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Host influence on life history traits of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann in an arid region of Argentina. 宿主对阿根廷干旱地区角膜炎 Wiedemann 生活史特征的影响。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000506
Claudia Cecilia Rodriguez, Flavia Jofré Barud, María Pía Gómez, Jaled Sayra, María Liza López

The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is a successful generalist due to the trade-off between different variables in its life history traits. The present study aimed to assess some life history traits of C. capitata recovered from peach, plum and fig, three key host species, under the climatic conditions of an irrigation oasis in the arid province of San Juan, Argentina. Pupal abundance, sex ratio and morphometric parameters such as pupal and adult weight, pupal volume, wingspan and head-caudal length were influenced by the host in which the larvae were reared. Sexual maturity, measured as the peak of calling (pheromone emission), was homogeneous on the sixth and seventh days after emergence, but males recovered from fig showed early calling activity on the third day after emergence. The plasticity of C. capitata to adapt its life history traits to specific nutrient variations within the larval environment allows it to colonise and establish populations where key hosts, as those studied here, are available. The knowledge of the interactions between host fruit trees and C. capitata populations provides helpful information for planning the management of local orchards and urban fruit plantations within irrigation oases, taking into consideration the concept of key hosts as peach and fig.

果蝇帽状角蝇(Ceratitis capitata)是一种成功的通性害虫,这得益于其生活史特征中不同变量之间的权衡。本研究旨在评估在阿根廷干旱的圣胡安省灌溉绿洲的气候条件下,从桃、李和无花果这三种主要寄主物种中捕获的帽带果蝇的一些生活史特征。蛹的丰度、性别比和形态参数(如蛹和成虫的重量、蛹的体积、翅展和头尾长)受幼虫饲养的寄主的影响。以叫声(信息素释放)高峰为衡量标准的性成熟在出巢后第六天和第七天是一致的,但从无花果中恢复的雄虫在出巢后第三天就表现出早期的叫声活动。C.capitata具有可塑性,能使其生活史特征适应幼虫环境中的特定营养变化,这使它能在有关键寄主(如本文研究的那些寄主)的地方定殖并建立种群。考虑到桃树和无花果等主要寄主的概念,对寄主果树和帽带蝠种群之间相互作用的了解为规划灌溉绿洲内当地果园和城市水果种植园的管理提供了有用的信息。
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引用次数: 0
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase involved in the lambda-cyhalothrin susceptibility on the green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum - Corrigendum. NADPH-Cytochrome P450 还原酶与绿色镜蝽(Apolygus lucorum)对溴氰菊酯的敏感性有关 - 更正。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000610
Congai Zhen, Rui Wu, Yao Tan, Ansheng Zhang, Lei Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Do more food choices lead to bad decisions? A case study in predaceous ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta. 更多的食物选择会导致错误的决定吗?以食肉瓢虫为例研究。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000555
Lata Verma, Geetanjali Mishra, Omkar

Understanding why animals choose one food over another is one of the key questions underlying the fields of behaviour ecology. This study aims to test if ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) can forage selectively for nutrients in order to redress specific nutritional imbalances to maximise their fitness. We hypothesised that the presence of more food choices leads to bad decisions in terms of their food selection which ultimately negatively affects the mating and reproductive parameters of P. dissecta. To test this, we first manipulated the predator's nutritional status by rearing them in five separate dietary groups from first instar larvae to newly emerged adult stage. Thereafter, we tested their food choice between five different foods, i.e. Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonsclombe, conspecific eggs, heterospecific eggs and mixed pollen grains, equidistantly placed in a Petri dish. Based on the food choice of the newly emerged adults, they were reared on the chosen diet for 10 days. Thereafter, adults were paired with their opposite sex (collected from stock culture reared on A. craccivora) and mating and reproductive parameters were recorded. Our results suggested that the variety of food did not affect the food choice of ladybird beetle, P. dissecta. They tend to choose their natural diet, i.e. aphid in each dietary regime. We found that previous dietary regime, i.e. larval dietary regime, significantly influences the mating and reproductive parameters of both the male and female except for the time to commence mating by the male. Food choices of adult beetles were found to significantly influence the time to commence mating, average fecundity and per cent egg viability in males and only mating duration in females. Our findings suggest that P. dissecta consistently made optimal decisions when facing various food choices. They consistently preferred their natural and preferred food choice over others, indicating a strong food selection behaviour.

