Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.jctr.20210903.11
Ynnaiana Navarro De Lima Santana Quintans, Denise Bousfield Da Silva, Nilzete Liberato Bresolin, Joana Sacheti Freitas
: Cancer in the childhood and adolescence age group is considered rare. Despite this, the incidence of new diagnoses is increasing every day, as well as an increase in the cure rate, which is due, among other reasons, to the intensification of cancer treatment. As a consequence, these patients end up needing intervention in intensive care units (ICU). When compared to other patients, the mortality rate of cancer patients was higher than the general mortality in the pediatric ICU. For this reason, it is important to identify prognostic factors that can guide the early admission of these patients to the ICU. This study evaluated several variables related to the cancer patient admitted to the ICU, correlating them with the clinical outcome. Some variables were identified that increased the risk of the patient presenting with death as outcome, namely the number of organic dysfunctions on admission, the use of cardiotoxic chemotherapy, the use of nephrotoxic medications and the number of interventions performed on the patient in the first hours in the ICU. It is hoped that with this article, teams that provide health care to pediatric cancer patients will be able to identify children and adolescents in need of ICU interventions earlier, thus increasing their survival rate.
{"title":"Predictors of Mortality of Oncological Patients Admitted in the Pediatric ICU of a Tertiary Reference Hospital","authors":"Ynnaiana Navarro De Lima Santana Quintans, Denise Bousfield Da Silva, Nilzete Liberato Bresolin, Joana Sacheti Freitas","doi":"10.11648/j.jctr.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":": Cancer in the childhood and adolescence age group is considered rare. Despite this, the incidence of new diagnoses is increasing every day, as well as an increase in the cure rate, which is due, among other reasons, to the intensification of cancer treatment. As a consequence, these patients end up needing intervention in intensive care units (ICU). When compared to other patients, the mortality rate of cancer patients was higher than the general mortality in the pediatric ICU. For this reason, it is important to identify prognostic factors that can guide the early admission of these patients to the ICU. This study evaluated several variables related to the cancer patient admitted to the ICU, correlating them with the clinical outcome. Some variables were identified that increased the risk of the patient presenting with death as outcome, namely the number of organic dysfunctions on admission, the use of cardiotoxic chemotherapy, the use of nephrotoxic medications and the number of interventions performed on the patient in the first hours in the ICU. It is hoped that with this article, teams that provide health care to pediatric cancer patients will be able to identify children and adolescents in need of ICU interventions earlier, thus increasing their survival rate.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79394561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The increasing share of Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic-CT scan (TAP-CT) dose delivered to cancer patients requires particular vigilance. In fact, the radioprotection practices of our cancer patients are poorly respected, especially in terms of the number of acquisitions performed by practitioners. For instance, when performing a TAP-CT scan in cancer patients, the series without injection and the series with injection include arterial time, portal time, and rarely late time, lead to three to four acquisitions. Most practitioners do this routinely without considering whether these acquisitions are justified or not. This work assesses the practices carried out in the service of radiology in two hospitals in the province of Tetouan (northern Morocco). The overall purpose is to improve the radioprotection of our cancer patients. The retrospective investigation involved a total of 100 patients performed TAP examination. The PDL total is in the order of 500.72±15.08mGy.cm, and the effective dose (E) is of the order of 7.51±0.226mSv. Sex and ages variables did not show any significant differences according to t-test and ANOVA respectively. However, the variable "number of acquisitions" per examination showed a significant difference for PDL total and the Effective Dose (F=16.462; p<0.001). The MANOVA analysis showed that the variables gender and number of acquisitions showed a significant effect; (D gender =0.748; p=0.042) and (D number of acquisitions =11.888; p<0.001). By comparing the results of two hospitals, we found a large variation in the delivered doses. The radiologist himself seems to be a significant factor that can influence unnecessary acquisitions and therefore the total delivered dose. Consequently, the standardization of TAP protocols and the sharing of best practices between hospitals becomes a necessary approach towards dose optimization.
