Md Khairul Islam, Elizabeth Barbour, Cornelia Locher
Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) is a dominant forest tree endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. Its honey is appreciated for its highly desirable taste, golden colour, slow crystallisation, and high levels of bioactivity, which have placed Jarrah in the premium product range. However, whilst customers are willing to pay a high price for this natural product, there is currently no standard method for its authentication. As honey is naturally sourced from flower nectar, a novel route of authentication is to identify the nectar signature within the honey. This study reports on a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-based authentication system which allows the tracing of six key marker compounds present in Jarrah flower nectar and Jarrah honey. Four of these markers have been confirmed to be epigallocatechin, lumichrome, taxifolin and o-anisic acid with two (Rf 0.22 and 0.41) still chemically unidentified. To assist with the characterisation of Jarrah honey, a range of physicochemical tests following Codex Alimentarius guidelines were carried out. A blend of authenticated Jarrah honey samples was used to define the properties of this honey type. The blend was found to have a pH of 4.95, an electric conductivity of 1.31 mS/cm and a moisture content of 16.8%. Its water-insoluble content was 0.04%, its free acidity 19 milli-equivalents acid/kg and its diastase content 13.2 (DN). It also contains fructose (42.5%), glucose (20.8%), maltose (1.9%) and sucrose (<0.5%). The HPTLC-based authentication system proposed in this study has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for identifying Jarrah honey and might also act as a template for the authentication of other honey types.
{"title":"Authentication of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) honey through its nectar signature and assessment of its typical physicochemical characteristics","authors":"Md Khairul Islam, Elizabeth Barbour, Cornelia Locher","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.33","url":null,"abstract":"Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) is a dominant forest tree endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. Its honey is appreciated for its highly desirable taste, golden colour, slow crystallisation, and high levels of bioactivity, which have placed Jarrah in the premium product range. However, whilst customers are willing to pay a high price for this natural product, there is currently no standard method for its authentication. As honey is naturally sourced from flower nectar, a novel route of authentication is to identify the nectar signature within the honey. This study reports on a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-based authentication system which allows the tracing of six key marker compounds present in Jarrah flower nectar and Jarrah honey. Four of these markers have been confirmed to be epigallocatechin, lumichrome, taxifolin and o-anisic acid with two (Rf 0.22 and 0.41) still chemically unidentified. To assist with the characterisation of Jarrah honey, a range of physicochemical tests following Codex Alimentarius guidelines were carried out. A blend of authenticated Jarrah honey samples was used to define the properties of this honey type. The blend was found to have a pH of 4.95, an electric conductivity of 1.31 mS/cm and a moisture content of 16.8%. Its water-insoluble content was 0.04%, its free acidity 19 milli-equivalents acid/kg and its diastase content 13.2 (DN). It also contains fructose (42.5%), glucose (20.8%), maltose (1.9%) and sucrose (<0.5%). The HPTLC-based authentication system proposed in this study has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for identifying Jarrah honey and might also act as a template for the authentication of other honey types.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative for extracting bioactives, avoiding the use of flammable organic solvents and extreme temperatures and pH conditions. NADES rely on intermolecular interactions between hydrogen bonding donors (HBD) and hydrogen bonding acceptors (HBA) to form eutectic mixtures with significantly lower melting points than their individual components. These matrices are influenced by factors like water content, temperature, and component ratios. NADES high viscosity can hinder extractive efficiency, which can be mitigated by adding water or working at higher temperatures. However, excessive dilution with water may disrupt the supramolecular structure of NADES, reducing extraction efficiency. A notable feature of NADES is their fine-tunability for specific purposes. Adjusting physicochemical properties such as polarity, pH, and viscosity optimizes extraction efficiency by promoting the solubility of target molecules and interactions between the NADES and target molecules. NADES, unlike organic solvents, can partially disrupt plant and microalgae cell walls, enhancing permeability and extraction efficiency. Moreover, NADES can have a stabilising effect on bioactives and can enhance their biological activity and bioavailability. These attributes, coupled with their low environmental impact in terms of low toxicity and high biodegradability, make NADES attractive for biorefinery applications.
