Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-04-29DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-111
Adriyan Pramono, Martha Ardiaria, Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi, Etika Ratna Noer, Endang Sri Lestari, Ferbian Milas Siswanto
Cumulative evidence suggests that intermittent fasting (IF) has beneficial effects on human metabolic health. It has been indicated that its impact on the gut microbiota may mediate these beneficial effects. As a result, we hypothesized that IF may impact the human gut microbiota. A systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol using the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. We registered our systematic review protocol in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42021270050. Human intervention studies published until April 30, 2023, were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment study tools for intervention studies. The search in the database returned 166 studies, of which 13 matched all criteria for the final qualitative analysis. The body of evidence suggests that IF modulates human gut microbiota alpha and beta diversity in lean (relatively healthy) and relatively healthy overweight/obese individuals but not in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, IF also alters human gut microbiota composition in all phenotypes. Of interest, the gut microbiota taxa or microbial metabolites after an IF intervention are associated with metabolic markers. According to this review, IF influences the diversity and taxonomic levels of the human gut microbiota. Individual metabolic phenotypes may alter the effect of IF on the diversity and taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota.
{"title":"Intermittent fasting modulates human gut microbiota diversity in a phenotype-dependent manner: a systematic review.","authors":"Adriyan Pramono, Martha Ardiaria, Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi, Etika Ratna Noer, Endang Sri Lestari, Ferbian Milas Siswanto","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-111","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cumulative evidence suggests that intermittent fasting (IF) has beneficial effects on human metabolic health. It has been indicated that its impact on the gut microbiota may mediate these beneficial effects. As a result, we hypothesized that IF may impact the human gut microbiota. A systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol using the PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. We registered our systematic review protocol in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42021270050. Human intervention studies published until April 30, 2023, were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment study tools for intervention studies. The search in the database returned 166 studies, of which 13 matched all criteria for the final qualitative analysis. The body of evidence suggests that IF modulates human gut microbiota alpha and beta diversity in lean (relatively healthy) and relatively healthy overweight/obese individuals but not in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, IF also alters human gut microbiota composition in all phenotypes. Of interest, the gut microbiota taxa or microbial metabolites after an IF intervention are associated with metabolic markers. According to this review, IF influences the diversity and taxonomic levels of the human gut microbiota. Individual metabolic phenotypes may alter the effect of IF on the diversity and taxonomic levels of the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigated and compared the prebiotic properties of a rice bran extract obtained through commercial xylanase extraction in comparison with water extraction. Prebiotic properties were evaluated by probiotic growth stimulation (Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) and gastrointestinal pathogen inhibition (Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli). The rice bran extract obtained with xylanase (RB1) displayed significantly higher total polysaccharide and total reducing sugar contents than those obtained with water (RB2; p<0.05). After extraction for 30 min, RB1 exhibited the highest total polysaccharide and total reducing sugar contents. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis revealed that RB1 primarily contained xylose, while RB2 contained less glucose and lacked other sugar derivatives. RB1 proved effective in stimulating the growth of L. casei and L. plantarum, surpassing even inulin (a commercial prebiotic). Furthermore, it demonstrated a high potential for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic B. cereus and E. coli, comparable to inulin. In contrast, RB2 exhibited lower inhibitory capacity against B. cereus and E. coli.
