharma, Priyanka Sharma","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fall armyworm (FAW), <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly destructive polyphagous pest that primarily damages maize. Maize is considered a most versatile crop for growing intercrops due to the wide row it needs. Maize-pea intercropping is preferred by small and marginal farmers worldwide due to various advantages including higher yield and improved economic benefits. However, the success of this intercropping system may be hampered if pea could sustain the FAW population. Thus, to clarify the fitness and potential effect of <i>S. frugiperda</i> on pea, we analysed the survival and development of <i>S. frugiperda</i> fed on pea leaves in the laboratory and constructed age-stage and two-sex life tables. Results showed that FAW successfully completed its life cycle when fed on pea and produced fertile offspring. The pre-adult duration was significantly higher on pea than maize. The net reproductive rate, intrinsic and finite rate of population increase on pea (135.06 offspring per individual, 0.12 offspring per individual per day and 1.13 times per day) were all significantly different from those on maize (417.64 offspring per individual, 0.19 offspring per individual per day and 1.21 times per day). The probability of survival of <i>S. frugiperda</i> at each stage was lower when fed on pea leaves than that of maize-fed larvae. Due to the overlapping growth periods of the maize and pea, <i>S. frugiperda</i> can easily proliferate throughout the year by shifting between adjacent crops. Thus, this study revealed the adaptability of <i>S. frugiperda</i> for pea and provides the foundation for further assessment of FAW risk to other inter-crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000324
Guang-Yun Li, Wendy Lam, Zhi-Qiang Zhang
The social-sexual environment is well known for its influence on the survival of organisms by modulating their reproductive output. However, whether it affects survival indirectly through a variety of cues without physical contact and its influence relative to direct interaction remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated both the indirect and direct influences of the social-sexual environment on the survival and reproduction of the mite Tyrophagus curvipenis (Acari: Acaridae). The results demonstrated no apparent influence of conspecific cues on the survival of mites, but the survival and reproduction of mated female mites significantly changed, with the females mated with males having a significantly shortened lifespan and increased lifetime fecundity. For males, no significant difference was observed across treatments in their survival and lifespan. These findings indicate that direct interaction with the opposite sex has a much more profound influence on mites than indirect interaction and highlight the urgent need to expand research on how conspecific cues modulate the performance of organisms with more species to clarify their impacts across taxa.
{"title":"The indirect influence of potential mates on survival and reproduction of <i>Tyrophagus curvipenis</i> (Acari: Acaridae).","authors":"Guang-Yun Li, Wendy Lam, Zhi-Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The social-sexual environment is well known for its influence on the survival of organisms by modulating their reproductive output. However, whether it affects survival indirectly through a variety of cues without physical contact and its influence relative to direct interaction remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated both the indirect and direct influences of the social-sexual environment on the survival and reproduction of the mite <i>Tyrophagus curvipenis</i> (Acari: Acaridae). The results demonstrated no apparent influence of conspecific cues on the survival of mites, but the survival and reproduction of mated female mites significantly changed, with the females mated with males having a significantly shortened lifespan and increased lifetime fecundity. For males, no significant difference was observed across treatments in their survival and lifespan. These findings indicate that direct interaction with the opposite sex has a much more profound influence on mites than indirect interaction and highlight the urgent need to expand research on how conspecific cues modulate the performance of organisms with more species to clarify their impacts across taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000294
Seth Kwaku Tsatsu, Guy F Sutton, Leani Serfontein, Pia Addison, Marc De Meyer, Massimiliano Virgilio, Aruna Manrakhan
Two fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species of economic importance: Ceratitis rosa Karsch and Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio are present in South Africa. The two species were considered as one species prior to 2016, but were subsequently separated. In this study, the distribution and abundance of the two species were quantified in seven provinces in South Africa through trapping with Enriched Ginger Oil as an attractant. Trapping was conducted over three seasons across two years (2020 and 2021): late summer, autumn-winter, and spring-early summer. Host ranges of the two species were investigated by fruit sampling in and outside of trapping sites. Ceratitis quilicii was more widely distributed than C. rosa with the latter being recorded in only three north-eastern provinces. There were geographical limits for both species with no records of them in Northern Cape Province. Catches of C. quilicii were higher in summer with average temperatures varying from 15 to 27°C while for C. rosa, catches remained low and consistent between seasons. Ceratitis quilicii catches decreased at lower rates than those of C. rosa at temperatures below 15°C. The two species were reared from 13 plant species from nine families. Four of these hosts were infested by both C. quilicii and C. rosa in the same province where they occurred. Preferred hosts of the two species belonged to the Myrtaceae family. The characterisation of the distribution, abundance and host ranges of these pests will provide a baseline for pest status determination and implementation of management actions.