理解动物为什么选择一种食物而不是另一种食物是行为生态学领域的关键问题之一。本研究旨在测试瓢虫是否可以选择性地觅食营养物质,以纠正特定的营养失衡,从而最大限度地提高其适应性。我们假设更多食物选择的存在导致它们在食物选择方面做出错误的决定,最终对P.解剖鱼的交配和繁殖参数产生负面影响。为了验证这一点,我们首先通过将它们从一龄幼虫饲养到新出现的成虫阶段分为五个不同的饮食组来控制捕食者的营养状况。之后,我们测试了它们在五种不同食物中的食物选择,即Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonsclombe,同种卵,异种卵和混合花粉粒,等距放置在培养皿中。根据新出的成虫的食物选择,用所选择的食物饲养10天。然后,将成虫与异性配对,记录交配和生殖参数。结果表明,食物种类对瓢虫的食物选择没有影响。他们倾向于选择他们的自然饮食,即在每种饮食方案中选择蚜虫。我们发现,除了雄性开始交配的时间外,之前的饮食制度,即幼虫的饮食制度,对雄性和雌性的交配和生殖参数都有显著影响。研究发现,成年甲虫的食物选择显著影响雄性甲虫的开始交配时间、平均繁殖力和卵存活率,而雌性甲虫仅影响交配持续时间。我们的研究结果表明,在面对各种食物选择时,解剖假鳗总是做出最佳决定。与其他动物相比,它们始终更喜欢自然的、更喜欢的食物选择,这表明它们有强烈的食物选择行为。
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引用次数: 0
Foraging abilities and competitive interactions between two egg parasitoids of bagrada bug in California. 加利福尼亚巴格拉达蝽两种卵类寄生蜂的觅食能力及竞争相互作用。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000531
Evelyne Hougardy, D Valle Rogers, Brian N Hogg

Bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive pest of cole crops in the United States. Because it also feeds on widespread weeds and persists in natural habitats surrounding crop fields, conventional control strategies are often ineffective at providing long-term control. One egg parasitoid, Gryon aetherium Talamas (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is a promising biological control candidate because of its ability to parasitise B. hilaris buried eggs. Recently, adventive populations of G. aetherium were recovered from sentinel eggs in California along with a native egg parasitoid, Ooencyrtus californicus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). A better understanding of these parasitoid species' spatial preference for foraging and their possible competitive interactions will help evaluate their host suppression potential. We compared the foraging abilities of these two parasitoid species for eggs deposited below and above ground. We also investigated the effect of interspecific competition on host suppression and the ability of O. californicus to parasitise eggs previously parasitised by G. aetherium. G. aetherium parasitised naturally and manually buried eggs, whereas O. californicus did not. In another experiment, O. californicus parasitised eggs glued to cards, but not in the presence of sand. Results suggest that G. aetherium may be negatively affected by the presence of O. californicus, and there was a slight but significant reduction in total host mortality when the parasitoids were present together. However, the inability of O. californicus to forage in soil likely limits negative interactions between these two species, and the two parasitoids may ultimately complement each other.