{"title":"Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the extraction of bioactives: emerging opportunities in biorefinery applications","authors":"Paula Jauregi, Leire Esnal-Yeregi, J. Labidi","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.32","url":null,"abstract":"Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative for extracting bioactives, avoiding the use of flammable organic solvents and extreme temperatures and pH conditions. NADES rely on intermolecular interactions between hydrogen bonding donors (HBD) and hydrogen bonding acceptors (HBA) to form eutectic mixtures with significantly lower melting points than their individual components. These matrices are influenced by factors like water content, temperature, and component ratios. NADES high viscosity can hinder extractive efficiency, which can be mitigated by adding water or working at higher temperatures. However, excessive dilution with water may disrupt the supramolecular structure of NADES, reducing extraction efficiency. A notable feature of NADES is their fine-tunability for specific purposes. Adjusting physicochemical properties such as polarity, pH, and viscosity optimizes extraction efficiency by promoting the solubility of target molecules and interactions between the NADES and target molecules. NADES, unlike organic solvents, can partially disrupt plant and microalgae cell walls, enhancing permeability and extraction efficiency. Moreover, NADES can have a stabilising effect on bioactives and can enhance their biological activity and bioavailability. These attributes, coupled with their low environmental impact in terms of low toxicity and high biodegradability, make NADES attractive for biorefinery applications.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agata Szpiech, Aleksandra Bojke, Małgorzata Littwin, Aleksandra Dzendrowska, Ewelina Duljas, Agnieszka Flasińska, Katarzyna Szczepańska, Tomasz Dziarkowski, G. Dembska, G. Pazikowska-Sapota, K. Galer-Tatarowicz, Benedykt Hac
Shipwrecks on the Baltic Sea seabed pose a serious threat to the marine environment. Fuel, ammunition and chemicals in their holds can enter the ecosystem at any time, causing an ecological disaster. It is known that oil spills from ship accidents can affect life and health of different species of animals, both immediately after catastrophe and for many years thereafter. This article discusses the negative impact of shipwrecks on the ecological status of the Baltic Sea and presents the contamination status of bottom sediment core samples taken in the vicinity of shipwrecks located in the South Baltic, i.e., S/s Stuttgart, t/s Franken, S/T Burgmeister Petersen and m/s Sleipner. It is based on the results of research carried out by the Maritime Institute between 2011 and 2016. Core samples were taken by a VKG-2 vibrating probe and analysed towards content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and total organic carbon (TOC). Seven PAHs and Seven PCBs were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. In order to determine the concentration of TPH, the SPE technique was applied followed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) analysis. TOC content was established by TOC analyser using infrared detection. Samples taken in the vicinity of the S/s Stuttgart shipwreck have shown the highest concentrations of all analysed parameters compared to the examined wrecks and significantly differed from the results typical for these areas. This studies have shown that the S/s Stuttgart shipwreck poses a serious threat to the marine environment of Baltic Sea and it is necessary to continue studies in this area and to perform a wider range of analysis.
{"title":"Baltic Sea shipwrecks as a source of hazardous pollution","authors":"Agata Szpiech, Aleksandra Bojke, Małgorzata Littwin, Aleksandra Dzendrowska, Ewelina Duljas, Agnieszka Flasińska, Katarzyna Szczepańska, Tomasz Dziarkowski, G. Dembska, G. Pazikowska-Sapota, K. Galer-Tatarowicz, Benedykt Hac","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.31","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Shipwrecks on the Baltic Sea seabed pose a serious threat to the marine environment. Fuel, ammunition and chemicals in their holds can enter the ecosystem at any time, causing an ecological disaster. It is known that oil spills from ship accidents can affect life and health of different species of animals, both immediately after catastrophe and for many years thereafter. This article discusses the negative impact of shipwrecks on the ecological status of the Baltic Sea and presents the contamination status of bottom sediment core samples taken in the vicinity of shipwrecks located in the South Baltic, i.e., S/s Stuttgart, t/s Franken, S/T Burgmeister Petersen and m/s Sleipner. It is based on the results of research carried out by the Maritime Institute between 2011 and 2016.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Core samples were taken by a VKG-2 vibrating probe and analysed towards content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and total organic carbon (TOC). Seven PAHs and Seven PCBs were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. In order to determine the concentration of TPH, the SPE technique was applied followed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) analysis. TOC content was established by TOC analyser using infrared detection.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Samples taken in the vicinity of the S/s Stuttgart shipwreck have shown the highest concentrations of all analysed parameters compared to the examined wrecks and significantly differed from the results typical for these areas. This studies have shown that the S/s Stuttgart shipwreck poses a serious threat to the marine environment of Baltic Sea and it is necessary to continue studies in this area and to perform a wider range of analysis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"124 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gew, Waye Juin Teoh, Li Lin Lein, Min Wen Lim, P. Cognet, M. K. Aroua
The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant species that is commonly used in culinary products, as it adds a natural purplish-blue tint to dishes without artificial food colourings and is rich in antioxidants. In this study, glycerol was employed as an extraction solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds from C. ternatea. Several studies have proven glycerol is an ideal green solvent to replace conventional solvents such as ethanol and methanol due to its ability to change the water polarity, thereby improving the extraction of bioactive compounds and recovering the polyphenols from natural products. We systematically reviewed the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of C. ternatea as a comparison to our study. Our results show that glycerol extract (GE) and glycerol/water extract (GWE) have demonstrated high phenolic and flavonoid profiles as compared to ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE). This study suggests glycerol as a promising extraction medium to extract higher concentrations of phytochemical contents from C. ternatea. It could be used as a natural source of antioxidant boosters, particularly in food preparation and cosmeceutical product development.