南非有两种具有重要经济价值的果蝇(双翅目:Tephritidae):Ceratitis rosa Karsch 和 Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio 存在于南非。这两个物种在 2016 年之前被视为一个物种,但后来被分开了。在本研究中,通过使用富姜油作为引诱剂进行诱捕,对这两个物种在南非七个省份的分布和数量进行了量化。诱捕在两个年度(2020 年和 2021 年)的三个季节进行:夏末、秋冬和春夏之交。通过在诱捕地点内外采集果实样本,调查了这两个物种的寄主范围。Ceratitis quilicii 的分布范围比 C. rosa 更广,后者仅在东北三省有记录。这两个物种都有地理限制,在北开普省没有记录。夏季平均气温在 15 至 27°C 之间,C. quilicii 的捕获量较高,而 C. rosa 的捕获量较低,且季节间保持一致。在温度低于 15°C 时,Ceratitis quilicii 的捕获量下降率低于 C. rosa。这两种昆虫是用 9 个科 13 种植物饲养的。其中有 4 种寄主同时受到 C. quilicii 和 C. rosa 的侵染。这两个物种的首选寄主属于桃金娘科。对这些害虫的分布、数量和寄主范围的描述将为确定害虫状况和实施管理行动提供基准。
{"title":"Distribution and host ranges of <i>Ceratitis rosa</i> and <i>Ceratitis quilicii</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa.","authors":"Seth Kwaku Tsatsu, Guy F Sutton, Leani Serfontein, Pia Addison, Marc De Meyer, Massimiliano Virgilio, Aruna Manrakhan","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species of economic importance: <i>Ceratitis rosa</i> Karsch and <i>Ceratitis quilicii</i> De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio are present in South Africa. The two species were considered as one species prior to 2016, but were subsequently separated. In this study, the distribution and abundance of the two species were quantified in seven provinces in South Africa through trapping with Enriched Ginger Oil as an attractant. Trapping was conducted over three seasons across two years (2020 and 2021): late summer, autumn-winter, and spring-early summer. Host ranges of the two species were investigated by fruit sampling in and outside of trapping sites. <i>Ceratitis quilicii</i> was more widely distributed than <i>C. rosa</i> with the latter being recorded in only three north-eastern provinces. There were geographical limits for both species with no records of them in Northern Cape Province. Catches of <i>C. quilicii</i> were higher in summer with average temperatures varying from 15 to 27°C while for <i>C. rosa</i>, catches remained low and consistent between seasons. <i>Ceratitis quilicii</i> catches decreased at lower rates than those of <i>C. rosa</i> at temperatures below 15°C. The two species were reared from 13 plant species from nine families. Four of these hosts were infested by both <i>C. quilicii</i> and <i>C. rosa</i> in the same province where they occurred. Preferred hosts of the two species belonged to the Myrtaceae family. The characterisation of the distribution, abundance and host ranges of these pests will provide a baseline for pest status determination and implementation of management actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141179104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000191
Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal, Marcos López-de-Felipe, Ignacio Gil-Torró, Isaac García-Masiá, Pilar Mateo-Herrero, Rubén Bueno-Marí
Since its introduction in Spain in 2004, Aedes albopictus has rapidly spread across the country. Its aggressive biting behaviour causes nuisance, limiting outdoor activities. Also, its role as a vector of several arboviruses implies a major public health risk, with several cases of autochthonous dengue having been reported nationwide over the past few years. Control strategies usually focus on interventions in breeding sites. As such, accurate knowledge of the main larval habitats becomes a major priority in infested areas. A detailed identification of breeding sites of Ae. albopictus was carried out in the outdoors of 60 residential properties during July-August 2022 in El Vedat de Torrent (Valencia, Eastern Spain), an area recently colonised by this species. A total of 1444 real and potential breeding sites were examined. The most abundant potential larval habitat were plant pot plates (6.48 units/house), although a low infestation level was found, both for larvae (2.06% positivity, x̄ = 30.5 larvae/container), and pupae (0.51%, x̄ = 2.5 pupae/container). A total of 7715 larvae and 205 pupae were found in a disused flooded water pool depuration system. Animal drinkers, buckets and irrigation water containers were found to be the most common positive containers. No statistical difference was observed among the different container materials. A general statistical increase of 1 larva per 11.7 ml of water in breeding sites was detected. Breeding sites of other species such as Culex pipiens (n = 2) and Culex modestus (n = 1) were also rarely found in this residential area. To our knowledge, this is the first aedic index study carried out in Europe, and it provides valuable information about the main domestic breeding habitats of Ae. albopictus, which can greatly improve control programmes.