Bagrada hilaris(半翅目:蝽科)是美国油菜作物的一种入侵害虫。由于它还以广泛分布的杂草为食,并在农田周围的自然栖息地持续存在,传统的控制策略往往无法提供长期控制。其中一种卵寄生蜂(膜翅目:寄生蜂科)具有寄生于小蜂埋卵的能力,是一种很有前途的生物防治方法。最近,在加利福尼亚的哨兵卵中发现了外来的蜜蜂,同时还发现了一种原生的卵寄生蜂加州卵通蜂(oencyrtus californicus Girault)。更好地了解这些拟寄生物对觅食的空间偏好及其可能的竞争相互作用,将有助于评估它们对寄主的抑制潜力。我们比较了这两种寄生蜂对地上和地下卵的觅食能力。我们还研究了种间竞争对寄主抑制的影响,以及加州加州夜蛾寄生于先前被乙蚜寄生的卵的能力。乙etherium寄生在自然和人工掩埋的卵上,而加州夜蛾则没有。在另一项实验中,加州锥虫寄生在粘在卡片上的卵上,但没有沙子。结果表明,加州加州锥虫的存在可能会对乙etherium产生负面影响,当这些寄生蜂同时存在时,宿主的总死亡率会有轻微但显著的降低。然而,加州加利福尼亚州光虫无法在土壤中觅食可能限制了这两个物种之间的负面相互作用,两种拟寄生虫最终可能互补。
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引用次数: 0
Transcriptomic analysis of the gonads of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) following infection with Paranosema locustae. 蝗虫感染 Paranosema locustae 后蝗虫性腺的转录组分析。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000592
Xuewei Kong, Xinrui Guo, Jun Lin, Hui Liu, Huihui Zhang, Hongxia Hu, Wangpeng Shi, Rong Ji, Roman Jashenko, Han Wang

Paranosema locustae is an environmentally friendly parasitic predator with promising applications in locust control. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on gonadal tissues of Locusta migratoria males and females infected and uninfected with P. locustae at different developmental stages. A total of 18,635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in female ovary tissue transcriptomes, with the highest number of DEGs observed at 1 day post-eclosion (7141). In male testis tissue transcriptomes, a total of 32,954 DEGs were identified, with the highest number observed at 9 days post-eclosion (11,245). Venn analysis revealed 25 common DEGs among female groups and 205 common DEGs among male groups. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genome analyses indicated that DEGs were mainly enriched in basic metabolism such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and immune response processes. Protein-protein interaction analysis results indicated that L. migratoria regulates the expression of immune- and reproductive-related genes to meet the body's demands in different developmental stages after P. locustae infection. Immune- and reproductive-related genes in L. migratoria gonadal tissue were screened based on database annotation information and relevant literature. Genes such as Tsf, Hex1, Apolp-III, Serpin, Defense, Hsp70, Hsp90, JHBP, JHE, JHEH1, JHAMT, and VgR play important roles in the balance between immune response and reproduction in gonadal tissues. For transcriptome validation, Tsf, Hex1, and ApoLp-III were selected and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation analysis revealed that the qRT-PCR expression patterns were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. These findings contribute to further understanding the interaction mechanisms between locusts and P. locustae.