{"title":"The Contribution of Radiology Service Staffs in the Optimization of TAP-CT Doses for Cancer Patients: A Comparative Study of Two Hospitals in Northern Morocco","authors":"Bougana Ihsane, Benabdelouahab Farid, Kacemi Loubna","doi":"10.11648/j.jctr.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":": The increasing share of Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic-CT scan (TAP-CT) dose delivered to cancer patients requires particular vigilance. In fact, the radioprotection practices of our cancer patients are poorly respected, especially in terms of the number of acquisitions performed by practitioners. For instance, when performing a TAP-CT scan in cancer patients, the series without injection and the series with injection include arterial time, portal time, and rarely late time, lead to three to four acquisitions. Most practitioners do this routinely without considering whether these acquisitions are justified or not. This work assesses the practices carried out in the service of radiology in two hospitals in the province of Tetouan (northern Morocco). The overall purpose is to improve the radioprotection of our cancer patients. The retrospective investigation involved a total of 100 patients performed TAP examination. The PDL total is in the order of 500.72±15.08mGy.cm, and the effective dose (E) is of the order of 7.51±0.226mSv. Sex and ages variables did not show any significant differences according to t-test and ANOVA respectively. However, the variable \"number of acquisitions\" per examination showed a significant difference for PDL total and the Effective Dose (F=16.462; p<0.001). The MANOVA analysis showed that the variables gender and number of acquisitions showed a significant effect; (D gender =0.748; p=0.042) and (D number of acquisitions =11.888; p<0.001). By comparing the results of two hospitals, we found a large variation in the delivered doses. The radiologist himself seems to be a significant factor that can influence unnecessary acquisitions and therefore the total delivered dose. Consequently, the standardization of TAP protocols and the sharing of best practices between hospitals becomes a necessary approach towards dose optimization.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74414878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.jctr.20210903.13
Kalkidan Ayalew, Y. Ayalew, T. Alemu, T. Gebru
{"title":"Knowledge and Experience of Women with Breast Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy in Selected Public Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Kalkidan Ayalew, Y. Ayalew, T. Alemu, T. Gebru","doi":"10.11648/j.jctr.20210903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20210903.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79650195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-04DOI: 10.11648/J.JCTR.20200804.12
O. Kruts, V. Konovalenko, V. Bazas, S. Konovalenko, G. Didenko, O. Lytvynenko, A. Artamonova, O. Gerashchenko
Anticancer xenogeneic vaccine – is an agent, containing antigens of embryonic origin that underwent biotransformation under the action of cytotoxic proteins of В. subtilis B-7025. Anticancer efficacy of the vaccine is implemented by breaking immune system tolerance to own tumor antigens due to the antigenic similarity between tumor and embryonic proteins. The experiments were conducted in Wistar female rats (age 2.5 months and weight 200-220 g, bred at the animal house of R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology). The care and use of the experimental animals have been performed in accordance with generally accepted international rules for conducting experiments in experimental animals. As an experimental tumor model, we have used Walker carcinosarcoma. In preclinical and clinical trials, success has been demonstrated in the use of a combination of anticancer vaccines with chemotherapy to achieve a synergistic effect, even if the dose and schedule of administration of the agents needed to be optimized. It has been shown that some drugs (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel) induce immunological death of tumor cells, increase the expression of tumor-associated antigens, HLA-peptide complexes, thus sensitizing the tumor in vaccine-induced T-cell killing. It was determined that simultaneous administration of anticancer vaccines (regardless of the antigenic composition) and Doxorubicin resulted in a significant increase of survival and average lifespan of the experimental animals. The treated animals at the end of the experiment presented with increased cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and macrophages (both direct and antibody-dependent), suggesting a reduced level of immunosuppression in experimental animals. In the group of rats, receiving Dox, the serum had no effect on the activity of lymphocytes. These data suggest that during the development of tumor the serum accumulates humoral factors, capable of blocking lymphocyte activity. Yet, as a result of additional activation (due to anticancer vaccines), the conditions are provided when the inhibitory activity of humoral factors is eliminated. The combined application of chemo- and biotherapy based on anticancer vaccines of IEPOR series is an efficient and rather perspective method of inhibition of malignant tumor process. The optimal scheme of the combined therapy was developed that involved the administration of anticancer vaccines together with the application of chemotherapeutic agents. The augmentation of antitumor effect can be explained by the reduction of immunosuppressive activity of blood serum towards the effector cells of antitumor immunity, resulting from the additional signal to the immune system - use of anticancer vaccines.
