The current fossil fuel reliant global energy system is in rapid transition towards low-carbon energy sources. In the Finnish context, a significant target for emission reduction policies has been the country’s carbon dioxide intensive peat energy sector. As a part of the path towards a climate neutral Finland by 2035, the government has set the aim to halve peat energy use by 2030 and, as a part of these transition policies, the principle of providing a just transition for those deriving their livelihood from peat harvesting has been embraced. However, the use of peat has been declining at a much more rapid pace than anticipated, also jeopardizing the just transition promised for those engaged in the peat industry. In this article, we take a focus on the experiences of those who are deriving their livelihood from peat harvesting and related activities with an interest on how they are experiencing the justness of Finland’s peat policies and the ongoing transition. The experiences of our 400 survey respondents reflect the grave societal, economic and human consequences of the multifaceted failures of Finland’s peat transition policies. The lessons learned from the Finnish peat transition can be utilized in planning and implementing more sustainable policies for other livelihoods facing similar transitions. peat; energy; climate; just transition; Finland
{"title":"\"Selviääkö tästä mitenkään?\"","authors":"Hannele Lempinen, Annukka Vainio","doi":"10.30677/terra.113497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.113497","url":null,"abstract":"The current fossil fuel reliant global energy system is in rapid transition towards low-carbon energy sources. In the Finnish context, a significant target for emission reduction policies has been the country’s carbon dioxide intensive peat energy sector. As a part of the path towards a climate neutral Finland by 2035, the government has set the aim to halve peat energy use by 2030 and, as a part of these transition policies, the principle of providing a just transition for those deriving their livelihood from peat harvesting has been embraced. However, the use of peat has been declining at a much more rapid pace than anticipated, also jeopardizing the just transition promised for those engaged in the peat industry. In this article, we take a focus on the experiences of those who are deriving their livelihood from peat harvesting and related activities with an interest on how they are experiencing the justness of Finland’s peat policies and the ongoing transition. The experiences of our 400 survey respondents reflect the grave societal, economic and human consequences of the multifaceted failures of Finland’s peat transition policies. The lessons learned from the Finnish peat transition can be utilized in planning and implementing more sustainable policies for other livelihoods facing similar transitions.\u0000 \u0000peat; energy; climate; just transition; Finland","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80994754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article we study the process of grieving, places of grief, and their multiple meanings in parents’ lives after the loss of a child. Based on interviews with nine parents, we analyse the socio-spatial dimensions and practices of bereavement. Grief, mourning, and remembering are experienced in physical places and in the body, as well as through socio-spatial dialogue. According to our interviews, bereavement of a child continues to be a recurring experience throughout daily life. Our main conclusion is that grief is only partly tied to particular physical places (location). Moreover, grief travels in time, and it is always related to other lived places experienced through the body of the parent. Our analysis illustrates how the body becomes a place of grief, and it highlights the role of everyday dialogue in maintaining parents’ continuing bonds with their deceased child. The meaning of places changes with loss in parents’ everyday life, and dialogue allows for maintaining a promise of care related to close relationships.
{"title":"Surun paikka","authors":"Ulla Tuunanen, Anna-Kaisa Kuusisto","doi":"10.30677/terra.113034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.113034","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we study the process of grieving, places of grief, and their multiple meanings in parents’ lives after the loss of a child. Based on interviews with nine parents, we analyse the socio-spatial dimensions and practices of bereavement. Grief, mourning, and remembering are experienced in physical places and in the body, as well as through socio-spatial dialogue. According to our interviews, bereavement of a child continues to be a recurring experience throughout daily life. Our main conclusion is that grief is only partly tied to particular physical places (location). Moreover, grief travels in time, and it is always related to other lived places experienced through the body of the parent. Our analysis illustrates how the body becomes a place of grief, and it highlights the role of everyday dialogue in maintaining parents’ continuing bonds with their deceased child. The meaning of places changes with loss in parents’ everyday life, and dialogue allows for maintaining a promise of care related to close relationships.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87706049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maantieteen opetus tässä maailman ajassa","authors":"Sirpa Tani","doi":"10.30677/terra.122219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.122219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73841503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, mires are regarded as living heritage and experienced landscapes. Mires form a cultural context for interface, where the mindscape of human-mire relationships are represented and renewed by diverse types of art projects. As a part of the global concern on climate crisis among artists, intertwined environmental challenges are highlighted through mire art projects. Based on the 12 semi-structured interviews in Finland, artists’ subjective perceptions, expressions and experiences on mires and art in mire landscapes are examined. Artists use culturally sustainable methods, e.g., they engage local tensions and mire users in their art projects. Mire art highlights the flora and fauna of mire and illustrates changes in mire. Mire art mediates the relation between future, society and environment by participating in public discussion on the protection and environmental values of mire. The biocultural heritage of mires consists of e.g., value of biodiversity, local knowledge, experienced landscapes and place related memories.