蝗虫副疟原虫是一种环境友好型寄生捕食者,在蝗虫控制方面具有广阔的应用前景。本研究对感染和未感染蝗蝇寄生虫的雌雄蝗虫在不同发育阶段的性腺组织进行了转录组测序。在雌性卵巢组织转录组中共鉴定出18,635个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中在卵巢破裂后1天观察到的DEGs数量最多(7141个)。在雄性睾丸组织转录组中,共鉴定出 32954 个 DEGs,其中在睾丸凋亡后 9 天观察到的 DEGs 数量最多(11245 个)。维恩分析显示,雌性组中有25个共同的DEGs,雄性组中有205个共同的DEGs。基因本体论和《京都基因和基因组百科全书》分析表明,DEGs主要富集于基础代谢,如氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢和免疫反应过程。蛋白-蛋白相互作用分析结果表明,在蝗虫感染后的不同发育阶段,褐飞虱调控免疫和生殖相关基因的表达,以满足机体的需求。根据数据库注释信息和相关文献,对移虫生殖腺组织中的免疫和生殖相关基因进行了筛选。Tsf、Hex1、Apolp-III、Serpin、Defense、Hsp70、Hsp90、JHBP、JHE、JHEH1、JHAMT和VgR等基因在性腺组织的免疫反应和生殖平衡中发挥着重要作用。为了验证转录组,研究人员选择了Tsf、Hex1和ApoLp-III,并通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)进行了验证。相关分析表明,qRT-PCR表达模式与RNA-Seq结果一致。这些发现有助于进一步了解蝗虫与蝗虫之间的相互作用机制。
{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of the gonads of <i>Locusta migratoria</i> (Orthoptera: Acrididae) following infection with <i>Paranosema locustae</i>.","authors":"Xuewei Kong, Xinrui Guo, Jun Lin, Hui Liu, Huihui Zhang, Hongxia Hu, Wangpeng Shi, Rong Ji, Roman Jashenko, Han Wang","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000592","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Paranosema locustae</i> is an environmentally friendly parasitic predator with promising applications in locust control. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on gonadal tissues of <i>Locusta migratoria</i> males and females infected and uninfected with <i>P. locustae</i> at different developmental stages. A total of 18,635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in female ovary tissue transcriptomes, with the highest number of DEGs observed at 1 day post-eclosion (7141). In male testis tissue transcriptomes, a total of 32,954 DEGs were identified, with the highest number observed at 9 days post-eclosion (11,245). Venn analysis revealed 25 common DEGs among female groups and 205 common DEGs among male groups. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genome analyses indicated that DEGs were mainly enriched in basic metabolism such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and immune response processes. Protein-protein interaction analysis results indicated that <i>L. migratoria</i> regulates the expression of immune- and reproductive-related genes to meet the body's demands in different developmental stages after <i>P. locustae</i> infection. Immune- and reproductive-related genes in <i>L. migratoria</i> gonadal tissue were screened based on database annotation information and relevant literature. Genes such as <i>Tsf</i>, <i>Hex1</i>, <i>Apolp-III</i>, <i>Serpin</i>, <i>Defense</i>, <i>Hsp70</i>, <i>Hsp90</i>, <i>JHBP</i>, <i>JHE</i>, <i>JHEH1</i>, <i>JHAMT</i>, and <i>VgR</i> play important roles in the balance between immune response and reproduction in gonadal tissues. For transcriptome validation, <i>Tsf</i>, <i>Hex1</i>, and <i>ApoLp-III</i> were selected and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation analysis revealed that the qRT-PCR expression patterns were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. These findings contribute to further understanding the interaction mechanisms between locusts and <i>P. locustae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"763-775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of diets from various maize hybrids reveals potential tolerance traits against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) as measured by developmental and digestive performance. 对各种玉米杂交种的日粮进行评估,从发育和消化性能的角度揭示了玉米对鞘翅目旋毛虫(Boisd)的潜在耐受特性。
IF 16.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000403
Shirin Alekaram, Seyed Ali Hemmati, Masumeh Ziaee, Lukasz L Stelinski

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly polyphagous insect that significantly reduces agricultural production of several food staples. We evaluated performance of S. littoralis on several meridic diets based on various maize hybrids, including Oteel, Simon, Valbum, SC703, and SC704. Growth, feeding behaviours, and activity of digestive enzymes of S. littoralis were examined under laboratory conditions. In addition, selected biochemical characteristics of maize hybrid seeds were evaluated, including starch, protein, anthocyanin, as well as phenolic and flavonoid contents, to examine relationships between plant properties and digestive performance of S. littoralis. Performance of S. littoralis on maize hybrids, as measured by nutritional indices, was related to both proteolytic and amylolytic activities quantified using gut extracts. Larval S. littoralis reared on SC703 exhibited the highest efficiency of conversion of digested food, while the lowest was recorded in those fed on the Oteel hybrid. S. littoralis reared on SC703 and Oteel also exhibited the highest and lowest relative growth rates, respectively. The highest levels of proteolytic activity in S. littoralis were measured from larvae reared on the SC703 hybrid, while the lowest levels occurred on the Oteel and Valbum hybrids. Amylolytic activity was lowest in larvae reared on SC703 and Valbum hybrids and highest in larvae reared on the Oteel hybrid. Our results suggest that the SC703 hybrid was the most suitable host for S. littoralis, while the Oteel hybrid demonstrated the greatest level of tolerance against S. littoralis of those evaluated. We discuss the potential utility of maize hybrids exhibiting tolerance traits against this cosmopolitan pest with reference to cultivation of tolerant varieties and identification of specific tolerance traits.