{"title":"Glycerol-based extracts of Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly Pea Flower) with enhanced antioxidant potential","authors":"L. Gew, Waye Juin Teoh, Li Lin Lein, Min Wen Lim, P. Cognet, M. K. Aroua","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.30","url":null,"abstract":"The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant species that is commonly used in culinary products, as it adds a natural purplish-blue tint to dishes without artificial food colourings and is rich in antioxidants. In this study, glycerol was employed as an extraction solvent for the extraction of phenolic compounds from C. ternatea. Several studies have proven glycerol is an ideal green solvent to replace conventional solvents such as ethanol and methanol due to its ability to change the water polarity, thereby improving the extraction of bioactive compounds and recovering the polyphenols from natural products. We systematically reviewed the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of C. ternatea as a comparison to our study. Our results show that glycerol extract (GE) and glycerol/water extract (GWE) have demonstrated high phenolic and flavonoid profiles as compared to ethanol extract (EE) and water extract (WE). This study suggests glycerol as a promising extraction medium to extract higher concentrations of phytochemical contents from C. ternatea. It could be used as a natural source of antioxidant boosters, particularly in food preparation and cosmeceutical product development.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139601213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the influence of deep eutectic solvent (DES) acidity/alkalinity on the extraction profiles of phenolics and other biomolecules (phytic acid, reducing sugar, and protein) in defatted rice bran (DFRB). The DES with varying pH levels were prepared using different hydrogen bond acceptors (choline chloride (ChCl) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3)) and hydrogen bond donors (lactic acid, urea, and glycerol). The results reveal that the acidic DES (ChCl-lactic acid; pH 0.42) demonstrated superior extraction efficiency for total phenolic acids (4.33 mg/g), phytic acid (50.30 mg/g), and reducing sugar (57.05 mg/g) while having the lowest protein content (5.96 mg/g). The alkaline DES (K2CO3-glycerol; pH 11.21) showed the highest levels of total phenolic acid (5.49 mg/g) and protein content (12.81 mg/g), with lower quantities of phytic acid (1.04 mg/g) and reducing sugar (2.28 mg/g). The weakly acidic DES (ChCl-glycerol; pH 4.72) exhibited predominantly total phenolics (3.46 mg/g) with lower content of protein (6.22 mg/g), reducing sugar (1.68 mg/g) and phytic acid (0.20 mg/g). The weakly alkaline DES (ChCl-urea; pH 8.41) resulted in lower extraction yields for total phenolics (2.81 mg/g), protein (7.45 mg/g), phytic acid (0.10 mg/g), and reducing sugar (7.36 mg/g). The study also explored the distribution of phenolics among various DESs, with the alkaline DES (K2CO3-glycerol) containing the highest concentration of free phenolics. Notably, ChCl-based DESs predominantly contained soluble esterified bound phenolics and soluble glycosylated bound phenolics. Furthermore, a significant correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents was observed. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the acidity and alkalinity of a DES significantly impact the extraction of phenolics and other value-added biomolecules in DFRB. These findings highlight the potential for manipulating the properties of DESs through pH variation, making them versatile solvents for extracting and isolating valuable compounds from agricultural by-products like DFRB and offering opportunities for sustainable utilization and value addition in various industries.