{"title":"Where does <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) really breed in a Mediterranean residential area? Results from a field study in Valencia, Eastern Spain.","authors":"Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal, Marcos López-de-Felipe, Ignacio Gil-Torró, Isaac García-Masiá, Pilar Mateo-Herrero, Rubén Bueno-Marí","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its introduction in Spain in 2004, <i>Aedes albopictus</i> has rapidly spread across the country. Its aggressive biting behaviour causes nuisance, limiting outdoor activities. Also, its role as a vector of several arboviruses implies a major public health risk, with several cases of autochthonous dengue having been reported nationwide over the past few years. Control strategies usually focus on interventions in breeding sites. As such, accurate knowledge of the main larval habitats becomes a major priority in infested areas. A detailed identification of breeding sites of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> was carried out in the outdoors of 60 residential properties during July-August 2022 in El Vedat de Torrent (Valencia, Eastern Spain), an area recently colonised by this species. A total of 1444 real and potential breeding sites were examined. The most abundant potential larval habitat were plant pot plates (6.48 units/house), although a low infestation level was found, both for larvae (2.06% positivity, x̄ = 30.5 larvae/container), and pupae (0.51%, x̄ = 2.5 pupae/container). A total of 7715 larvae and 205 pupae were found in a disused flooded water pool depuration system. Animal drinkers, buckets and irrigation water containers were found to be the most common positive containers. No statistical difference was observed among the different container materials. A general statistical increase of 1 larva per 11.7 ml of water in breeding sites was detected. Breeding sites of other species such as <i>Culex pipiens</i> (<i>n</i> = 2) and <i>Culex modestus</i> (<i>n</i> = 1) were also rarely found in this residential area. To our knowledge, this is the first aedic index study carried out in Europe, and it provides valuable information about the main domestic breeding habitats of <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, which can greatly improve control programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dengue fever is a viral disease caused by one of four dengue stereotypes (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) that are primarily transmitted by Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (L.). To safeguard public health, it is crucial to conduct surveys that examine the factors favouring the presence of these species. Our study surveyed 42 councils across four towns within the Bhakkar district of Punjab Province, by inspecting man-made or natural habitats containing standing water. First, door-to-door surveillance teams from the district health department were assigned to each council to surveillance Aedes species and dengue cases. Second, data collection through surveillance efforts, and validation procedures were implemented, and the verified data was uploaded onto the Dengue Tracking System by Third Party Validation teams. Third, data were analysed to identify factors influencing dengue fever cases. The findings demonstrated the following: (1) Predominantly, instances were discerned among individuals who had a documented history of having travelled beyond the confines of the province. (2) Containers associated with evaporative air coolers and tyre shops were responsible for approximately 30% of the Aedes developmental sites. (4) Variability in temperature was responsible for approximately 45% of the observed differences in the quantity of recorded Aedes mosquito developmental sites. (5) Implementation of dengue prevention initiatives precipitated a 50% reduction in Aedes-positive containers, alongside a notable 70% decline in reported cases of dengue fever during the period spanning 2019 to 2020, while the majority of reported cases were of external origin. Aedes control measures substantially curtailed mosquito populations and lowered vector-virus interactions. Notably, local dengue transmission was eliminated through advanced and effective Aedes control efforts, emphasising the need for persistent surveillance and eradication of larval habitats in affected regions.