{"title":"Kohtaamispaikkana suo","authors":"Pauliina Latvala-Harvilahti","doi":"10.30677/terra.112015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.112015","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, mires are regarded as living heritage and experienced landscapes. Mires form a cultural context for interface, where the mindscape of human-mire relationships are represented and renewed by diverse types of art projects. As a part of the global concern on climate crisis among artists, intertwined environmental challenges are highlighted through mire art projects. Based on the 12 semi-structured interviews in Finland, artists’ subjective perceptions, expressions and experiences on mires and art in mire landscapes are examined. Artists use culturally sustainable methods, e.g., they engage local tensions and mire users in their art projects. Mire art highlights the flora and fauna of mire and illustrates changes in mire. Mire art mediates the relation between future, society and environment by participating in public discussion on the protection and environmental values of mire. The biocultural heritage of mires consists of e.g., value of biodiversity, local knowledge, experienced landscapes and place related memories.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82012749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mires are no longer places of hard work, and now attract people for different reasons. This study is based on material gathered from an inquiry where people recounted their personal experiences of mires, and examines their voluntary engagement and subsequent relationship with them. The theoretical framework of this study is grounded in environmental aesthetics. I apply Arnold Berleant’s method of descriptive environmental aesthetics to the described experiences of mires. I also use Joseph Kupfer’s classification of different modes to aesthetically engage with nature. These modes – acting in or within nature; action which takes us into nature; acting against nature; acting with nature – reveal different aspects of the mire relationship. Engaging with mires deepens our material and mental connections to them. The findings suggest that an aesthetic engagement with mires can create new cultural understandings of them, and could result in more sustainable uses of mires in the future.
{"title":"Elämyksellinen suo","authors":"Virpi Kaukio","doi":"10.30677/terra.112122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.112122","url":null,"abstract":"Mires are no longer places of hard work, and now attract people for different reasons. This study is based on material gathered from an inquiry where people recounted their personal experiences of mires, and examines their voluntary engagement and subsequent relationship with them. The theoretical framework of this study is grounded in environmental aesthetics. I apply Arnold Berleant’s method of descriptive environmental aesthetics to the described experiences of mires. I also use Joseph Kupfer’s classification of different modes to aesthetically engage with nature. These modes – acting in or within nature; action which takes us into nature; acting against nature; acting with nature – reveal different aspects of the mire relationship. Engaging with mires deepens our material and mental connections to them. The findings suggest that an aesthetic engagement with mires can create new cultural understandings of them, and could result in more sustainable uses of mires in the future.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77521055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the changing human-mire relationship today. Drawing on a High heels floral dress mire skiing event held in Pudasjärvi, the research material consists of interviews with the participants and organizers of the event, as well as material based on participatory observation. The research asks: How does a carnival event on a mire affect the human-mire relationship and thus the cultural heritage associated with mires? Theoretical concepts of carnivalism and space are used in the analysis of the material. The research reveals that instead of seeking the privacy that is commonly associated with recreational mires, the creation of a carnival space makes the communal physical interaction between humans and the mire possible, so creating a sense of community. As a consequence, the fears and images of death which have traditionally been part of the cultural heritage of mires are being dispelled, and the mire is perceived as safe and regenerative.