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd)(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)是一种高度多食性昆虫,会显著降低几种主食的农业产量。我们评估了滨海小蜂在几种基于不同玉米杂交种(包括 Oteel、Simon、Valbum、SC703 和 SC704)的美拉德日粮上的表现。在实验室条件下,研究人员考察了滨海鳕的生长、摄食行为和消化酶的活性。此外,还评估了玉米杂交种子的部分生化特性,包括淀粉、蛋白质、花青素以及酚类和类黄酮的含量,以研究植物特性与滨海鼠消化性能之间的关系。通过营养指数衡量的滨海鼠在玉米杂交种上的表现与利用肠道提取物量化的蛋白水解和淀粉水解活性有关。在 SC703 上饲养的滨海鼠幼虫消化食物的转化效率最高,而在 Oteel 杂交种上饲养的滨海鼠幼虫消化食物的转化效率最低。用 SC703 和 Oteel 饲养的滨海金眼鲷的相对生长率也分别最高和最低。用 SC703 杂交种饲养的滨海鲑幼虫的蛋白水解活性最高,而用 Oteel 和 Valbum 杂交种饲养的幼虫的蛋白水解活性最低。在 SC703 和 Valbum 杂交种上饲养的幼虫的淀粉溶解活性最低,而在 Oteel 杂交种上饲养的幼虫的淀粉溶解活性最高。我们的研究结果表明,SC703 杂交种是滨海鼠最合适的寄主,而 Oteel 杂交种对滨海鼠的耐受性在所评估的杂交种中最强。我们讨论了表现出对这种世界性害虫耐受性特征的玉米杂交种的潜在用途,包括耐受性品种的培育和特定耐受性特征的鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
Functional analysis of AgJHAMT gene related to developmental period in Aphis gossypii Glover. Aphis gossypii Glover 中与发育期有关的 AgJHAMT 基因的功能分析。
IF 16.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/S000748532400049X
Lianjun Zhang, Yuan Li, Xinhui Xu, Mengmeng Feng, Rukiya Turak, Xiaoning Liu, Hongsheng Pan

Aphis gossypii is one of the most economically important agricultural pests that cause serious crop losses worldwide, and the indiscriminate chemical application causes resistance development in A. gossypii, a major obstacle to successful control. In this study, we selected the up-regulated expression gene AgJHAMT, which was enriched into juvenile hormone pathway though transcriptome sequencing analysis of the cotton aphids that fed on transgenic cotton lines expressing dsAgCYP6CY3 (the TG cotton). The AgJHAMT gene was overexpressed in cotton aphids which fed on the TG cotton, and its expression profile during the nymphs was clarified. Then, silencing AgJHAMT could advance the developmental period of cotton aphids by 0.5 days compared with control groups. The T and t values of cotton aphids in the dsJHAMT treatment group (6.88 ± 0.15, 1.65 ± 0.06) were significantly shorter than that of the sprayed H2O control group (7.6 ± 0.14, 1.97 ± 0.09) (P < 0.05), respectively. The fast growth caused by AgJHAMT silencing was rescued by applying the JH analogue, methoprene. Overall, these findings clarified the function of AgJHAMT in the developmental period of A. gossypii. This study contributes to further clarify the molecular mechanisms of delaying the growth and development of cotton aphids by the transgenic cotton lines expressing dsAgCYP6CY3.

棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)是最具经济价值的农业害虫之一,在全球范围内造成了严重的作物损失,而滥用化学药剂会导致棉蚜产生抗药性,是成功防治的主要障碍。在本研究中,我们选择了上调表达基因 AgJHAMT,通过对取食表达 dsAgCYP6CY3 的转基因棉花品系(TG 棉花)的棉蚜进行转录组测序分析,发现该基因富集在幼虫激素途径中。AgJHAMT 基因在取食 TG 棉花的棉蚜体内过量表达,其在若虫期的表达谱也得以明确。与对照组相比,沉默 AgJHAMT 可使棉蚜的发育期提前 0.5 天。dsJHAMT处理组棉蚜的T值和t值(6.88 ± 0.15,1.65 ± 0.06)分别明显短于喷洒H2O对照组(7.6 ± 0.14,1.97 ± 0.09)(P < 0.05)。通过使用 JH 类似物甲氧苄啶,AgJHAMT 沉默导致的快速生长得到了挽救。总之,这些发现阐明了 AgJHAMT 在棉铃虫发育期的功能。本研究有助于进一步阐明表达 dsAgCYP6CY3 的转基因棉花品系延缓棉蚜生长发育的分子机制。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in Sclerodermus guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Sclerodermus guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) RT-qPCR 分析参考基因的鉴定和验证。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000427
Rina Zhao, Xiaomeng Guo, Ling Meng, Baoping Li

Gene expression studies in organisms are often conducted using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the accuracy of RT-qPCR results relies on the stability of reference genes. We examined ten candidate reference genes in Sclerodermus guani, a parasitoid wasp that is a natural enemy of long-horned beetle pests in forestry, including ACT, EF1α, Hsc70, Hsp70, SRSF7, α-tubulin, RPL7A, 18S, 28S, and SOD1, regarding variable biotic and abiotic factors such as body part, life stage, hormone, diet, and temperature. Data were analysed using four dedicated algorithms (ΔCt, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm) and one comparative tool (RefFinder). Our results showed that the most stable reference genes were RPL7A and EF1α regarding the body part, SRSF7 and Hsc70 regarding the diet, RPL7A and α-tubulin regarding the hormone, SRSF7 and RPL7A regarding the life stage, and SRSF7 and α-tubulin regarding temperature. To ascertain the applicability of specific reference genes, the expression level of the target gene (ACPase) was estimated regarding the body part using the most stable reference genes, RPL7A and EF1α, and the least stable one, SOD1. The highest expression level of ACPase was observed in the abdomen, and the validity of RPL7A and EF1α was confirmed. This study provides, for the first time, an extensive list of reliable reference genes for molecular biology studies in S. guani.

生物体内的基因表达研究通常使用反转录酶-定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)进行,而 RT-qPCR 结果的准确性取决于参考基因的稳定性。我们研究了林业长角蠹害虫的天敌寄生蜂 Sclerodermus guani 的十个候选参考基因,包括 ACT、EF1α、Hsc70、Hsp70、SRSF7、α-tubulin、RPL7A、18S、28S 和 SOD1,研究涉及身体部位、生命阶段、激素、饮食和温度等可变生物和非生物因素。数据分析采用了四种专用算法(ΔCt、BestKeeper、NormFinder 和 geNorm)和一种比较工具(RefFinder)。结果表明,最稳定的参考基因是与身体部位有关的 RPL7A 和 EF1α、与饮食有关的 SRSF7 和 Hsc70、与激素有关的 RPL7A 和 α-微管蛋白、与生命阶段有关的 SRSF7 和 RPL7A 以及与温度有关的 SRSF7 和 α-微管蛋白。为了确定特定参考基因的适用性,使用最稳定的参考基因 RPL7A 和 EF1α,以及最不稳定的参考基因 SOD1 估算了目标基因(ACPase)在身体部位的表达水平。腹部的 ACPase 表达水平最高,RPL7A 和 EF1α 的有效性也得到了证实。该研究首次为瓜尼蛙的分子生物学研究提供了一份广泛而可靠的参考基因列表。
{"title":"Identification and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in <i>Sclerodermus guani</i> (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae).","authors":"Rina Zhao, Xiaomeng Guo, Ling Meng, Baoping Li","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000427","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene expression studies in organisms are often conducted using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the accuracy of RT-qPCR results relies on the stability of reference genes. We examined ten candidate reference genes in <i>Sclerodermus guani</i>, a parasitoid wasp that is a natural enemy of long-horned beetle pests in forestry, including <i>ACT, EF1α, Hsc70, Hsp70, SRSF7, α-tubulin, RPL7A, 18S, 28S,</i> and <i>SOD1</i>, regarding variable biotic and abiotic factors such as body part, life stage, hormone, diet, and temperature. Data were analysed using four dedicated algorithms (ΔCt, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and geNorm) and one comparative tool (RefFinder). Our results showed that the most stable reference genes were <i>RPL7A</i> and <i>EF1α</i> regarding the body part, <i>SRSF7</i> and <i>Hsc70</i> regarding the diet, <i>RPL7A</i> and <i>α-tubulin</i> regarding the hormone, <i>SRSF7</i> and <i>RPL7A</i> regarding the life stage, and <i>SRSF7</i> and <i>α-tubulin</i> regarding temperature. To ascertain the applicability of specific reference genes, the expression level of the target gene (<i>ACPase</i>) was estimated regarding the body part using the most stable reference genes, <i>RPL7A</i> and <i>EF1α</i>, and the least stable one, <i>SOD1</i>. The highest expression level of <i>ACPase</i> was observed in the abdomen, and the validity of <i>RPL7A</i> and <i>EF1α</i> was confirmed. This study provides, for the first time, an extensive list of reliable reference genes for molecular biology studies in <i>S. guani</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"613-621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the immune transcriptome of the invasive pest spotted wing drosophila infected by Steinernema carpocapsae. 入侵害虫斑翅果蝇感染 Steinernema carpocapsae 后的免疫转录组分析。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000543
A Garriga, D Toubarro, A Morton, N Simões, F García-Del-Pino

