{"title":"Maantieteen ylioppilaskoe toimii alan näyteikkunana","authors":"P. Muukkonen","doi":"10.30677/terra.129796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.129796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87975418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joonas Salmijärvi, Joni Vainikka, P. Bäcklund, Venla Bernelius
As the climate crisis intensifies, research on climate change attitudes has become extensive. Different factors associated with them have been analysed across disciplines and contexts. This paper presents a systematic literature review for exploring whether and how socio-spatiality has been discussed and examined in the research of climate change attitudes. The final data consists of 82 individual research articles published in 59 academic journals in 2012‒2022. In the data, the most common spatial perspectives on climate change attitudes relate to geographical aggregates and differences in the attitudes, and how changes in local climates can affect individuals’ perceptions. Examining them as intersubjective constructs formed in social relations and local interaction is rare. Additionally, our findings attest to the ambiguity in understanding the term “attitude”. We conclude that research on climate change attitudes needs more effort to examine the socio-spatial dynamics in local contexts and to take more transparent stances on defining the applied concepts.
{"title":"Ilmastoasenteiden maantiede: sosiospatiaalisuuden merkitys kansainvälisessä tutkimuskirjallisuudessa","authors":"Joonas Salmijärvi, Joni Vainikka, P. Bäcklund, Venla Bernelius","doi":"10.30677/terra.121469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.121469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000As the climate crisis intensifies, research on climate change attitudes has become extensive. Different factors associated with them have been analysed across disciplines and contexts. This paper presents a systematic literature review for exploring whether and how socio-spatiality has been discussed and examined in the research of climate change attitudes. The final data consists of 82 individual research articles published in 59 academic journals in 2012‒2022. In the data, the most common spatial perspectives on climate change attitudes relate to geographical aggregates and differences in the attitudes, and how changes in local climates can affect individuals’ perceptions. Examining them as intersubjective constructs formed in social relations and local interaction is rare. Additionally, our findings attest to the ambiguity in understanding the term “attitude”. We conclude that research on climate change attitudes needs more effort to examine the socio-spatial dynamics in local contexts and to take more transparent stances on defining the applied concepts. \u0000","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90255756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases are considered as a threat in several parts of Europe. In Finland, both Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus have shifted northwards in recent decades, and they have become more abundant at the same time. This is thought to be due to global climate change and its effect directly on ticks or indirectly on their host animals. This review focuses on the factors that affect both tick activity and survival, and the factors that influence the life cycle of ticks. Both presence and availability of host animals and microclimatic conditions are factors that affect tick occurrence in any given area. For example, high temperatures or low humidity force the species to seek shelter from cooler and more humid microhabitats, as ticks are sensitive to desiccation. However, tick distribution is associated with a complex combination of environmental and climatic factors.
{"title":"Puutiaisten (Ixodes ricinus ja Ixodes persulcatus) levinneisyyteen ja runsauteen vaikuttavat tekijät Suomessa","authors":"Niko Tanski","doi":"10.30677/terra.116130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.116130","url":null,"abstract":"Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne diseases are considered as a threat in several parts of Europe. In Finland, both Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus have shifted northwards in recent decades, and they have become more abundant at the same time. This is thought to be due to global climate change and its effect directly on ticks or indirectly on their host animals. This review focuses on the factors that affect both tick activity and survival, and the factors that influence the life cycle of ticks.\u0000Both presence and availability of host animals and microclimatic conditions are factors that affect tick occurrence in any given area. For example, high temperatures or low humidity force the species to seek shelter from cooler and more humid microhabitats, as ticks are sensitive to desiccation. However, tick distribution is associated with a complex combination of environmental and climatic factors.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77668652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-speed telecommunications have a positive impact on the development of regions and municipalities. A poor digital infrastructure can lead to digital exclusion or a digital divide. In Finland, the strategy has therefore been to ensure that everyone has access to high-speed broadband. This article asks what the digital divide between different kinds of municipalities is, and how this divide affects teleworking and the use of telehealth services, for example. Answers are sought through spatial data and statistical analyses based on open municipal statistics from Traficom and Ookla. The results show that the digital divide is verifiable both in the urban-rural dimension and in the development of the telecommunications infrastructure. In the well-connected municipalities, telework and the use of digital health services were more common. Without policy measures, the digital divide would probably be even larger, as Finland has promoted the deployment of fixed broadband as part of regional and rural policy.