本研究对通过商业木聚糖酶提取和水提取获得的米糠提取物的益生特性进行了调查和比较。益生元特性通过刺激益生菌生长(干酪乳酸杆菌和植物乳杆菌)和抑制胃肠道病原体(蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌)进行评估。使用木聚糖酶(RB1)获得的米糠提取物的总多糖和总还原糖含量明显高于使用水(RB2;pL. casei 和 L. plantarum)获得的提取物,甚至超过了菊粉(一种商业益生元)。此外,它在抑制致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌生长方面的潜力也很高,与菊粉不相上下。相比之下,RB2 对蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的抑制能力较低。
{"title":"Determination of prebiotic properties of rice bran extract.","authors":"Thornthan Sawangwan, Daleena Kajadman, Ratchanon Kulchananimit","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-090","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research investigated and compared the prebiotic properties of a rice bran extract obtained through commercial xylanase extraction in comparison with water extraction. Prebiotic properties were evaluated by probiotic growth stimulation (<i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>) and gastrointestinal pathogen inhibition (<i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>). The rice bran extract obtained with xylanase (RB1) displayed significantly higher total polysaccharide and total reducing sugar contents than those obtained with water (RB2; p<0.05). After extraction for 30 min, RB1 exhibited the highest total polysaccharide and total reducing sugar contents. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis revealed that RB1 primarily contained xylose, while RB2 contained less glucose and lacked other sugar derivatives. RB1 proved effective in stimulating the growth of <i>L. casei</i> and <i>L. plantarum</i>, surpassing even inulin (a commercial prebiotic). Furthermore, it demonstrated a high potential for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic <i>B. cereus</i> and <i>E. coli,</i> comparable to inulin. In contrast, RB2 exhibited lower inhibitory capacity against <i>B. cereus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum N793 (N793) is a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from corn. We previously showed that N793 increases the level of keratinocyte growth factor, which is required for hair growth, in the culture supernatant of human follicle dermal papilla cells. Additionally, an open-label, single-arm study reported that applying a lotion containing N793 to the scalp for 24 weeks improved hair density in men and women with thinning hair. The present study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study aimed at verifying the efficacy of N793 for thinning hair. A lotion containing N793, and a control lotion (placebo) were applied once daily for 24 weeks to 104 healthy Japanese men and women. Analysis of all participants revealed no difference in hair density between the N793 and placebo groups. However, an additional analysis limited to participants with relatively mild progression of thinning hair showed a significantly better hair density in the N793 group than in the placebo group. These findings suggest that topical application of N793 improves thinning hair in men and women when the condition's progression is relatively mild.
{"title":"Effect of applying <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> subsp. <i>plantarum</i> N793 to the scalps of men and women with thinning hair: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.","authors":"Ayaka Mori-Ichioka, Yosuke Sunada, Takashi Koikeda, Hideo Matsuda, Shinji Matsuo","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-056","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> subsp. <i>plantarum</i> N793 (N793) is a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from corn. We previously showed that N793 increases the level of keratinocyte growth factor, which is required for hair growth, in the culture supernatant of human follicle dermal papilla cells. Additionally, an open-label, single-arm study reported that applying a lotion containing N793 to the scalp for 24 weeks improved hair density in men and women with thinning hair. The present study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study aimed at verifying the efficacy of N793 for thinning hair. A lotion containing N793, and a control lotion (placebo) were applied once daily for 24 weeks to 104 healthy Japanese men and women. Analysis of all participants revealed no difference in hair density between the N793 and placebo groups. However, an additional analysis limited to participants with relatively mild progression of thinning hair showed a significantly better hair density in the N793 group than in the placebo group. These findings suggest that topical application of N793 improves thinning hair in men and women when the condition's progression is relatively mild.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimoto-type Japanese rice wine (sake) has a wide variety of flavors, as the predominant microbes, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and nitrate-reducing bacteria, that spontaneously proliferate in the fermentation starter vary depending on the brewery. In this study, we traced the microbiota in four lots of starters manufactured in a newly established brewery and evaluated the lot-to-lot variation and characteristics of the microbiota in the brewery. The results of a 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon analysis showed that the starters brewed in the second brewing year had a more diverse microbiota than those in the first brewing year. Among the LAB predominated at the middle production stage, lactococci, including Leuconostoc spp., were detected in all the lots, while lactobacilli predominated for the first time in the second year. These results suggest that repeated brewing increased microbial diversity and altered the microbial transition pattern in the kimoto-style fermentation starters. Phylogenetic analyses for the LAB isolates from each starter identified Leuconostoc suionicum, Leuconostoc citreum, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as predominant lactococci as well as a unique lactobacillus in place of Latilactobacillus sakei. We also found that a rice koji-derived Staphylococcus gallinarum with nitrate-reducing activity was generally predominant during the early production stage, suggesting that there was a case in which staphylococci played a role in nitrite production in the starters. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the diversity of microbiota in kimoto-type sake brewing and enable control of the microbiota for consistent sake quality.