抗癌异种疫苗-是一种制剂，含有胚胎来源的抗原，在细胞毒性蛋白В的作用下进行生物转化。细小b - 7025。由于肿瘤和胚胎蛋白之间的抗原相似性，疫苗的抗癌功效是通过打破免疫系统对自身肿瘤抗原的耐受来实现的。实验选用R. E. Kavetsky实验病理、肿瘤和放射生物学研究所饲养的Wistar雌性大鼠(2.5月龄，体重200-220 g)。对实验动物的照顾和使用，均按照国际上普遍接受的实验动物实验规则进行。作为实验肿瘤模型，我们选择了Walker癌肉瘤。在临床前和临床试验中，即使需要优化药物的剂量和给药时间表，抗癌疫苗与化疗相结合的使用已证明取得了协同效应。研究表明，一些药物(阿霉素、环磷酰胺、多西紫杉醇)诱导肿瘤细胞的免疫死亡，增加肿瘤相关抗原、hla -肽复合物的表达，从而使肿瘤在疫苗诱导的t细胞杀伤中变得敏感。结果表明，无论抗原性成分如何，同时使用抗癌疫苗和阿霉素可显著提高实验动物的存活率和平均寿命。在实验结束时，治疗动物的淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞(直接和抗体依赖)的细胞毒性增加，表明实验动物的免疫抑制水平降低。在大鼠组，给予Dox，血清对淋巴细胞活性无影响。这些数据表明，在肿瘤的发展过程中，血清积累了能够阻断淋巴细胞活性的体液因子。然而，由于额外的激活(由于抗癌疫苗)，提供了消除体液因子抑制活性的条件。以IEPOR系列抗癌疫苗为基础的化疗与生物联合治疗是抑制恶性肿瘤进程的一种有效而有前景的方法。制定了联合治疗的最佳方案，包括使用抗癌疫苗和化疗药物。抗肿瘤作用的增强可以解释为血清对抗肿瘤免疫效应细胞的免疫抑制活性的降低，这是由于抗癌疫苗的使用给免疫系统带来了额外的信号。
{"title":"Combined Application of Anticancer Vaccines of IEPOR Series and Doxorubicin in Rats with Transplanted Walker Carcinosarcoma","authors":"O. Kruts, V. Konovalenko, V. Bazas, S. Konovalenko, G. Didenko, O. Lytvynenko, A. Artamonova, O. Gerashchenko","doi":"10.11648/J.JCTR.20200804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCTR.20200804.12","url":null,"abstract":"Anticancer xenogeneic vaccine – is an agent, containing antigens of embryonic origin that underwent biotransformation under the action of cytotoxic proteins of В. subtilis B-7025. Anticancer efficacy of the vaccine is implemented by breaking immune system tolerance to own tumor antigens due to the antigenic similarity between tumor and embryonic proteins. The experiments were conducted in Wistar female rats (age 2.5 months and weight 200-220 g, bred at the animal house of R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology). The care and use of the experimental animals have been performed in accordance with generally accepted international rules for conducting experiments in experimental animals. As an experimental tumor model, we have used Walker carcinosarcoma. In preclinical and clinical trials, success has been demonstrated in the use of a combination of anticancer vaccines with chemotherapy to achieve a synergistic effect, even if the dose and schedule of administration of the agents needed to be optimized. It has been shown that some drugs (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, docetaxel) induce immunological death of tumor cells, increase the expression of tumor-associated antigens, HLA-peptide complexes, thus sensitizing the tumor in vaccine-induced T-cell killing. It was determined that simultaneous administration of anticancer vaccines (regardless of the antigenic composition) and Doxorubicin resulted in a significant increase of survival and average lifespan of the experimental animals. The treated animals at the end of the experiment presented with increased cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and macrophages (both direct and antibody-dependent), suggesting a reduced level of immunosuppression in experimental animals. In the group of rats, receiving Dox, the serum had no effect on the activity of lymphocytes. These data suggest that during the development of tumor the serum accumulates humoral factors, capable of blocking lymphocyte activity. Yet, as a result of additional activation (due to anticancer vaccines), the conditions are provided when the inhibitory activity of humoral factors is eliminated. The combined application of chemo- and biotherapy based on anticancer vaccines of IEPOR series is an efficient and rather perspective method of inhibition of malignant tumor process. The optimal scheme of the combined therapy was developed that involved the administration of anticancer vaccines together with the application of chemotherapeutic agents. The augmentation of antitumor effect can be explained by the reduction of immunosuppressive activity of blood serum towards the effector cells of antitumor immunity, resulting from the additional signal to the immune system - use of anticancer vaccines.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72991950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.11648/J.JCTR.20190704.13
K. Larson, Yen-Yun Wang, Karissa Finke, Rachel Yoder, Kelsey Schwensen, A. O’Dea, Q. Khan, Lauren Nye, Jaimie Heldstab, A. Godwin, B. Kimler, P. Sharma