{"title":"Mitigating dengue incidence through advanced <i>Aedes</i> larval surveillance and control: A successful experience from Pakistan.","authors":"Sohail Abbas, Muneer Abbas, Aleena Alam, Niaz Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Mudassar Khaliq, Xiao Han, Faisal Hafeez, Donato Romano, Ri Zhao Chen","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue fever is a viral disease caused by one of four dengue stereotypes (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) that are primarily transmitted by <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse) and <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (L.). To safeguard public health, it is crucial to conduct surveys that examine the factors favouring the presence of these species. Our study surveyed 42 councils across four towns within the Bhakkar district of Punjab Province, by inspecting man-made or natural habitats containing standing water. First, door-to-door surveillance teams from the district health department were assigned to each council to surveillance <i>Aedes</i> species and dengue cases. Second, data collection through surveillance efforts, and validation procedures were implemented, and the verified data was uploaded onto the Dengue Tracking System by Third Party Validation teams. Third, data were analysed to identify factors influencing dengue fever cases. The findings demonstrated the following: (1) Predominantly, instances were discerned among individuals who had a documented history of having travelled beyond the confines of the province. (2) Containers associated with evaporative air coolers and tyre shops were responsible for approximately 30% of the <i>Aedes</i> developmental sites. (4) Variability in temperature was responsible for approximately 45% of the observed differences in the quantity of recorded <i>Aedes</i> mosquito developmental sites. (5) Implementation of dengue prevention initiatives precipitated a 50% reduction in <i>Aedes</i>-positive containers, alongside a notable 70% decline in reported cases of dengue fever during the period spanning 2019 to 2020, while the majority of reported cases were of external origin. <i>Aedes</i> control measures substantially curtailed mosquito populations and lowered vector-virus interactions. Notably, local dengue transmission was eliminated through advanced and effective <i>Aedes</i> control efforts, emphasising the need for persistent surveillance and eradication of larval habitats in affected regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) and the little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) are among the top 100 invasive alien species globally, causing significant ecological and economic harm. Therefore, it is crucial to study their potential geographic distribution worldwide. This study aimed to predict their global distribution under current and future climate conditions. We used distribution data from various sources, including CABI, GBIF, and PIAKey, and key climate variables selected from 19 environmental factors to model their potential geographic distribution using MaxEnt. The AUC values were 0.925 and 0.937 for L. humile and W. auropunctata, respectively, indicating good predictive performance. Suitable areas for L. humile were mainly in southern North America, northern South America, Europe, central Asia, southern Oceania, and parts of Africa, while W. auropunctata suitable areas were mostly in southern North America, most of South America, a small part of Europe, southern Asia, central Africa, and some parts of Oceania. Under climate change scenario, suitable areas for L. humile increased, while highly suitable areas for W. auropunctata decreased. The top four countries with the largest areas of overlapping suitable habitat under current climate were Brazil, China, Australia, and Argentina, while under future SSP585 climate scenario, the top four countries were Brazil, China, Indonesia, and Argentina. Some countries, such as Estonia and Finland, will see an overlapping adaptation area under climate change. In conclusion, this study provides insight into controlling the spread and harm of L. humile and W. auropunctata.
阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile)和小火蚁(Wasmannia auropunctata)是全球 100 大外来入侵物种之一,对生态和经济造成了重大危害。因此,研究它们在全球的潜在地理分布至关重要。本研究旨在预测其在当前和未来气候条件下的全球分布。我们使用了来自CABI、GBIF和PIAKey等不同来源的分布数据,并从19个环境因子中选取了关键气候变量,利用MaxEnt建立了其潜在地理分布模型。对L. humile和W. auropunctata的AUC值分别为0.925和0.937,表明预测性能良好。L.humile的适宜区主要分布在北美洲南部、南美洲北部、欧洲、亚洲中部、大洋洲南部和非洲部分地区,而W. auropunctata的适宜区主要分布在北美洲南部、南美洲大部分地区、欧洲小部分地区、亚洲南部、非洲中部和大洋洲部分地区。在气候变化情景下,L. humile 的适宜区增加,而 W. auropunctata 的高度适宜区减少。在当前气候下,适宜栖息地重叠面积最大的前四个国家分别是巴西、中国、澳大利亚和阿根廷,而在未来 SSP585 气候情景下,前四个国家分别是巴西、中国、印度尼西亚和阿根廷。一些国家,如爱沙尼亚和芬兰,将在气候变化下出现适应区域重叠。总之,本研究为控制 L. humile 和 W. auropunctata 的传播和危害提供了见解。
{"title":"Considering climate change impact on the global potential geographical distribution of the invasive Argentine ant and little fire ant.","authors":"Tong Li, Pei Jiang, Jingyuan Liu, Jingquan Zhu, Shouqi Zhao, Zhihong Li, Mina Zhong, Chen Ma, Yujia Qin","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Argentine ant (<i>Linepithema humile</i>) and the little fire ant (<i>Wasmannia auropunctata</i>) are among the top 100 invasive alien species globally, causing significant ecological and economic harm. Therefore, it is crucial to study their potential geographic distribution worldwide. This study aimed to predict their global distribution under current and future climate conditions. We used distribution data from various sources, including CABI, GBIF, and PIAKey, and key climate variables selected from 19 environmental factors to model their potential geographic distribution using MaxEnt. The AUC values were 0.925 and 0.937 for <i>L. humile</i> and <i>W. auropunctata</i>, respectively, indicating good predictive performance. Suitable areas for <i>L. humile</i> were mainly in southern North America, northern South America, Europe, central Asia, southern Oceania, and parts of Africa, while <i>W. auropunctata</i> suitable areas were mostly in southern North America, most of South America, a small part of Europe, southern Asia, central Africa, and some parts of Oceania. Under climate change scenario, suitable areas for <i>L. humile</i> increased, while highly suitable areas for <i>W. auropunctata</i> decreased. The top four countries with the largest areas of overlapping suitable habitat under current climate were Brazil, China, Australia, and Argentina, while under future SSP585 climate scenario, the top four countries were Brazil, China, Indonesia, and Argentina. Some countries, such as Estonia and Finland, will see an overlapping adaptation area under climate change. In conclusion, this study provides insight into controlling the spread and harm of <i>L. humile</i> and <i>W. auropunctata</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000233
Langlang Zheng, Shengchang Lai, Yang Zhou, Nan Jiang, Dejun Hao, Lulu Dai
Euwallacea interjectus, a recently discovered pest in poplar plantations, poses a significant economic threat due to its role in causing widespread tree mortality. This pest's cryptic behaviour has hindered research and control efforts, making laboratory rearing a valuable tool for studying its development and biology. We investigated the development period and biological characteristics of E. interjectus using artificial diets and fungal medium. Our findings revealed that the development time for eggs, larvae, and pupae averages approximately 6, 18, and 6 days, respectively. Notably, first and second instar larvae displayed peak moulting periods at 3.45 ± 0.64 SD and 7.92 ± 1.77 SD days, respectively. Furthermore, we measured head capsule widths of postmolt larvae, yielding values of 318.02 ± 7.38 SD μm for first-instar larvae, 403.01 ± 11.08 SD μm for second-instar larvae, and 549.54 ± 20.74 SD μm for third-instar larvae. Our research also uncovered a positive correlation between the number of progeny (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) and the mean length of the gallery system. Interestingly, the haplodiploid reproductive strategy did not significantly affect the number of offspring produced by the foundress. Additionally, we observed that foundresses displayed higher fecundity when subjected to nutrient-rich diets as compared to nutrient-poor diets. Our results will deepen our understanding of the biology of E. interjectus and provide criteria for larval instar classification. Additionally, managing nutrient availability within the colony could be considered a viable approach to regulating population size.