{"title":"Suo karnevalistisena tilana","authors":"Kirsi Laurén","doi":"10.30677/terra.112016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.112016","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the changing human-mire relationship today. Drawing on a High heels floral dress mire skiing event held in Pudasjärvi, the research material consists of interviews with the participants and organizers of the event, as well as material based on participatory observation. The research asks: How does a carnival event on a mire affect the human-mire relationship and thus the cultural heritage associated with mires? Theoretical concepts of carnivalism and space are used in the analysis of the material. The research reveals that instead of seeking the privacy that is commonly associated with recreational mires, the creation of a carnival space makes the communal physical interaction between humans and the mire possible, so creating a sense of community. As a consequence, the fears and images of death which have traditionally been part of the cultural heritage of mires are being dispelled, and the mire is perceived as safe and regenerative.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81791908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies reveal that schools in Finland’s largest urban areas are increasingly segregated. Two dimensions of segregation, residential and school segregation, have been found to be strongly interlinked. In this study, we examine how pupils’ daily lives are segregated or integrated across three life domains – 1) home 2) school and 3) leisure activities, and what kind of negotiation and social distinctions are related to these domains among pupils. Our findings are based on an ethnographic study (48 days), including interviews with pupils (n=22) with different social and ethnic backgrounds in one urban lower secondary school. The results demonstrate that differences between the pupils’ life domains are interconnected in many ways and create social distinctions, hierarchies and divisions between pupils, thus forming breeding ground for detachment and segregation. The findings emphasize the need for urban and educational policies that are sensitive to complexities of local context in social mixing measures.
{"title":"”Mä tunnistan kaltaiseni, kun mä nään sen” – Etnografinen tutkimus kaupunkikoulun oppilaiden arkitodellisuuksien eriytymisestä","authors":"R. Oittinen, Marja Peltola, Venla Bernelius","doi":"10.30677/terra.108013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.108013","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies reveal that schools in Finland’s largest urban areas are increasingly segregated. Two dimensions of segregation, residential and school segregation, have been found to be strongly interlinked. In this study, we examine how pupils’ daily lives are segregated or integrated across three life domains – 1) home 2) school and 3) leisure activities, and what kind of negotiation and social distinctions are related to these domains among pupils. Our findings are based on an ethnographic study (48 days), including interviews with pupils (n=22) with different social and ethnic backgrounds in one urban lower secondary school. The results demonstrate that differences between the pupils’ life domains are interconnected in many ways and create social distinctions, hierarchies and divisions between pupils, thus forming breeding ground for detachment and segregation. The findings emphasize the need for urban and educational policies that are sensitive to complexities of local context in social mixing measures.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"31 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83124639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban population ageing has significant implications for city centres to cater to an increasing number of older citizens. This article focuses on the city centre from the older consumers’ (aged 60+) perspective, emphasising physical and social elements in the retail and service environment. The focus-group research method was used to identify what is an age-friendly city centre that supports older consumers in running their errands. The study proved the superiority of the city centre to the older consumers. It offers an opportunity to be outdoors, enjoy the visual elements and social interactions while running errands. A wide variety of age-friendly services and the possibility of combining different activities into one visit were found to attract older consumers. The study highlights that shopping is a vital activity that promotes active and healthy ageing. Thus, older people should be respected as consumers with heterogeneous needs and preferences when creating an age-friendly city centre.
{"title":"”Se on aina elämys, kun pääsee kauppaan” – Kaupunkikeskusta ikääntyneiden fyysisenä ja sosiaalisena asiointiympäristönä","authors":"Katri Koistinen, Anna-Maija Kohijoki","doi":"10.30677/terra.110582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30677/terra.110582","url":null,"abstract":"Urban population ageing has significant implications for city centres to cater to an increasing number of older citizens. This article focuses on the city centre from the older consumers’ (aged 60+) perspective, emphasising physical and social elements in the retail and service environment. The focus-group research method was used to identify what is an age-friendly city centre that supports older consumers in running their errands. The study proved the superiority of the city centre to the older consumers. It offers an opportunity to be outdoors, enjoy the visual elements and social interactions while running errands. A wide variety of age-friendly services and the possibility of combining different activities into one visit were found to attract older consumers. The study highlights that shopping is a vital activity that promotes active and healthy ageing. Thus, older people should be respected as consumers with heterogeneous needs and preferences when creating an age-friendly city centre.","PeriodicalId":93720,"journal":{"name":"Terra Ameriga","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82124324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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