{"title":"Effect of acidity/alkalinity of deep eutectic solvents on the extraction profiles of phenolics and biomolecules in defatted rice bran extract","authors":"Piraporn Sombutsuwan, Erwann Durand, K. Aryusuk","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.29","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of deep eutectic solvent (DES) acidity/alkalinity on the extraction profiles of phenolics and other biomolecules (phytic acid, reducing sugar, and protein) in defatted rice bran (DFRB). The DES with varying pH levels were prepared using different hydrogen bond acceptors (choline chloride (ChCl) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3)) and hydrogen bond donors (lactic acid, urea, and glycerol). The results reveal that the acidic DES (ChCl-lactic acid; pH 0.42) demonstrated superior extraction efficiency for total phenolic acids (4.33 mg/g), phytic acid (50.30 mg/g), and reducing sugar (57.05 mg/g) while having the lowest protein content (5.96 mg/g). The alkaline DES (K2CO3-glycerol; pH 11.21) showed the highest levels of total phenolic acid (5.49 mg/g) and protein content (12.81 mg/g), with lower quantities of phytic acid (1.04 mg/g) and reducing sugar (2.28 mg/g). The weakly acidic DES (ChCl-glycerol; pH 4.72) exhibited predominantly total phenolics (3.46 mg/g) with lower content of protein (6.22 mg/g), reducing sugar (1.68 mg/g) and phytic acid (0.20 mg/g). The weakly alkaline DES (ChCl-urea; pH 8.41) resulted in lower extraction yields for total phenolics (2.81 mg/g), protein (7.45 mg/g), phytic acid (0.10 mg/g), and reducing sugar (7.36 mg/g). The study also explored the distribution of phenolics among various DESs, with the alkaline DES (K2CO3-glycerol) containing the highest concentration of free phenolics. Notably, ChCl-based DESs predominantly contained soluble esterified bound phenolics and soluble glycosylated bound phenolics. Furthermore, a significant correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents was observed. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the acidity and alkalinity of a DES significantly impact the extraction of phenolics and other value-added biomolecules in DFRB. These findings highlight the potential for manipulating the properties of DESs through pH variation, making them versatile solvents for extracting and isolating valuable compounds from agricultural by-products like DFRB and offering opportunities for sustainable utilization and value addition in various industries.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Ruesgas Ramon, Erwann Durand, K. García‐Sosa, L. Peña‐Rodríguez
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have garnered significant interest in natural products research, owing to their green and natural attributes in comparison to conventional solvents. However, the approach of demonstrating that DESs are superior extractants has led to an underestimation of their full potential in this field. This perspective disregards crucial challenges related to their practical application and potential scalability, mainly the difficulty of target component separation from intermolecular network forming by DESs. Conversely, the DESs unique features can enhance aspects such as solubilization, stabilization, and storage of natural products, as well as improve their biological activities. By addressing key challenges and limitations, we aim to provide valuable insights into the potential of DESs in this domain. In this review, we conducted an exhaustive literature search to gather relevant articles about DESs and their applications in bioactive natural product research. The gathered literature was analyzed, and a systematic thematic categorization was performed, emphasizing studies where the use of DESs yielded relevant outcomes that could potentially present an advantage in the exploration of bioactive natural products. The approach in structuring this review aimed to provide an overview of the potential and challenges associated with DESs in the domain of bioactive natural product research, transcending their conventional role as mere extraction solvents. Through this critical analysis of the literature, this review delves into the potential of DESs as effective solvents for the solubilization, stabilization, and storage of bioactive natural products. In addition, it highlights the ability of DESs to improve the biological activities of natural products, as well as to be used as formulation media for the transport of pharmaceutical active ingredients. By revealing these advances, the review contributes to a more complete understanding of DESs and its applicability in the field of bioactive natural products research. The studies compiled in this review underscore the expanded potential of DESs, beyond extraction, finding relevance in the realm of natural products research. Notably, they contribute to enhancing the desired attributes of the final product, signifying a promising avenue for future advancements in this field.