{"title":"Lot-to-lot variation in the microbiota during the brewing process of <i>kimoto</i>-type Japanese rice wine.","authors":"Momoka Yamane, Shuntaro Sakai, Miho Hirai, Mizuki Takayama, Kohya Sasayama, Kazutoshi Douchi, Shinji Kawabata, Shinya Ikeda, Masayuki Sugawara","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-092","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Kimoto</i>-type Japanese rice wine (<i>sake</i>) has a wide variety of flavors, as the predominant microbes, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and nitrate-reducing bacteria, that spontaneously proliferate in the fermentation starter vary depending on the brewery. In this study, we traced the microbiota in four lots of starters manufactured in a newly established brewery and evaluated the lot-to-lot variation and characteristics of the microbiota in the brewery. The results of a 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon analysis showed that the starters brewed in the second brewing year had a more diverse microbiota than those in the first brewing year. Among the LAB predominated at the middle production stage, lactococci, including <i>Leuconostoc</i> spp., were detected in all the lots, while lactobacilli predominated for the first time in the second year. These results suggest that repeated brewing increased microbial diversity and altered the microbial transition pattern in the <i>kimoto</i>-style fermentation starters. Phylogenetic analyses for the LAB isolates from each starter identified <i>Leuconostoc suionicum, Leuconostoc citreum</i>, and <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> as predominant lactococci as well as a unique lactobacillus in place of <i>Latilactobacillus sakei</i>. We also found that a rice <i>koji</i>-derived <i>Staphylococcus gallinarum</i> with nitrate-reducing activity was generally predominant during the early production stage, suggesting that there was a case in which staphylococci played a role in nitrite production in the starters. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the diversity of microbiota in <i>kimoto</i>-type <i>sake</i> brewing and enable control of the microbiota for consistent <i>sake</i> quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-21DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-068
Yang Ping, Jianing Liu, Huilin Wang, Yan Wang, Hongbin Qiu, Yu Zhang
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific autoimmune disease related to genetic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies have found that the intestinal flora is one of the important environmental factors in the development of T1D. The gut microbiota is the largest microbiota in the human body and has a significant impact on material and energy metabolism. Related studies have found that the intestinal floras of T1D patients are unbalanced. Compared with normal patients, the abundance of beneficial bacteria is reduced, and various pathogenic bacteria are significantly increased, affecting the occurrence and development of diabetes. Medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a multicomponent, multitarget, and biphasic regulatory effect. Its chemical composition can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, improve the diversity of the intestinal flora, reduce blood sugar, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating T1D by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites. Therefore, based on a review of T1D, intestinal flora, and TCM derived from medicine and food, this review describes the relationship between T1D and the intestinal flora, as well as the research progress of TCM interventions for T1D through regulation of the intestinal flora. Medicine and food homologous TCM has certain advantages in treating diabetes and regulating the intestinal flora. It can be seen that there is still great research space and broad development prospects for the treatment of diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora with drug and food homologous TCM.