Drosophila suzukii is a pest of global concern due to its great impact on several crops. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae was highly virulent to the larvae of the fly although some immune mechanisms were triggered along the infection course. Thus, to understand the gene activation profile we performed a comparative transcriptome of D. suzukii larvae infected with S. carpocapsae and Xenorhabdus nematophila to map the differentially expressed genes involved in the defence response. The analysis exposed the induction of genes involved in the humoral response such as the antimicrobial peptides and pattern-recognition receptors while there was a suppression of the cellular defence. Besides, genes involved in melanisation, and clot formation were downregulated hindering the encapsulation response and wound healing. After the infection, larvae were in a stress condition with an enrichment of metabolic and transport functionalities. Concerning the stress response, we observed variations of the heat-shock proteins, detoxification, and peroxidase enzymes. These findings set a genetical comprehensive knowledge of the host-pathogen relation of D. suzukii challenged with S. carpocapsae which could support further comparative studies with entomopathogenic nematodes.

铃木果蝇是一种全球关注的害虫,因为它对多种农作物造成了严重影响。虽然在感染过程中会触发一些免疫机制,但昆虫病原线虫Steinernema carpocapsae对果蝇幼虫具有很强的毒性。因此,为了了解基因激活的情况,我们对感染了S. carpocapsae和Xenorhabdus nematophila的D. suzukii幼虫进行了转录组比较,以绘制参与防御反应的差异表达基因图谱。分析结果表明,参与体液反应的基因(如抗菌肽和模式识别受体)受到诱导,而细胞防御则受到抑制。此外,参与黑色化和凝块形成的基因被下调,阻碍了封装反应和伤口愈合。感染后,幼虫处于应激状态,代谢和运输功能增强。在应激反应方面,我们观察到热休克蛋白、解毒酶和过氧化物酶的变化。这些发现为我们全面了解宿主与病原体之间的关系提供了一个基因方面的知识,有助于与昆虫病原线虫进行进一步的比较研究。
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引用次数: 0
Lethal and sublethal concentrations spirodiclofen stress may increase the adaptation of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). 致死和亚致死浓度螺螨酯胁迫可能会增强柑橘盘尼丝虫(蛔虫科:Tetranychidae)的适应性。
IF 16.4 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0007485324000087
Hongyan Wang, Haifeng Wang, Kexin Wen, Tao Xie, Shigan Luo, Jiawei Wu, Bin Xia