{"title":"Biology of <i>Euwallacea interjectus</i>, an emerging poplar pest, reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet and medium of fungal symbiont.","authors":"Langlang Zheng, Shengchang Lai, Yang Zhou, Nan Jiang, Dejun Hao, Lulu Dai","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Euwallacea interjectus,</i> a recently discovered pest in poplar plantations, poses a significant economic threat due to its role in causing widespread tree mortality. This pest's cryptic behaviour has hindered research and control efforts, making laboratory rearing a valuable tool for studying its development and biology. We investigated the development period and biological characteristics of <i>E. interjectus</i> using artificial diets and fungal medium. Our findings revealed that the development time for eggs, larvae, and pupae averages approximately 6, 18, and 6 days, respectively. Notably, first and second instar larvae displayed peak moulting periods at 3.45 ± 0.64 SD and 7.92 ± 1.77 SD days, respectively. Furthermore, we measured head capsule widths of postmolt larvae, yielding values of 318.02 ± 7.38 SD <i>μ</i>m for first-instar larvae, 403.01 ± 11.08 SD <i>μ</i>m for second-instar larvae, and 549.54 ± 20.74 SD <i>μ</i>m for third-instar larvae. Our research also uncovered a positive correlation between the number of progeny (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) and the mean length of the gallery system. Interestingly, the haplodiploid reproductive strategy did not significantly affect the number of offspring produced by the foundress. Additionally, we observed that foundresses displayed higher fecundity when subjected to nutrient-rich diets as compared to nutrient-poor diets. Our results will deepen our understanding of the biology of <i>E. interjectus</i> and provide criteria for larval instar classification. Additionally, managing nutrient availability within the colony could be considered a viable approach to regulating population size.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000257
Jelisaveta Čkrkić, Andjeljko Petrović, Korana Kocić, Ana Mitrovski-Bogdanović, Željko Tomanović
Aphidius colemani is an important biological control agent, used in greenhouses and open fields against aphid pests. Despite this economical importance, A. colemani, along with A. transcaspicus and A. platensis, has gone through a complex taxonomical history. The three species have only recently gained status as separate species again, comprising the morphologically defined Aphidius colemani species group. Other than sporadic records probably as a consequence of escape from greenhouses, the A. colemani species group members prefer warmer regions and there are numerous records from South America, Southern Europe and Asia. Based on slide-mounted material collected in the period 1964-2001 in Africa, we describe five new species belonging to this group, and report A. colemani, A. transcaspicus and A. platensis from several African countries. This data opens questions about the origin of the group and presents potential for the diversification of biological control agents against aphid pests.