{"title":"Research progress in the treatment of an immune system disease-type 1 diabetes-by regulating the intestinal flora with Chinese medicine and food homologous drugs.","authors":"Yang Ping, Jianing Liu, Huilin Wang, Yan Wang, Hongbin Qiu, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-068","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific autoimmune disease related to genetic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies have found that the intestinal flora is one of the important environmental factors in the development of T1D. The gut microbiota is the largest microbiota in the human body and has a significant impact on material and energy metabolism. Related studies have found that the intestinal floras of T1D patients are unbalanced. Compared with normal patients, the abundance of beneficial bacteria is reduced, and various pathogenic bacteria are significantly increased, affecting the occurrence and development of diabetes. Medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a multicomponent, multitarget, and biphasic regulatory effect. Its chemical composition can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, improve the diversity of the intestinal flora, reduce blood sugar, and achieve the purpose of preventing and treating T1D by regulating the intestinal flora and its metabolites. Therefore, based on a review of T1D, intestinal flora, and TCM derived from medicine and food, this review describes the relationship between T1D and the intestinal flora, as well as the research progress of TCM interventions for T1D through regulation of the intestinal flora. Medicine and food homologous TCM has certain advantages in treating diabetes and regulating the intestinal flora. It can be seen that there is still great research space and broad development prospects for the treatment of diabetes by regulating the intestinal flora with drug and food homologous TCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulva, an edible green alga, contains sulfated polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-allergic effects of Ulva-derived samples of polysaccharides (UP), oligosaccharides (UO), and residues (UR) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Oral treatment of mice with UP, UO, and UR (250 mg/kg body weight) daily noticeably improved the DTH reaction as evidenced by attenuation of footpad swelling and cell infiltration at the allergen-challenge site. Although the Ulva samples had limited impacts on the production of serum total IgG, decreased concentrations of allergen-specific IgG and IgG2a and an increased concentration of IgG1 were observed in the treated mice. Moreover, treatment with them suppressed allergen-induced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion and elevated IL-4 secretion. However, none of the Ulva sample treatments could modulate the production of IL-10. Concordantly, the in situ data reveal that the Ulva sample treatments suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α expression at the allergen-injection site. These findings collectively suggest the potential of UP, UO, and UR as functional food candidates for the management of delayed-type hypersensitivity.
{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of <i>Ulva</i>-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and residues in a murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity.","authors":"Jing-Yi Ou, Fang-Ling Liu, Chien-Li Chen, Ming-Chih Fang, Chung-Hsiung Huang","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-065","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ulva</i>, an edible green alga, contains sulfated polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-allergic effects of <i>Ulva</i>-derived samples of polysaccharides (UP), oligosaccharides (UO), and residues (UR) on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Oral treatment of mice with UP, UO, and UR (250 mg/kg body weight) daily noticeably improved the DTH reaction as evidenced by attenuation of footpad swelling and cell infiltration at the allergen-challenge site. Although the <i>Ulva</i> samples had limited impacts on the production of serum total IgG, decreased concentrations of allergen-specific IgG and IgG<sub>2a</sub> and an increased concentration of IgG<sub>1</sub> were observed in the treated mice. Moreover, treatment with them suppressed allergen-induced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion and elevated IL-4 secretion. However, none of the <i>Ulva</i> sample treatments could modulate the production of IL-10. Concordantly, the <i>in situ</i> data reveal that the <i>Ulva</i> sample treatments suppressed IFN-γ and TNF-α expression at the allergen-injection site. These findings collectively suggest the potential of UP, UO, and UR as functional food candidates for the management of delayed-type hypersensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-04-09DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-091
Shino Takeuchi, Mohammad Shaokat Ali, Yoshihiko Tanimoto, Eriko Kage-Nakadai
Lactococcus kimchii is isolated from commercial kimchi, which is a traditional Korean fermented food. This study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effects of L. kimchii. Caenorhabditis elegans was fed L. kimchii, and its longevity, motility, and gene expression were examined. When fed a 1:1 mixture of Escherichia coli OP50 and L. kimchii (OP+LK), C. elegans had a significantly longer lifespan and increased locomotion than when it was fed OP alone. There was no significant difference in brood size between the OP+LK and OP groups, suggesting that these effects occurred in a dietary restriction-independent manner. RNA sequencing and Gene Ontology analysis showed that the expression of ins-20, an insulin-like peptide and agonist of the insulin receptor, was significantly upregulated in the OP+LK group. The ins-20 mutation annulled the effects of OP+LK on lifespan extension and motility. In addition, OP+LK failed to extend the lifespan of C. elegans deficient in daf-2, a receptor for the insulin-like signaling pathway. These results suggest that L. kimchii extends the lifespan and alleviates motility decline in C. elegans through the insulin signaling pathway, highlighting the potential of using L. kimchii as a beneficial bacterium for probiotics and postbiotics.