Panonychus citri is one of the most destructive pests in citrus orchards, exhibiting varying degrees of tolerance to numerous insecticides, such as spirodiclofen. To effectively manage pests, this study explores the response of P. citri to spirodiclofen stress from the perspectives of life history, enzymatic parameters, and reproduction. The effects of two concentrations (LC30 and LC50) of spirodiclofen on the biological parameters of P. citri were evaluated by the life table method. The results showed that the development duration, fecundity, oviposition days, and lifespan were shortened, though the pre-oviposition period of two treatments was prolonged in comparison with the control. A significant decrease was recorded in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the mean generation time (T) for the two treatments. Nevertheless, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the rate of increase (λ) were not significantly affected in the LC30 treatment, whereas they declined in the LC50 treatment. The enzyme activity assay resulted in higher activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and carboxylesterase (CarE), among the treatments than the control. In contrast, the treatments recorded lower cytochromeP450 (CYP450) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities than the control. Furthermore, the study detected that relative mRNA expression of Vitellogenin (Vg) and Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) for two treatments were lower than the control. In summary, two concentrations of spirodiclofen inhibited progeny growth and fecundity of P. citri. Additionally, the results of this study may support further research on tolerance of P. citri in response to spirodiclofen stress.

柑橘褐飞虱是柑橘园中最具破坏性的害虫之一,对螺螨酯等多种杀虫剂表现出不同程度的耐受性。为了有效控制害虫,本研究从生活史、酶参数和繁殖等方面探讨了柑橘蓟马对螺螨酯胁迫的反应。研究采用生命表法评估了两种浓度(LC30 和 LC50)螺螨酯对柠条蓟马生物参数的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,两种处理的发育期、受精率、产卵天数和寿命都缩短了,但产卵前期延长了。两种处理的净生殖率(R0)和平均世代时间(T)都明显下降。不过,LC30 处理的内在增长率(r)和增长率(λ)未受明显影响,而 LC50 处理则有所下降。酶活性测定结果显示,各处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的活性均高于对照组。相比之下,各处理的细胞色素 P450(CYP450)和谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶(GST)活性低于对照组。此外,研究还发现,两种处理的岩浆素(Vg)和岩浆素受体(VgR)的相对 mRNA 表达量低于对照组。总之,两种浓度的螺螨酯都能抑制柠檬蝶的后代生长和繁殖力。此外,本研究的结果还有助于进一步研究枸橘对螺螨酯胁迫的耐受性。
{"title":"Lethal and sublethal concentrations spirodiclofen stress may increase the adaptation of <i>Panonychus citri</i> (Acari: Tetranychidae).","authors":"Hongyan Wang, Haifeng Wang, Kexin Wen, Tao Xie, Shigan Luo, Jiawei Wu, Bin Xia","doi":"10.1017/S0007485324000087","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007485324000087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Panonychus citri</i> is one of the most destructive pests in citrus orchards, exhibiting varying degrees of tolerance to numerous insecticides, such as spirodiclofen. To effectively manage pests, this study explores the response of <i>P. citri</i> to spirodiclofen stress from the perspectives of life history, enzymatic parameters, and reproduction. The effects of two concentrations (LC<sub>30</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub>) of spirodiclofen on the biological parameters of <i>P. citri</i> were evaluated by the life table method. The results showed that the development duration, fecundity, oviposition days, and lifespan were shortened, though the pre-oviposition period of two treatments was prolonged in comparison with the control. A significant decrease was recorded in the net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub>0</sub>) and the mean generation time (<i>T</i>) for the two treatments. Nevertheless, the intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>) and the rate of increase (<i>λ</i>) were not significantly affected in the LC<sub>30</sub> treatment, whereas they declined in the LC<sub>50</sub> treatment. The enzyme activity assay resulted in higher activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and carboxylesterase (CarE), among the treatments than the control. In contrast, the treatments recorded lower cytochromeP450 (CYP450) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities than the control. Furthermore, the study detected that relative mRNA expression of Vitellogenin (Vg) and Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) for two treatments were lower than the control. In summary, two concentrations of spirodiclofen inhibited progeny growth and fecundity of <i>P. citri</i>. Additionally, the results of this study may support further research on tolerance of <i>P. citri</i> in response to spirodiclofen stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9370,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Entomological Research","volume":" ","pages":"591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of Entomological Research
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