Aphidius colemani 是一种重要的生物控制剂,用于温室和露地防治蚜虫害。尽管具有重要的经济价值,但 A. colemani 与 A. transcaspicus 和 A. platensis 经历了复杂的分类历史。这三个物种直到最近才再次获得独立物种的地位,组成了形态学上定义的 Aphidius colemani 物种群。colemani 物种群的成员喜欢温暖的地区,南美、南欧和亚洲都有大量记录。根据 1964-2001 年期间在非洲收集的幻灯片材料,我们描述了属于该物种组的五个新物种,并报告了来自几个非洲国家的 A. colemani、A. transcaspicus 和 A. platensis。这些数据揭示了该类群的起源问题,并为防治蚜虫害的生物防治剂的多样化提供了可能性。
{"title":"It's time for Africa - hidden diversity of the <i>Aphidius colemani</i> species group (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) south of the Sahara.","authors":"Jelisaveta Čkrkić, Andjeljko Petrović, Korana Kocić, Ana Mitrovski-Bogdanović, Željko Tomanović","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aphidius colemani</i> is an important biological control agent, used in greenhouses and open fields against aphid pests. Despite this economical importance, <i>A. colemani</i>, along with <i>A. transcaspicus</i> and <i>A. platensis</i>, has gone through a complex taxonomical history. The three species have only recently gained status as separate species again, comprising the morphologically defined <i>Aphidius colemani</i> species group. Other than sporadic records probably as a consequence of escape from greenhouses, the <i>A. colemani</i> species group members prefer warmer regions and there are numerous records from South America, Southern Europe and Asia. Based on slide-mounted material collected in the period 1964-2001 in Africa, we describe five new species belonging to this group, and report <i>A. colemani, A. transcaspicus</i> and <i>A. platensis</i> from several African countries. This data opens questions about the origin of the group and presents potential for the diversification of biological control agents against aphid pests.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000245
I P Sunish, Addepalli Prem Kumar, Kannan Thiruvengadam, A N Shriram
The Culicidae mosquito family breeds in various natural and artificial water bodies. Phytotelmata are plant structures that hold water and are used by many mosquito species during their life cycle. Mosquitoes are disease vectors, and phytotelmata play an important role in harbouring them. Investigating these phytotelmata will facilitate to develop appropriate site specific vector control strategy. Approximately 750 phytotelmata in 16 locations on Car Nicobar Island was examined. Mosquito larvae were collected from different habitats such as tree holes, root holes, leaf axils, and bamboo stumps. On average, the number of larvae per 10 ml of water ranged from 0.003 to 3.833. Among the 16 mosquito species identified, there were vectors of malaria (Anopheles sundaicus), dengue (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) and filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus), belonging to seven genera. The most common phytotelmata were coconut trees (17.5%) followed by Java apple trees (10.3%) and bamboo stumps (7.1%). The most widespread mosquito species was Aedes edwardsi, followed by Aedes malayensis and Ae. albopictus, and the per cent of phytotelmata that contained these species were 42.6, 22.0, and 16.8% respectively. Anopheles mosquitoes had the highest container index (6.1%) in root holes, while Aedes and Culex mosquitoes were more frequently found in bamboo stumps. The alpha biodiversity indices indicated that the mosquito population in Car Nicobar Island was highly diverse (S = 16; DMg = 36.9). Tree holes showed the highest diversity, as all 16 species were collected from them. Assessment of phytotelmata, there is a significant relationship observed between mosquito genus, village, habitat, and tree families, on the remote island of Car Nicobar. Considering the presence of disease-transmitting mosquito vectors in the phytotelmata, these habitats should be considered when implementing control measures to eliminate mosquito-borne infections.