Purpose: To investigate the association between germline deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (gBRCA+) and overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Methods: An IRB approved prospective multisite registry enrolling stage I-IV TNBC patients from 2011-2018 was utilized. Demographics, treatments, genetic results, recurrence and survival were collected. OS was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups (gBRCA+and BRCA wild type, wt) by log-rank test. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with risk of death. Results: 100 patients with mTNBC were enrolled on the registry between 2011- 2018. For 100 patients, 20% (20/100) had de novo stage IV whereas 80% (80/100) had metastatic recurrence. 12% had gBRCA+ status; 72% were gBRCA wt type; and 16% had unknown gBRCA status. gBRCA+ patients were younger (49 vs. 57 years, p=0.02) but otherwise well matched to gBRCA wt including similar metastatic disease burden and prior treatments. No patients received a PARP inhibitor. With 31 months median follow-up, median overall survival was 21 months (95% CI [13-23] months) for all patients, 18 months (95% CI [15-27] months) for gBRCA wt patients and has not yet been reached for gBRCA+ patients (p=0.023). 3-year estimated OS is 63% in gBRCA+ versus 28% in gBRCA wt (p=0.02). On multivariate analysis, gBRCA+ was associated with reduced risk of death (HR=0.33; 95%CI [0.23-0.91], p=0.033). Conclusions: In patients with mTNBC gBRCA+ patients have a clinically significantly improved 3-year OS compared to gBRCA wt patients. Further research is needed to understand tumor and host biological reasons for this observation. As these patients are at risk for primary site progression and secondary breast and ovarian cancers, further research regarding the role of proactive surgical treatment in mTNBC with gBRCA mutation is warranted.
{"title":"Impact of Germline BRCA Mutation Status on Survival in Women with Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer","authors":"K. Larson, Yen-Yun Wang, Karissa Finke, Rachel Yoder, Kelsey Schwensen, A. O’Dea, Q. Khan, Lauren Nye, Jaimie Heldstab, A. Godwin, B. Kimler, P. Sharma","doi":"10.11648/J.JCTR.20190704.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCTR.20190704.13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the association between germline deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (gBRCA+) and overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Methods: An IRB approved prospective multisite registry enrolling stage I-IV TNBC patients from 2011-2018 was utilized. Demographics, treatments, genetic results, recurrence and survival were collected. OS was estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups (gBRCA+and BRCA wild type, wt) by log-rank test. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with risk of death. Results: 100 patients with mTNBC were enrolled on the registry between 2011- 2018. For 100 patients, 20% (20/100) had de novo stage IV whereas 80% (80/100) had metastatic recurrence. 12% had gBRCA+ status; 72% were gBRCA wt type; and 16% had unknown gBRCA status. gBRCA+ patients were younger (49 vs. 57 years, p=0.02) but otherwise well matched to gBRCA wt including similar metastatic disease burden and prior treatments. No patients received a PARP inhibitor. With 31 months median follow-up, median overall survival was 21 months (95% CI [13-23] months) for all patients, 18 months (95% CI [15-27] months) for gBRCA wt patients and has not yet been reached for gBRCA+ patients (p=0.023). 3-year estimated OS is 63% in gBRCA+ versus 28% in gBRCA wt (p=0.02). On multivariate analysis, gBRCA+ was associated with reduced risk of death (HR=0.33; 95%CI [0.23-0.91], p=0.033). Conclusions: In patients with mTNBC gBRCA+ patients have a clinically significantly improved 3-year OS compared to gBRCA wt patients. Further research is needed to understand tumor and host biological reasons for this observation. As these patients are at risk for primary site progression and secondary breast and ovarian cancers, further research regarding the role of proactive surgical treatment in mTNBC with gBRCA mutation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78864176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-27DOI: 10.11648/J.JCTR.20190704.12
Lina Wu, Lilian Gao, Jinfen Han