{"title":"Tietoliikenneyhteydet ja kuntien mahdollisuudet hyötyä digitalisaatiosta","authors":"Olli Lehtonen, Olli Voutilainen, Toivo Muilu","doi":"10.30677/terra.122269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.122269","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed telecommunications have a positive impact on the development of regions and municipalities. A poor digital infrastructure can lead to digital exclusion or a digital divide. In Finland, the strategy has therefore been to ensure that everyone has access to high-speed broadband. This article asks what the digital divide between different kinds of municipalities is, and how this divide affects teleworking and the use of telehealth services, for example. Answers are sought through spatial data and statistical analyses based on open municipal statistics from Traficom and Ookla. The results show that the digital divide is verifiable both in the urban-rural dimension and in the development of the telecommunications infrastructure. In the well-connected municipalities, telework and the use of digital health services were more common. Without policy measures, the digital divide would probably be even larger, as Finland has promoted the deployment of fixed broadband as part of regional and rural policy.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82793215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Hynynen, Tua Nylén, Virpi Hirvensalo, Panu Lammi, P. Muukkonen
While geomedia is a new concept in Finnish curricula, it merely describes geographical methods and data that have always been central in geography education. In this study, we interviewed geography teachers on 1) how they understand the concept of geomedia, 2) what is the role of geomedia in their students’ everyday lives and how that is reflected in the school education, and 3) what is the impact of geomedia education for geography education in general and for the society. The interviewed teachers work with pupils from ages 7 to 19. The results show, for example, that most teachers consider geomedia as a useful hypernym at the curriculum level, but understanding of the concept is limited and few teachers utilize the term in the classroom. Outside the classroom pupils are mainly exposed to visual forms of geomedia and would need stronger skills to examine it critically. The teachers agree that geomedia education forms the basis of methodological geography skills and supports geographical thinking. Finally, geomedia education provides the pupils with skills to use geomedia in their everyday lives and to acquire many relevant skills in the future.
{"title":"Maantieteen opettajien näkemyksiä geomediasta ja geomediaopetuksesta","authors":"Laura Hynynen, Tua Nylén, Virpi Hirvensalo, Panu Lammi, P. Muukkonen","doi":"10.30677/terra.120326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.120326","url":null,"abstract":"While geomedia is a new concept in Finnish curricula, it merely describes geographical methods and data that have always been central in geography education. In this study, we interviewed geography teachers on 1) how they understand the concept of geomedia, 2) what is the role of geomedia in their students’ everyday lives and how that is reflected in the school education, and 3) what is the impact of geomedia education for geography education in general and for the society. The interviewed teachers work with pupils from ages 7 to 19. The results show, for example, that most teachers consider geomedia as a useful hypernym at the curriculum level, but understanding of the concept is limited and few teachers utilize the term in the classroom. Outside the classroom pupils are mainly exposed to visual forms of geomedia and would need stronger skills to examine it critically. The teachers agree that geomedia education forms the basis of methodological geography skills and supports geographical thinking. Finally, geomedia education provides the pupils with skills to use geomedia in their everyday lives and to acquire many relevant skills in the future.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79806325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanna Ala-Mantila, Tuuli Hirvilammi, Salla Jokela, Markus Laine, M. Weckroth
Cities are increasingly profiling themselves as active agents within the transition towards sustainability. Despite many apparent efforts, discussion on “sustainable cities” has often focused on narrowly defined problems and ignored the interconnectedness of ecological, social, and economic issues that extend beyond the boundaries of formal city regions. Hence, this paper highlights the need for more systemic approaches, taking into account the multifaceted nature of urban sustainability. We use planetary urbanism, urban metabolism, and inclusiveness as conceptual lenses to demonstrate the embeddedness of cities in planetary ecological systems and social structures. We present four examples of urban initiatives that extend from strategic tools to practical urban planning in order to elucidate more holistic ways of thinking about and moving towards, urban sustainability. Our examination calls for rethinking prevailing ideas of cities as forerunners of sustainable development and highlights the need for collaboration for curbing potentially harmful socio-spatial divisions.