{"title":"Biodiversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in phytotelmata from Car Nicobar Island, India.","authors":"I P Sunish, Addepalli Prem Kumar, Kannan Thiruvengadam, A N Shriram","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Culicidae mosquito family breeds in various natural and artificial water bodies. Phytotelmata are plant structures that hold water and are used by many mosquito species during their life cycle. Mosquitoes are disease vectors, and phytotelmata play an important role in harbouring them. Investigating these phytotelmata will facilitate to develop appropriate site specific vector control strategy. Approximately 750 phytotelmata in 16 locations on Car Nicobar Island was examined. Mosquito larvae were collected from different habitats such as tree holes, root holes, leaf axils, and bamboo stumps. On average, the number of larvae per 10 ml of water ranged from 0.003 to 3.833. Among the 16 mosquito species identified, there were vectors of malaria (<i>Anopheles sundaicus</i>), dengue (<i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i>) and filariasis (<i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>), belonging to seven genera. The most common phytotelmata were coconut trees (17.5%) followed by Java apple trees (10.3%) and bamboo stumps (7.1%). The most widespread mosquito species was <i>Aedes edwardsi</i>, followed by <i>Aedes malayensis</i> and <i>Ae. albopictus</i>, and the per cent of phytotelmata that contained these species were 42.6, 22.0, and 16.8% respectively. <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes had the highest container index (6.1%) in root holes, while <i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> mosquitoes were more frequently found in bamboo stumps. The alpha biodiversity indices indicated that the mosquito population in Car Nicobar Island was highly diverse (<i>S</i> = 16; DMg = 36.9). Tree holes showed the highest diversity, as all 16 species were collected from them. Assessment of phytotelmata, there is a significant relationship observed between mosquito genus, village, habitat, and tree families, on the remote island of Car Nicobar. Considering the presence of disease-transmitting mosquito vectors in the phytotelmata, these habitats should be considered when implementing control measures to eliminate mosquito-borne infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000282
Li Xu, Hongyu Liu, Bo Li, Guangling Li, Runqiang Liu, Dongzhi Li
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) is an important detoxification enzyme system in phase Ⅰ participating in insecticides resistance. In our previous study, SlCarE054, a CarEs gene from lepidoptera class, was screened out to be upregulated in a pyrethroids and organophosphates resistant population. Its overexpression was verified in two field-collected populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates by qRT-PCR. Spatiotemporal expression results showed that SlCarE054 was highly expressed in the pupae stage and the digestive tissue midgut. To further explore its role in pyrethroids and organophosphates resistance, its metabolism activity to insecticides was determined by UPLC. Its recombinant protein showed significant metabolism activity to cyhalothrin and fenvalerate, but not to phoxim or chlorpyrifos. The metabolic activity of SlCarE054 to β-cypermethrin showed stereoselectivity, with higher metabolic activity to θ-cypermethrin than the enantiomer α-cypermethrin. The metabolite of β-cypermethrin was identified as 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Further modelling and docking analysis indicated that β-cypermethrin, cyhalothrin and fenvalerate could bind with the catalytic triad of the 3D structure of SlCarE054. The interaction of β-cypermethrin with SlCarE054 also showed the lowest binding energy. Our work provides evidence that SlCarE054 play roles in β-cypermethrin resistance in S. litura.
{"title":"SlCarE054 in <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) showed direct metabolic activity to <i>β</i>-cypermethrin with stereoselectivity.","authors":"Li Xu, Hongyu Liu, Bo Li, Guangling Li, Runqiang Liu, Dongzhi Li","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485324000282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carboxylesterases (CarEs) is an important detoxification enzyme system in phase Ⅰ participating in insecticides resistance. In our previous study, <i>SlCarE054,</i> a CarEs gene from lepidoptera class, was screened out to be upregulated in a pyrethroids and organophosphates resistant population. Its overexpression was verified in two field-collected populations of <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates by qRT-PCR. Spatiotemporal expression results showed that <i>SlCarE054</i> was highly expressed in the pupae stage and the digestive tissue midgut. To further explore its role in pyrethroids and organophosphates resistance, its metabolism activity to insecticides was determined by UPLC. Its recombinant protein showed significant metabolism activity to cyhalothrin and fenvalerate, but not to phoxim or chlorpyrifos. The metabolic activity of SlCarE054 to <i>β</i>-cypermethrin showed stereoselectivity, with higher metabolic activity to <i>θ</i>-cypermethrin than the enantiomer <i>α</i>-cypermethrin. The metabolite of <i>β</i>-cypermethrin was identified as 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde. Further modelling and docking analysis indicated that <i>β</i>-cypermethrin, cyhalothrin and fenvalerate could bind with the catalytic triad of the 3D structure of SlCarE054. The interaction of <i>β</i>-cypermethrin with SlCarE054 also showed the lowest binding energy. Our work provides evidence that <i>SlCarE054</i> play roles in <i>β</i>-cypermethrin resistance in <i>S. litura</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140854307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}