Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES最新文献

Objective: To explore the health determinants of all-cancer mortality from a health-ecological perspective.

Methods: Using the health-ecological model, we identified 15 health determinants across five domains: personal innate, behavioral, interpersonal network, socioeconomic, and macroenvironmental characteristics. Data on cancer outcomes and health determinants from 185 countries, classified using the Human Development Index (HDI), were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2022, the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory, the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the United Nations, and the World Bank. A multivariate linear regression model was used to estimate the association between health determinants and cancer outcomes.

Results: A total of 153 countries with complete information on cancer outcomes and health determinants were enrolled in the study. A higher all-cancer age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was associated with current tobacco use, alcohol consumption, obesity, agricultural employment, and lag-distributed income. In women aged 15-49 years, being married or in a union was associated with a lower ASMR. Early-onset ASMR was positively associated with agricultural employment, lag-distributed income, and unsafe sanitation. Notable sex differences were observed, although tobacco use and obesity were identified as risk factors in both sexes.

Conclusion: We underscore the crucial need to incorporate cross-sectoral interventions within a resilient healthcare system to effectively mitigate the cancer mortality burden.

Objective: To analyze trends in the depressive disorder burden across BRICS Plus countries and their associations with age, period, and cohort effects.

Methods: Prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimates of the depressive disorder burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2021. This study further assessed the period and cohort effects on depressive disorders from 1992 to 2021 using an age-period-cohort model.

Results: In 2021, 152.6 million people had depressive disorders across the BRICS Plus countries, showing an increase of 85.6% from 1990, which caused 23.7 million DALYs. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of depressive disorders declined by 4.1% from 1990 to 2019, followed by a substantial increase (11.3%) from 2019 to 2021. Furthermore, period and cohort effects showed that the depressive disorder burden increased over time and in the recent birth cohort. Meanwhile, the depressive disorder burden increased among adolescents, young adults, and older adults in the BRICS Plus group. Ultimately, projections for 2050 suggest a 150.0% increase in the ASPR.

Conclusion: This study revealed a heavy depressive disorder burden across BRICS Plus countries, especially among adolescents, young adults, and older adults. This highlights the need to strengthen specific public health strategies and policies targeting populations with different priorities.

The Chinese government promotes smoking cessation through smoking cessation clinics (SCCs). This study aimed to identify factors associated with relapse and provide evidence to inform interventions that reduce relapse risk. Participants were SCC patients aged ≥ 18 years who enrolled between June 2019 and December 2021, completed follow-up assessments at one and three months, and reported abstinence at one month. Short-term relapse was defined as self-reported smoking at the three-month follow-up. Treatments included counseling, first-line cessation medications, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with short-term relapse. Among 10,724 eligible SCC patients, 11.6% experienced short-term relapse. Factors positively associated with relapse included the number of previous quit attempts (1-5 attempts: OR = 1.422, 95% CI: 1.254-1.613, > 5 attempts: OR = 1.382, 95% CI: 1.057-1.808), high perceived difficulty in quitting ( OR = 1.297, 95% CI: 1.061-1.586), and moderate ( OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.174-1.629) or weak ( OR = 1.517, 95% CI: 1.251-1.841) willingness to quit. Factors negatively associated with relapse included having a college degree or higher ( OR = 0.796; 95% CI: 0.650-0.973), high confidence in quitting ( OR = 0.786; 95% CI: 0.629-0.983), and use of TCM ( OR = 0.276; 95% CI: 0.158-0.482). Enhancing self-efficacy in quitting appears crucial for preventing short-term relapse. The use of TCM may reduce relapse risk and warrants further investigation.

Objective: Telomere length is a key aging biomarker, but its sex-specific impact on individualized life expectancy remains uncertain. This study explores sex differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and individualized expected years of life lost (YLL).

Methods: A prospective cohort of 445,399 participants (203,731 males and 241,668 females) from the UK Biobank was analyzed. LTL values were log-transformed, and YLL was calculated using life tables. Multiple linear regression was applied to examine sex-specific associations.

Results: In males, each standard deviation (S.D.) increase in LTL was linked to a 0.965-year decrease in YLL (95% CI: -1.025, -0.900; P < 0.001). In females, longer LTL was related to a 0.102-year increase in YLL (95% CI: 0.057, 0.146; P < 0.001). Among postmenopausal females, LTL showed a protective effect similar to that in males (0.387-year decrease, 95% CI: -0.446, -0.328; P < 0.001), while premenopausal females exhibited a detrimental association (0.705-year increase, 95% CI: 0.625, 0.785; P < 0.001). Comparable trends were observed across major aging-related diseases, pointing to a consistent biological pattern.

Conclusion: The influence of LTL on life expectancy varies significantly by sex, with protective associations seen in males and postmenopausal females. This suggests hormonal involvement in telomere dynamics. The results support integrating sex-specific perspectives into aging and telomere research and clinical practice.

Objective: We examined the associations between obesity-related indices and the risk of diabetes progression from prediabetes in older adults, comparing the differences in using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Healthy Aging Evaluation Longitudinal Study conducted in China. At baseline, prediabetes (in participants without diabetes) was classified based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels using both criteria. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were categorized according to data distribution and diagnostic cut-off values, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios ( aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) for obesity-related indices and diabetes progression from prediabetes.

Results: Among the 1,127 participants classified as prediabetic according to the ADA criteria, 474 met the WHO criteria. Under ADA-defined prediabetes, the highest WC quartile (≥ 93 cm) was significantly associated with an increased diabetes risk ( aHR 1.93 [1.06, 3.53, P < 0.05]), whereas BMI-related and cut-off-based abdominal obesity demonstrated no significant associations ( P > 0.05). Under WHO-defined prediabetes, both the high tertile of WC (≥ 90 cm) and general obesity (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) were significantly associated with progression to diabetes ( P < 0.05), with aHR 2.13 (1.06, 4.27) and 2.44 (1.19, 5.01), respectively. However, cut-off-based abdominal obesity and the high BMI tertile (≥ 25.75 kg/m ²) were not significantly associated with diabetes progression ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Elevated WC, rather than BMI-based indices or cut-off-based abdominal obesity, was significantly associated with diabetes progression according to the ADA-defined prediabetes criteria. However, both the evaluated WC and general obesity predicted progression to diabetes according to the WHO criteria.