Objectives: Following gastrointestinal cancer patients have attracted the attention of the mental health and quality of life in postoperation, we explore outcome associated with nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life associated with gastrointestinal cancer patient after chemotherapy by questionnaires. Methods: 78 patients diagnosed as gastrointestinal cancer from March 2018 to October 2019 were randomly assigned to control group and intervention group. We collected the information of mental health and quality of life of patients by Symptom Checklist-90 and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74. Additionally, the data was analyzed with statistics, t value and p value after collection, which the result can present the changing of mental health and quality of life associated with the nursing intervention. Result: the score of various factors of scl-9 in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Additionally, the score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life on patients who undergo chemotherapy. In addition, the nursing intervention can improve the outcome of treatment as more patients is willing to cooperate with the treatment arranged by the hospital.
{"title":"Effect of Nursing Intervention on Mental Health and Clinical Effect of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer","authors":"Lina Wu, Lilian Gao, Jinfen Han","doi":"10.11648/J.JCTR.20190704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCTR.20190704.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Following gastrointestinal cancer patients have attracted the attention of the mental health and quality of life in postoperation, we explore outcome associated with nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life associated with gastrointestinal cancer patient after chemotherapy by questionnaires. Methods: 78 patients diagnosed as gastrointestinal cancer from March 2018 to October 2019 were randomly assigned to control group and intervention group. We collected the information of mental health and quality of life of patients by Symptom Checklist-90 and Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74. Additionally, the data was analyzed with statistics, t value and p value after collection, which the result can present the changing of mental health and quality of life associated with the nursing intervention. Result: the score of various factors of scl-9 in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Additionally, the score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The nursing intervention improve the mental health and quality of life on patients who undergo chemotherapy. In addition, the nursing intervention can improve the outcome of treatment as more patients is willing to cooperate with the treatment arranged by the hospital.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"450 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77380901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.11648/J.JCTR.20190703.11
B. Baraka, Al Kharusi Suad, A. Abdulaziz
Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. In 2012, an estimated of 100,000 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States. The histopathology type is predominantly ductal in about 70–80% of patients followed by invasive lobular carcinoma in 5–15% of case. Invasive papillary carcinomas of the breast are rare, accounting for less than 1-2% of invasive breast cancers. Occasionally the disease is found in men as well. Papillary carcinoma most frequently occurs in older and post-menopausal women. Triple assessment is essential to reach the diagnosis. The typical sonographic appearance of IPC is of hypoechoic area with soft tissue echoes emerging from the wall of the cyst. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a luminal-type breast cancer with a propensity for lymphovascular invasion and regional lymph-node metastasis. Intracystic papillary breast cancer (IPC) is best managed in the context of a multidisciplinary team. Surgical excision of the lump with margins in excess of 2 mm is considered satisfactory. Many studies suggest that papillary carcinoma may have a better prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, the little available information about papillary carcinoma of the breast underscores the need for further management related studies.