{"title":"Kaupunkien rooli kestävyysmurroksessa","authors":"Sanna Ala-Mantila, Tuuli Hirvilammi, Salla Jokela, Markus Laine, M. Weckroth","doi":"10.30677/terra.116456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.116456","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are increasingly profiling themselves as active agents within the transition towards sustainability. Despite many apparent efforts, discussion on “sustainable cities” has often focused on narrowly defined problems and ignored the interconnectedness of ecological, social, and economic issues that extend beyond the boundaries of formal city regions. Hence, this paper highlights the need for more systemic approaches, taking into account the multifaceted nature of urban sustainability. We use planetary urbanism, urban metabolism, and inclusiveness as conceptual lenses to demonstrate the embeddedness of cities in planetary ecological systems and social structures. We present four examples of urban initiatives that extend from strategic tools to practical urban planning in order to elucidate more holistic ways of thinking about and moving towards, urban sustainability. Our examination calls for rethinking prevailing ideas of cities as forerunners of sustainable development and highlights the need for collaboration for curbing potentially harmful socio-spatial divisions.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79025508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present results from an expert panel about the role of urban habitat types (biotopes) for urban biodiversity. Building upon the Biodiversity Quality framework (Feest 2006), we suggest nine community attributes that jointly act as a composite measure for urban biodiversity: species richness, habitat specialist species, biomass, abundance, evenness, uniqueness, regional representativeness, sensitivity, and connectivity. 24 taxonomic experts (representing vascular plants, polypores, fungi, birds, bats, mammals, herpetofauna, butterflies, hymenoptera, and beetles) scored 68 pre-defined urban biotopes in terms of their support for Biodiversity Quality in the Helsinki Metropolitan area. Herb-rich forests and certain anthropogenic biotopes like fortifications generally received highest scores, whereas constructed areas like paved yards gained lowest scores. Results are mostly applicable in other Southern Finnish cities. Our openly available results provide a good tentative understanding of the biodiversity value of different urban environments. Biodiversity Quality is a more holistic measure than mere presence of protected or endangered species and it therefore supports biodiversity-aware and sustainable urban planning.
{"title":"Viheralueiden elonkirjo","authors":"Joel Jalkanen, Kati Vierikko","doi":"10.30677/terra.120163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.120163","url":null,"abstract":"We present results from an expert panel about the role of urban habitat types (biotopes) for urban biodiversity. Building upon the Biodiversity Quality framework (Feest 2006), we suggest nine community attributes that jointly act as a composite measure for urban biodiversity: species richness, habitat specialist species, biomass, abundance, evenness, uniqueness, regional representativeness, sensitivity, and connectivity. 24 taxonomic experts (representing vascular plants, polypores, fungi, birds, bats, mammals, herpetofauna, butterflies, hymenoptera, and beetles) scored 68 pre-defined urban biotopes in terms of their support for Biodiversity Quality in the Helsinki Metropolitan area. Herb-rich forests and certain anthropogenic biotopes like fortifications generally received highest scores, whereas constructed areas like paved yards gained lowest scores. Results are mostly applicable in other Southern Finnish cities. Our openly available results provide a good tentative understanding of the biodiversity value of different urban environments. Biodiversity Quality is a more holistic measure than mere presence of protected or endangered species and it therefore supports biodiversity-aware and sustainable urban planning.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90622551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The latest phase of river restorations is the closure of small hydroelectric plants. The precedent of this stage in Finland is the Hiitolanjoki river, which is a transboundary river crossing the Finnish-Russian border before flowing to Lake Ladoga. This article focuses on the shift in the hydrosocial rhythm of the Hiitolanjoki river from industrial to post-industrial rhythm. In a waterbody with the industrial rhythm, dams regulate the flow and speed of water in line with the demand for electricity. Current dismantling of dams and restoring its original rhythm is a result of the persistent work of local actor-network which has been able to create a wide supporting network including actors from the Hiitolanjoki river to the European Union’s and the Finnish government’s water and fish stock policies. The case of Hiitolanjoki river shows that achieving results requires an active and committed local network of actors.
{"title":"Koskien valjastamisesta patojen purkuun","authors":"Pertti Rannikko","doi":"10.30677/terra.115605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.115605","url":null,"abstract":"The latest phase of river restorations is the closure of small hydroelectric plants. The precedent of this stage in Finland is the Hiitolanjoki river, which is a transboundary river crossing the Finnish-Russian border before flowing to Lake Ladoga. This article focuses on the shift in the hydrosocial rhythm of the Hiitolanjoki river from industrial to post-industrial rhythm. In a waterbody with the industrial rhythm, dams regulate the flow and speed of water in line with the demand for electricity. Current dismantling of dams and restoring its original rhythm is a result of the persistent work of local actor-network which has been able to create a wide supporting network including actors from the Hiitolanjoki river to the European Union’s and the Finnish government’s water and fish stock policies. The case of Hiitolanjoki river shows that achieving results requires an active and committed local network of actors.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84722171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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