泡菜是从韩国传统发酵食品--商业泡菜中分离出来的。本研究旨在评估泡菜乳球菌的益生作用。用泡菜球菌喂养秀丽隐杆线虫,并对其寿命、运动能力和基因表达进行了检测。当饲喂大肠杆菌 OP50 和 L. kimchii 的 1:1 混合物(OP+LK)时,秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命明显比单独饲喂 OP 时更长,运动能力也更强。OP+LK组与OP组在育雏规模上没有明显差异,表明这些影响是以不依赖于饮食限制的方式产生的。RNA 测序和基因本体分析表明,胰岛素样肽和胰岛素受体激动剂 ins-20 的表达在 OP+LK 组显著上调。ins-20突变取消了OP+LK对寿命延长和运动能力的影响。此外,OP+LK 未能延长缺乏胰岛素样信号通路受体 daf-2 的秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。这些结果表明,L. kimchii可通过胰岛素信号通路延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命并缓解其运动能力的下降,这凸显了将L. kimchii作为益生菌和益后生菌的潜力。
{"title":"<i>Lactococcus kimchii</i> extends lifespan and alleviates motility decline in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> through <i>ins-20</i>, an insulin-like peptide gene.","authors":"Shino Takeuchi, Mohammad Shaokat Ali, Yoshihiko Tanimoto, Eriko Kage-Nakadai","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-091","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactococcus kimchii</i> is isolated from commercial kimchi, which is a traditional Korean fermented food. This study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effects of <i>L. kimchii</i>. <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> was fed <i>L. kimchii</i>, and its longevity, motility, and gene expression were examined. When fed a 1:1 mixture of <i>Escherichia coli</i> OP50 and <i>L. kimchii</i> (OP+LK), <i>C. elegans</i> had a significantly longer lifespan and increased locomotion than when it was fed OP alone. There was no significant difference in brood size between the OP+LK and OP groups, suggesting that these effects occurred in a dietary restriction-independent manner. RNA sequencing and Gene Ontology analysis showed that the expression of <i>ins-20</i>, an insulin-like peptide and agonist of the insulin receptor, was significantly upregulated in the OP+LK group. The <i>ins-20</i> mutation annulled the effects of OP+LK on lifespan extension and motility. In addition, OP+LK failed to extend the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> deficient in <i>daf-2</i>, a receptor for the insulin-like signaling pathway. These results suggest that <i>L. kimchii</i> extends the lifespan and alleviates motility decline in <i>C. elegans</i> through the insulin signaling pathway, highlighting the potential of using <i>L. kimchii</i> as a beneficial bacterium for probiotics and postbiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-15DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-084
Yutaka Makizaki, Mana Kishimoto, Yoshiki Tanaka, Hiroshi Ohno
Constipation is strongly associated with the deterioration of quality of life (QOL), and patients with constipation desire clear spontaneous defecation without the feeling of incomplete evacuation, rather than improved defecation frequency. The use of common osmotic or stimulant laxatives has not been shown to lead to a satisfactory improvement of bowel movements. In addition, softening of stools by increasing their water content has been reported to increase the frequency of spontaneous defecation and improve hard stools, straining during defecation, and abdominal symptoms, such as abdominal bloating, thereby leading to improvement of QOL deterioration caused by constipation. Thus, the present study screened bacterial strains in vitro using intestinal epithelial T84 cells, aiming to identify one that activates chloride channels involved in water secretion into the intestinal tract. As a result, the conditioned medium of Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 was found to induce ion transport. Also, this effect was suppressed by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (inh)-172, a CFTR chloride channel inhibitor. Furthermore, both live and heat-killed CLA8013 similarly induced ion transport, suggesting that bacterial cell components are responsible for the effect. In addition, the administration of heat-killed CLA8013 to loperamide-induced constipation rats resulted in an increase in fecal water content and promoted defecation. These results suggest that the active components in CLA8013 act on CFTR chloride channels in the intestinal tract, promote water secretion into the intestinal tract, and soften stools, thereby promoting bowel movements.