{"title":"Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast Among Omani Women: A Case Series and a Literature Review","authors":"B. Baraka, Al Kharusi Suad, A. Abdulaziz","doi":"10.11648/J.JCTR.20190703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCTR.20190703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. In 2012, an estimated of 100,000 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States. The histopathology type is predominantly ductal in about 70–80% of patients followed by invasive lobular carcinoma in 5–15% of case. Invasive papillary carcinomas of the breast are rare, accounting for less than 1-2% of invasive breast cancers. Occasionally the disease is found in men as well. Papillary carcinoma most frequently occurs in older and post-menopausal women. Triple assessment is essential to reach the diagnosis. The typical sonographic appearance of IPC is of hypoechoic area with soft tissue echoes emerging from the wall of the cyst. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a luminal-type breast cancer with a propensity for lymphovascular invasion and regional lymph-node metastasis. Intracystic papillary breast cancer (IPC) is best managed in the context of a multidisciplinary team. Surgical excision of the lump with margins in excess of 2 mm is considered satisfactory. Many studies suggest that papillary carcinoma may have a better prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). However, the little available information about papillary carcinoma of the breast underscores the need for further management related studies.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79185306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.11648/J.JCTR.20190703.12
Traci Le Masters, S. Madhavan, U. Sambamoorthi
The purpose of this study is to determine how receipt of guideline-concordant care (GCC) is associated with breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) and non-breast cancer mortality (NBCM) among older women with breast cancer. The SEER-Medicare data was used to identify 142, 433 women age > 66 diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 2007-2011. Receipt of GCC was determined according to evidence-based treatment guidelines. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard multivariable regression models were used to estimate the association between GCC and the risk of BCSM, considering NBCM as a competing event, and NBCM, considering BCSM as a competing event, within five years of diagnosis or until end of follow-up. Among older women with breast cancer, 6.5% experienced BCSM and 11.9% experienced NBCM. GCC was associated with a 24% decreased risk of BCSM (AHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71-0.82), but a 80% increased risk of NBCM (AHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.70-1.92). Receipt of adjuvant endocrine therapy was associated with an increased risk of BCSM and a decreased risk for NBCM. Receipt of chemotherapy was associated with an increased risk for BCSM and NBCM, while radiation therapy was associated with a decreased risk of NBCM. Women with a pre-existing dementia, arthritis, hypertension, stroke and increased comorbidity burden had an increased risk for BCSM. Most older breast cancer patients do not receive GCC, yet relatively few die from breast cancer. While GCC does decrease the risk of BCSM, the decision to treat should be made considering the patients existing health status, given that pre-existing comorbidity increases the risk for both BCSM and NBCM. Mortality differences associated with specific types of treatment may be attributed to patient selection for treatment based on worse cancer prognostic factors.
{"title":"The Association Between Guideline-concordant Care and Risk for Breast Cancer and Non-breast Cancer Mortality Among Older Women with Breast Cancer","authors":"Traci Le Masters, S. Madhavan, U. Sambamoorthi","doi":"10.11648/J.JCTR.20190703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCTR.20190703.12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine how receipt of guideline-concordant care (GCC) is associated with breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) and non-breast cancer mortality (NBCM) among older women with breast cancer. The SEER-Medicare data was used to identify 142, 433 women age > 66 diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer between 2007-2011. Receipt of GCC was determined according to evidence-based treatment guidelines. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard multivariable regression models were used to estimate the association between GCC and the risk of BCSM, considering NBCM as a competing event, and NBCM, considering BCSM as a competing event, within five years of diagnosis or until end of follow-up. Among older women with breast cancer, 6.5% experienced BCSM and 11.9% experienced NBCM. GCC was associated with a 24% decreased risk of BCSM (AHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71-0.82), but a 80% increased risk of NBCM (AHR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.70-1.92). Receipt of adjuvant endocrine therapy was associated with an increased risk of BCSM and a decreased risk for NBCM. Receipt of chemotherapy was associated with an increased risk for BCSM and NBCM, while radiation therapy was associated with a decreased risk of NBCM. Women with a pre-existing dementia, arthritis, hypertension, stroke and increased comorbidity burden had an increased risk for BCSM. Most older breast cancer patients do not receive GCC, yet relatively few die from breast cancer. While GCC does decrease the risk of BCSM, the decision to treat should be made considering the patients existing health status, given that pre-existing comorbidity increases the risk for both BCSM and NBCM. Mortality differences associated with specific types of treatment may be attributed to patient selection for treatment based on worse cancer prognostic factors.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86482753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-09DOI: 10.11648/j.jctr.20190702.13
Megumi Yasuda, S. Kishimoto, Rika Ebara, Manabu Amano, S. Fukushima
Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, but CDDP often leads to nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical effectiveness. Magnesium (Mg) supplementation is recommended for the avoidance of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. However, there is a concern that exposing cancer cells to Mg may suppress the antitumor effect of CDDP. Methods: Transporter expression, intracellular platinum and Mg levels, and cytotoxicity of CDDP after Mg exposure were assessed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human ovarian carcinoma (2008) cells. Results: In HepG2 cells, Mg exposure significantly increased mRNA levels of multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), which mediates the renal excretion of CDDP, but did not alter its protein levels, including those of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), which mediates CDDP uptake in renal tubular and cancer cells, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), which mediates CDDP efflux in cancer cells. In 2008 cells, MATE1 protein expression could not be detected, but a slight increase in MRP2 and OCT1 protein expression was observed after Mg exposure. Intracellular Mg levels were significantly increased due to Mg exposure in both cells. However, intracellular platinum levels and cytotoxicity of CDDP were not affected in both cells, even with 2 mM Mg co-exposure. Conclusion: This study found that Mg exposure only slightly changed transporter expression and did not affect intracellular platinum levels and CDDP cytotoxicity in HepG2 and 2008 cells. Thus, Mg supplementation can be used to avoid CDDP-induced renal toxicity without affecting the accumulation of CDDP in cancer cells and its cytotoxicity.
背景:顺铂(Cisplatin, CDDP)是应用最广泛的抗癌药物之一，但CDDP常导致肾毒性，限制了其临床疗效。建议补充镁(Mg)以避免cddp引起的肾毒性。然而，有人担心将癌细胞暴露于Mg可能会抑制CDDP的抗肿瘤作用。方法:测定人肝癌(HepG2)和卵巢癌(2008)细胞中转运蛋白的表达、细胞内铂和Mg的水平以及Mg暴露后CDDP的细胞毒性。结果:在HepG2细胞中，Mg暴露显著增加了介导CDDP肾脏排泄的多药和毒素挤出1 (MATE1) mRNA水平，但没有改变其蛋白质水平，包括介导肾小管和癌细胞中CDDP摄取的有机阳离子转运蛋白1 (OCT1)和介导癌细胞中CDDP外排的多药耐药相关蛋白2 (MRP2)的mRNA水平。在2008细胞中，未检测到MATE1蛋白表达，但Mg暴露后，MRP2和OCT1蛋白表达略有增加。两种细胞均暴露于Mg后，细胞内Mg水平显著升高。然而，即使在2 mM Mg共暴露的情况下，细胞内铂水平和CDDP的细胞毒性在两个细胞中均未受到影响。结论:本研究发现Mg暴露仅轻微改变HepG2和2008细胞的转运蛋白表达，不影响细胞内铂水平和CDDP细胞毒性。因此，补充Mg可以避免CDDP诱导的肾毒性，而不影响CDDP在癌细胞中的积累及其细胞毒性。
{"title":"Effect of Magnesium Supplementation to Prevent Nephrotoxicity on the Antitumor Activity of Cisplatin","authors":"Megumi Yasuda, S. Kishimoto, Rika Ebara, Manabu Amano, S. Fukushima","doi":"10.11648/j.jctr.20190702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jctr.20190702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs, but CDDP often leads to nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical effectiveness. Magnesium (Mg) supplementation is recommended for the avoidance of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. However, there is a concern that exposing cancer cells to Mg may suppress the antitumor effect of CDDP. Methods: Transporter expression, intracellular platinum and Mg levels, and cytotoxicity of CDDP after Mg exposure were assessed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human ovarian carcinoma (2008) cells. Results: In HepG2 cells, Mg exposure significantly increased mRNA levels of multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1), which mediates the renal excretion of CDDP, but did not alter its protein levels, including those of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), which mediates CDDP uptake in renal tubular and cancer cells, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), which mediates CDDP efflux in cancer cells. In 