Bone最新文献

For patients with advanced cancer and bone metastases, antiresorptive medications (ARMs) and antiangiogenic medications (AGMs) are commonly employed to manage tumor progression and skeletal complications. This study evaluates the effects of distinct pharmacotherapeutic strategies-ARM monotherapy versus ARM/AGM combination therapy on surgical outcomes of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in this population. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 157 patients: 106 received ARM monotherapy, and 51 underwent combined ARM/AGM treatment. Demographic data, MRONJ characteristics, and quality of life (QoL) metrics were systematically collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Univariate analysis revealed that the ARM group had a higher proportion of females, longer antiresorptive therapy duration, and more favorable outcomes, including reduced postoperative pain and improved QoL compared to the ARM+AGM group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the ARM+AGM group exhibited a 2.8-fold increased recurrence risk relative to the ARM group, with outcomes significantly influenced by medication strategy, disease stage, and surgical approach. These findings indicate that combined ARM+AGM therapy is associated with a poorer prognosis and heightened recurrence risk in MRONJ patients compared to ARM monotherapy.

Electroacupuncture has demonstrated established efficacy in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, yet the central mechanisms underlying its action via the brain-bone axis remain incompletely understood. This study employed multimodal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neurofunctional changes induced by electroacupuncture in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to electroacupuncture, sham, and model (ovariectomized) groups. The electroacupuncture group received an 8-week intervention at acupoints GB30, GB34, and GB39. We assessed brain function through amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, and region-of-interest functional connectivity, while simultaneously measuring serum bone turnover markers via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results demonstrated that electroacupuncture significantly improved bone microstructure and reduced bone resorption marker levels. Neuroimaging revealed enhanced cerebellar neural activity which correlated negatively with bone resorption, alongside decreased neural synchronization in the entorhinal cortex. Furthermore, strengthened functional connectivity between entorhinal and visual cortices positively correlated with bone formation markers, while weakened somatosensory-cerebellar connectivity correlated with reduced bone resorption. Bayesian mediation analysis provided strong statistical evidence for the role of the entorhinal-visual pathway involvement in bone formation regulation and cerebellar mediation of bone resorption suppression. These findings systematically reveal the association between electroacupuncture-induced brain functional reorganization and bone metabolic improvements, offering new insights into the role of the brain-bone axis in osteoporosis management.

Aim DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) dynamics are pivotal for tooth differentiation. However, the 5mC landscape during human dental pulp cell (hDPCs) odontoblastic differentiation and the role of Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1)-mediated 5mC regulation remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize methylation dynamics and identify TET1-regulated drivers of odontoblastic differentiation.

Methodology: Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled by microarray, and hydroxymethylation changes after TET1 knockdown were assessed by hMeDIP-seq.

Results: Methylation and demethylation maintained a dynamic equilibrium during odontoblastic differentiation. A total of 9752 differentially methylated genes were identified and were enriched in pathways related to mesenchymal stem cell and ameloblast differentiation and neurotrophin signaling. hMeDIP-seq demonstrated that TET1 knockdown in hDPCs resulted in 2237 peaks with decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels and 3285 peaks with increased 5hmC levels compared to controls, corresponding to 1477 hypo-hydroxymethylated genes and 1905 hyper-hydroxymethylated genes. Integrated analysis of hypo-methylated genes and hypo-hydroxymethylated genes identified 88 overlapping candidates. Functional enrichment analyses highlighted tooth mineralization, osteoblast differentiation, TGF-β, and Wnt pathways. Among these, CAMK2G, NFATC4, and SFRP2 were specifically enriched in Wnt signaling and exhibited reduced 5hmC levels after TET1 knockdown. scRNA-seq data further confirmed increased expression of these three genes during odontoblast differentiation.

Conclusions: This study delineated the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape during odontoblastic differentiation and identifies CAMK2G, NFATC4, and SFRP2 as novel TET1-regulated epigenetic drivers via 5hmC modification. These findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for epigenetic intervention in dentin regeneration and dental tissue engineering.

Background: Glass fiber-reinforced composite-bioactive glass (FRC-BG) implants are emerging as an alternative to autologous bone grafts with the potential for new bone formation and ingrowth from the surrounding skull. However, clinical evidence of osseointegration remains to be demonstrated.

Objective: To evaluate radiological measures of osseointegration of FRC-BG implants used for cranioplasty.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including adult patients who underwent cranioplasty with FRC-BG implants between 2016 and 2021. Sequential non-contrast head CT-scans were obtained within 24 h postoperatively and after one year of follow-up. Using three-dimensional (3D) segmentation and analysis software, changes in bone volume (in cm³) and bone density (in Hounsfield units [HU]) of a standardized one cm-wide region of skull bone surrounding the margins of the FRC-BG implants were quantified. Paired samples t-tests assessed differences between baseline and after one year of follow-up.

Results: A total of 38 patients were included (mean age 50.2 ± 18.4 years). After one year of follow-up, significant increases were observed in both skull bone volume (mean difference 6.04 cm³, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.65-7.43, p < 0.001) and skull bone density (mean difference 45.84 HU, 95% CI 1.15-90.52, p = 0.045) surrounding the FRC-BG implants.

Conclusion: The present study shows radiological signs of osseointegration of FRC-BG implants used for cranioplasty.

Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO₂ emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.