{"title":"Activation of chloride channels and promotion of bowel movements by heat-killed <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> CLA8013.","authors":"Yutaka Makizaki, Mana Kishimoto, Yoshiki Tanaka, Hiroshi Ohno","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-084","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constipation is strongly associated with the deterioration of quality of life (QOL), and patients with constipation desire clear spontaneous defecation without the feeling of incomplete evacuation, rather than improved defecation frequency. The use of common osmotic or stimulant laxatives has not been shown to lead to a satisfactory improvement of bowel movements. In addition, softening of stools by increasing their water content has been reported to increase the frequency of spontaneous defecation and improve hard stools, straining during defecation, and abdominal symptoms, such as abdominal bloating, thereby leading to improvement of QOL deterioration caused by constipation. Thus, the present study screened bacterial strains <i>in vitro</i> using intestinal epithelial T84 cells, aiming to identify one that activates chloride channels involved in water secretion into the intestinal tract. As a result, the conditioned medium of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> CLA8013 was found to induce ion transport. Also, this effect was suppressed by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (inh)-172, a CFTR chloride channel inhibitor. Furthermore, both live and heat-killed CLA8013 similarly induced ion transport, suggesting that bacterial cell components are responsible for the effect. In addition, the administration of heat-killed CLA8013 to loperamide-induced constipation rats resulted in an increase in fecal water content and promoted defecation. These results suggest that the active components in CLA8013 act on CFTR chloride channels in the intestinal tract, promote water secretion into the intestinal tract, and soften stools, thereby promoting bowel movements.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How bifidobacteria colonize and survive in the intestine is not fully understood. The administration of bifidobacteria to conventional mice can be used to evaluate their ability to colonize the intestine in the presence of endogenous gut microbiota. However, human-derived bifidobacteria do not readily colonize the intestines of conventional mice, and although colonization by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 has been achieved, the viability of such populations requires improvement. Therefore, we aimed to establish a colonization system with human-derived bifidobacteria of high viability in conventional mice using Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 105-A. Lactose, raffinose, and 1-kestose were identified as the preferred carbohydrate sources for the growth of this strain in culture. The administration of B. longum 105-A to conventional BALB/c mice fed these carbohydrates showed that diets containing 6% (w/w) raffinose or 1-kestose facilitated colonization with >108 colony-forming units/g feces for 2 weeks. The population of this strain was more stable in the raffinose-fed group than in the 1-kestose-fed group. The ingestion of these prebiotics had a greater impact on the composition of the microbiota than the administration of B. longum 105-A. The ingestion of these prebiotics also increased the fecal concentrations of organic acids, which was indicative of greater intestinal fermentation. Collectively, we established a colonization system for B. longum 105-A with high viability in conventional mice by feeding the mice raffinose or 1-kestose. This system should be useful for elucidation of the mechanisms of colonization and survival of bifidobacteria in the intestines in the presence of the endogenous gut microbiota.