{"title":"Exploring the potential of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in bioactive natural product research: from DES to NaDES, THEDES, and beyond","authors":"Mariana Ruesgas Ramon, Erwann Durand, K. García‐Sosa, L. Peña‐Rodríguez","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.28","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have garnered significant interest in natural products research, owing to their green and natural attributes in comparison to conventional solvents. However, the approach of demonstrating that DESs are superior extractants has led to an underestimation of their full potential in this field. This perspective disregards crucial challenges related to their practical application and potential scalability, mainly the difficulty of target component separation from intermolecular network forming by DESs. Conversely, the DESs unique features can enhance aspects such as solubilization, stabilization, and storage of natural products, as well as improve their biological activities. By addressing key challenges and limitations, we aim to provide valuable insights into the potential of DESs in this domain.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this review, we conducted an exhaustive literature search to gather relevant articles about DESs and their applications in bioactive natural product research. The gathered literature was analyzed, and a systematic thematic categorization was performed, emphasizing studies where the use of DESs yielded relevant outcomes that could potentially present an advantage in the exploration of bioactive natural products. The approach in structuring this review aimed to provide an overview of the potential and challenges associated with DESs in the domain of bioactive natural product research, transcending their conventional role as mere extraction solvents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Through this critical analysis of the literature, this review delves into the potential of DESs as effective solvents for the solubilization, stabilization, and storage of bioactive natural products. In addition, it highlights the ability of DESs to improve the biological activities of natural products, as well as to be used as formulation media for the transport of pharmaceutical active ingredients. By revealing these advances, the review contributes to a more complete understanding of DESs and its applicability in the field of bioactive natural products research.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The studies compiled in this review underscore the expanded potential of DESs, beyond extraction, finding relevance in the realm of natural products research. Notably, they contribute to enhancing the desired attributes of the final product, signifying a promising avenue for future advancements in this field.\u0000","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolas Mazzella, Mariem Fadhlaoui, Aurélie Moreira, Soizic Morin
This study examines the polar lipid profiles of two freshwater algae, Scenedesmus costatus and Nitzschia palea . HILIC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to determine and quantify the major phospholipids and glycolipids, as well as their relative molecular species, extracted from the two microalgal cultures. Glycolipids were eluted first, followed by phospholipids partially co-eluting with a sulfoglycolipid. The fragmentation pattern in the negative ionization mode for galactolipids was studied, revealing the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone. Green algae frequently include 18:3 fatty acid in both phospholipids and galactolipids, while monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were more saturated and contained shorter acyls. The diatom phospholipids contained mainly molecular species with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, while MGDG and DGDG exhibited a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as the unique and abundant MGDG (20:5/20:2).
{"title":"Molecular species composition of polar lipids from two microalgae <i>Nitzschia palea</i> and <i>Scenedesmus costatus</i> using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS","authors":"Nicolas Mazzella, Mariem Fadhlaoui, Aurélie Moreira, Soizic Morin","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.27","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the polar lipid profiles of two freshwater algae, Scenedesmus costatus and Nitzschia palea . HILIC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to determine and quantify the major phospholipids and glycolipids, as well as their relative molecular species, extracted from the two microalgal cultures. Glycolipids were eluted first, followed by phospholipids partially co-eluting with a sulfoglycolipid. The fragmentation pattern in the negative ionization mode for galactolipids was studied, revealing the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone. Green algae frequently include 18:3 fatty acid in both phospholipids and galactolipids, while monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) were more saturated and contained shorter acyls. The diatom phospholipids contained mainly molecular species with saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, while MGDG and DGDG exhibited a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as the unique and abundant MGDG (20:5/20:2).","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135936500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abu-Dalo, A. Bozeya, Zaid Sawalmeh, B. Albiss, Nour Alnairat, R. Abu-Zurayk
In the present investigation, the preparation and characterization of polyamide/TiO2 as thin film nanocomposites (TFN) for brackish water desalination was investigated. TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a green method using thyme plant extract as a reducing and capping agent. The TiO2 NPs was successfully prepared in pure crystalline anatase phase with 15 nm size, and −33.1 mV zeta potential. The antimicrobial tests confirmed the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, TiO2 NPs showed a good photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue dye. TFN based on interfacial polymerization was enhanced by embedding 5% of the greenly synthesized TiO2 NPs within the polyamide thin film active layer. The incorporation of TiO2 NPs was confirmed by SEM, atomic force microscope (AFM), surface wettability, and FTIR. Membranes performance was investigated based on flux, salt rejection and fouling resistance. The antifouling was examined using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as protein fouling by dead-end cell filtration system at 2 bar. The results showed the TFN increased in water flux by 40.9% and a slight decrease in NaCl rejection (6.3%) was observed, with enhancement in antifouling properties. The flux recovery rate of the modified TFN membranes after fouling with BSA solution was enhanced by 21.5% (from 61.7% for TFC to 83.2% for TFN). Also, they demonstrated remarkable anti-biofouling behavior against both bacterial strains.