2008 cells, MATE1 protein expression could not be detected, but a slight increase in MRP2 and OCT1 protein expression was observed after Mg exposure. Intracellular Mg levels were significantly increased due to Mg exposure in both cells. However, intracellular platinum levels and cytotoxicity of CDDP were not affected in both cells, even with 2 mM Mg co-exposure. Conclusion: This study found that Mg exposure only slightly changed transporter expression and did not affect intracellular platinum levels and CDDP cytotoxicity in HepG2 and 2008 cells. Thus, Mg supplementation can be used to avoid CDDP-induced renal toxicity without affecting the accumulation of CDDP in cancer cells and its cytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"2005 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.11648/J.JCTR.20190702.12
C. F. Albiach, E. Aranda, Alfonso Gomez Iturriaga-Piña, Amalia Ruiz, F. L. Campos, M. P. Martínez, R. Gómez, M. A. López, V. Fernandez, A. J. C. Moreno, Susana Ors, E. Flores, F. G. Piñón
The oligometastatic status in the prostate is a new entity of metastatic patients in which their treatment allows to improve survival over standard treatments. There are several theories about their biological origin, one of them being alterations in the expression of miRNas This. was a retrospective multicentre study undertaken in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer who were diagnosed and treated at one of 7 different Spanish healthcare centres. METHODS: The study included 22 patients; healthy and primary tumour biopsy tissue was analysed in 7+2 of them in order to determine if they had a characteristic microRNA expression profile. We quantified the expression of the following miRNAs: mir‑200a, mir‑200b, mir‑200c, mir‑210, mir‑95, mir‑96, mir‑654‑3p, mir‑543‑3p, mir‑21, mir‑16‑5p, mir‑191‑5p, and mir‑93‑5p, with the latter three being endogenous‑expression controls. RESULTS: Our results show that miRNA95, and to a lesser extent, miRNA654‑3p, were significantly underexpressed (or their expression was suppressed) in tumour tissue samples compared to normal perilesional tissue in all our patients; miRNA95 was underexpressed in 67% of the patients in our sample However, we detected no relationship between miRNA95 expression and the Gleason scores obtained for our patients. CONCLUSIONS: The simple size in our series are limited, but they do allow us to infer that there could be a specific miRNA expression signature in oligometastatic patients with prostate cancer, which may be of great interest in the development of future clinical trials and subsequent studies.
{"title":"MicroRNA95 May Be Involved in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer","authors":"C. F. Albiach, E. Aranda, Alfonso Gomez Iturriaga-Piña, Amalia Ruiz, F. L. Campos, M. P. Martínez, R. Gómez, M. A. López, V. Fernandez, A. J. C. Moreno, Susana Ors, E. Flores, F. G. Piñón","doi":"10.11648/J.JCTR.20190702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JCTR.20190702.12","url":null,"abstract":"The oligometastatic status in the prostate is a new entity of metastatic patients in which their treatment allows to improve survival over standard treatments. There are several theories about their biological origin, one of them being alterations in the expression of miRNas This. was a retrospective multicentre study undertaken in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer who were diagnosed and treated at one of 7 different Spanish healthcare centres. METHODS: The study included 22 patients; healthy and primary tumour biopsy tissue was analysed in 7+2 of them in order to determine if they had a characteristic microRNA expression profile. We quantified the expression of the following miRNAs: mir‑200a, mir‑200b, mir‑200c, mir‑210, mir‑95, mir‑96, mir‑654‑3p, mir‑543‑3p, mir‑21, mir‑16‑5p, mir‑191‑5p, and mir‑93‑5p, with the latter three being endogenous‑expression controls. RESULTS: Our results show that miRNA95, and to a lesser extent, miRNA654‑3p, were significantly underexpressed (or their expression was suppressed) in tumour tissue samples compared to normal perilesional tissue in all our patients; miRNA95 was underexpressed in 67% of the patients in our sample However, we detected no relationship between miRNA95 expression and the Gleason scores obtained for our patients. CONCLUSIONS: The simple size in our series are limited, but they do allow us to infer that there could be a specific miRNA expression signature in oligometastatic patients with prostate cancer, which may be of great interest in the development of future clinical trials and subsequent studies.","PeriodicalId":93775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer treatment and research","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77716575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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