{"title":"Development of an improved colonization system for human-derived <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>longum</i> in conventional mice through the feeding of raffinose or 1-kestose.","authors":"Mina Shimada, Youhei Kawase, Kei Sonoyama, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Tetsuya Hayashi, Atsushi Yokota, Satoru Fukiya","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-055","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How bifidobacteria colonize and survive in the intestine is not fully understood. The administration of bifidobacteria to conventional mice can be used to evaluate their ability to colonize the intestine in the presence of endogenous gut microbiota. However, human-derived bifidobacteria do not readily colonize the intestines of conventional mice, and although colonization by <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> UCC2003 has been achieved, the viability of such populations requires improvement. Therefore, we aimed to establish a colonization system with human-derived bifidobacteria of high viability in conventional mice using <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>longum</i> 105-A. Lactose, raffinose, and 1-kestose were identified as the preferred carbohydrate sources for the growth of this strain in culture. The administration of <i>B. longum</i> 105-A to conventional BALB/c mice fed these carbohydrates showed that diets containing 6% (w/w) raffinose or 1-kestose facilitated colonization with >10<sup>8</sup> colony-forming units/g feces for 2 weeks. The population of this strain was more stable in the raffinose-fed group than in the 1-kestose-fed group. The ingestion of these prebiotics had a greater impact on the composition of the microbiota than the administration of <i>B. longum</i> 105-A. The ingestion of these prebiotics also increased the fecal concentrations of organic acids, which was indicative of greater intestinal fermentation. Collectively, we established a colonization system for <i>B. longum</i> 105-A with high viability in conventional mice by feeding the mice raffinose or 1-kestose. This system should be useful for elucidation of the mechanisms of colonization and survival of bifidobacteria in the intestines in the presence of the endogenous gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN13T is a probiotic plant-derived lactic acid bacterium that can grow in various medicinal plant extracts. In this study, we fermented an aqueous extract of gardenia fructus, the fruit of a medicinal plant, with SN13T, such that the bioactivity of the extract was potentiated after fermentation to suppress the release of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as downregulate inflammatory genes in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. This increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was mediated through bioconversion of the iridoid glycoside geniposide to its aglycone genipin via the supposed hydrolytic action of β-glucosidases harbored by SN13T. In the complete genome of SN13T, ten putative genes encoding β-glucosidases of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 1 organized among eight gene operons were identified. Transcriptional profiling revealed that two 6-phospho-β-glucosidase genes, pbg9 and SN13T_1925, located adjacently in the gene operon SN13T_1923, were transcribed significantly more than the remaining genes during fermentation of the gardenia extract. This suggests the role of these β-glucosidases in bioconversion of geniposide to genipin and the subsequent enhanced bioactivity of the gardenia fructus extract after fermentation with SN13T.
{"title":"Transcriptional profiling of geniposide bioconversion into genipin during gardenia fructus extract fermentation by <i>Lactobacillus (Lactiplantibacillus) plantarum</i> SN13T.","authors":"Shrijana Shakya, Narandalai Danshiitsoodol, Masafumi Noda, Masanori Sugiyama","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-066","DOIUrl":"10.12938/bmfh.2023-066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> SN13T is a probiotic plant-derived lactic acid bacterium that can grow in various medicinal plant extracts. In this study, we fermented an aqueous extract of gardenia fructus, the fruit of a medicinal plant, with SN13T, such that the bioactivity of the extract was potentiated after fermentation to suppress the release of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as downregulate inflammatory genes in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. This increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was mediated through bioconversion of the iridoid glycoside geniposide to its aglycone genipin via the supposed hydrolytic action of β-glucosidases harbored by SN13T. In the complete genome of SN13T, ten putative genes encoding β-glucosidases of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 1 organized among eight gene operons were identified. Transcriptional profiling revealed that two 6-phospho-β-glucosidase genes, <i>pbg9</i> and <i>SN13T_1925</i>, located adjacently in the gene operon <i>SN13T_1923</i>, were transcribed significantly more than the remaining genes during fermentation of the gardenia extract. This suggests the role of these β-glucosidases in bioconversion of geniposide to genipin and the subsequent enhanced bioactivity of the gardenia fructus extract after fermentation with SN13T.</p>","PeriodicalId":93908,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of microbiota, food and health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10981940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}