{"title":"Antifouling polymeric nanocomposite membrane based on interfacial polymerization of polyamide enhanced with green TiO2 nanoparticles for water desalination","authors":"M. Abu-Dalo, A. Bozeya, Zaid Sawalmeh, B. Albiss, Nour Alnairat, R. Abu-Zurayk","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.26","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, the preparation and characterization of polyamide/TiO2 as thin film nanocomposites (TFN) for brackish water desalination was investigated. TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a green method using thyme plant extract as a reducing and capping agent. The TiO2 NPs was successfully prepared in pure crystalline anatase phase with 15 nm size, and −33.1 mV zeta potential. The antimicrobial tests confirmed the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, TiO2 NPs showed a good photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue dye. TFN based on interfacial polymerization was enhanced by embedding 5% of the greenly synthesized TiO2 NPs within the polyamide thin film active layer. The incorporation of TiO2 NPs was confirmed by SEM, atomic force microscope (AFM), surface wettability, and FTIR. Membranes performance was investigated based on flux, salt rejection and fouling resistance. The antifouling was examined using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as protein fouling by dead-end cell filtration system at 2 bar. The results showed the TFN increased in water flux by 40.9% and a slight decrease in NaCl rejection (6.3%) was observed, with enhancement in antifouling properties. The flux recovery rate of the modified TFN membranes after fouling with BSA solution was enhanced by 21.5% (from 61.7% for TFC to 83.2% for TFN). Also, they demonstrated remarkable anti-biofouling behavior against both bacterial strains.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45944380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine in pharmaceutical formulations and industrial equipment cleaning rinse water using the enzyme glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase and the WAKO Phospholipids C assay kit was proposed. The method is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of α-GPC to choline by glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase, the reaction of choline with the components of the assay kit, and the colourimetric determination of the formed product. The calibration graph is linear in the range from 1 to 40 mg/l of α-GPC, the molar attenuation coefficient is 1,110 m2/mol, the limit of detection is 1 mg/l, the limit of quantification is 3.3 mg/l, the method is selective with respect to the common excipients, shows a good accuracy (the relative uncertainty does not exceed 7%) and precision (the relative standard deviation does not exceed 5.5%), does not require lengthy sample preparation and sophisticated laboratory equipment and is suitable for the routine analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and industrial equipment cleaning rinse water.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric determination of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine in pharmaceutical formulations and industrial equipment cleaning rinse water with the WAKO Phospholipids C assay kit","authors":"P. A. Nikolaychuk","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.24","url":null,"abstract":"A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine in pharmaceutical formulations and industrial equipment cleaning rinse water using the enzyme glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase and the WAKO Phospholipids C assay kit was proposed. The method is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of α-GPC to choline by glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase, the reaction of choline with the components of the assay kit, and the colourimetric determination of the formed product. The calibration graph is linear in the range from 1 to 40 mg/l of α-GPC, the molar attenuation coefficient is 1,110 m2/mol, the limit of detection is 1 mg/l, the limit of quantification is 3.3 mg/l, the method is selective with respect to the common excipients, shows a good accuracy (the relative uncertainty does not exceed 7%) and precision (the relative standard deviation does not exceed 5.5%), does not require lengthy sample preparation and sophisticated laboratory equipment and is suitable for the routine analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and industrial equipment cleaning rinse water.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subhajit Chakraborty, Ashwini Kumar Rawat, Amit Kumar Mishra, Debabrata Goswami
Using femtosecond-pulse-induced thermal lens spectroscopy (FTLS), we report a novel method for the quality measurements of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS). To sustain its effectiveness, the ABHS must contain the recommended concentration of alcohol content. We diluted the hand sanitizer with water to reduce the quantity of alcohol in the mixture and then performed thermal measurements on it. We performed both dual-beam Z-scan and time-resolved TL measurements to identify the alcoholic content in the ABHS. The thermal lens (TL) signal of the solvent is capable of detecting any relative change in the alcohol content in the mixture. Our technique, therefore, emerges as a sensitive tool for quality testing of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
{"title":"Quality assessment of the commercially available alcohol-based hand sanitizers with femtosecond thermal lens spectroscopy","authors":"Subhajit Chakraborty, Ashwini Kumar Rawat, Amit Kumar Mishra, Debabrata Goswami","doi":"10.7717/peerj-achem.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-achem.25","url":null,"abstract":"Using femtosecond-pulse-induced thermal lens spectroscopy (FTLS), we report a novel method for the quality measurements of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS). To sustain its effectiveness, the ABHS must contain the recommended concentration of alcohol content. We diluted the hand sanitizer with water to reduce the quantity of alcohol in the mixture and then performed thermal measurements on it. We performed both dual-beam Z-scan and time-resolved TL measurements to identify the alcoholic content in the ABHS. The thermal lens (TL) signal of the solvent is capable of detecting any relative change in the alcohol content in the mixture. Our technique, therefore, emerges as a sensitive tool for quality testing of alcohol-based hand sanitizers.","PeriodicalId":93804,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ analytical chemistry","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：