Bone最新文献

Osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are multinucleated cells derived from monocytes, but they have distinct functions. Osteoclasts resorb bone while FBGCs form in response to foreign material. Regarding bone implants, osteoclasts are responsible for implant integration, but also for bone resorption associated to implant loosening, while FBGCs play a role in the immune response to the foreign material. Little is known about which proteins in the local environment fine-tune the multinucleation of osteoclasts or FBGCs. One candidate is Activin A (ActA). It has been shown to induce larger, more active osteoclasts, but its effect on FBGC differentiation is unknown. We investigated the effect of ActA on the differentiation of osteoclasts and FBGCs from human CD14-positive monocytes. The number of multinucleated cells and the cell area was measured. qPCR was performed to assess the effect of ActA on gene expression. ActA's influence on osteoclast and FBGC formation was studied on plastic, bone and hydroxyapatite coated Titanium discs (ALD-HA). ActA induced fewer, but bigger and more active osteoclasts on plastic and bone. In contrast, ActA did not have an effect on FBGC number. On ALD-HA, ActA reduced the number of FBGCs, but did not influence osteoclast numbers. qPCR showed that ActA upregulated the expression of several genes such as TRAcP, CIITA, OLR1, RHOBTB1 and ALK4, but mainly in osteoclasts. These results show that ActA has a different effect on osteoclasts compared to FBGCs. This difference could be caused by a difference in the expression in the canonical ActA receptor ALK4.

Aim: To evaluate the existing evidence on how maternal exposures during pregnancy and environmental factors during childhood influence bone health in offspring during the preschool years.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 146 Slovenian pregnant women and their offspring from birth to 7 years of age were monitored. The pregnant women's health status, anthropometry, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adiponectin concentrations, dietary assessments, and quantitative ultrasound measurements of tibial bone speed of sound (SOS) value were recorded. The children's clinical status, anthropometric measurements, and tibial bone SOS value were assessed at birth, 1, 3 and 12 months, and 7 years of age, with diet assessed at 7 years.

Results: The longitudinal quantitative ultrasound measurements of bones revealed a significant effect of time on SOS measurements (F = 232.4, p < 0.001): SOS values were significantly lower at 1 and 3 months than at birth, while at 12 months and 7 years they were significantly higher than at birth, and 1 and 3 months. Infants with normal SOS showed a greater decline at 3 months. Low maternal 25(OH)D concentrations (r = -0.32; p = 0.01) and thyroid dysfunction (p < 0.05) were associated with lower SOS values at birth. Additionally, body mass index Z-score during the preschool period was associated with bone SOS values (at 1, 3 and 12 months and 7 years of age: p = 0.04; P = 0.01; p = 0.02, and p = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion: Otherwise healthy preschool children with non-optimal bone mineral density were identified. Low maternal 25(OH)D, thyroid dysfunction, and the child's BMI Z-score were associated with lower SOS values. Due to the inclusion of participants with a healthier lifestyle, the data is not generalisable.

Background: Achondroplasia is associated with multisystem impairments that may require surgical interventions associated with high complication rates. The orthopaedic treatment landscape in achondroplasia varies globally, with some countries recommending surgical intervention more commonly. Achondroplasia-specific concerns related to preparation and conduct of surgical procedures necessitate careful consideration of treatment options in consultation with a multidisciplinary care team. The International Achondroplasia Forum convened a workshop in October 2024 to develop guiding principles for orthopaedic outcomes in achondroplasia, specifically spinal deformity, symptomatic spinal stenosis (and related neurological sequelae), upper and lower limb shortening/deformity (and associated functional limitations), chronic pain, and health-related quality of life, alongside achondroplasia-specific perioperative risk mitigation and post-surgical rehabilitation.

Results: Six guiding principles were agreed at the workshop with the aim of standardising and optimising orthopaedic care for people with achondroplasia. All principles were approved (votes in favour: 93%-100%) with a high level of agreement (range: 8.43-9.33). The International Achondroplasia Forum principles highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team to guide treatment decisions and the need for essential procedures to be conducted at specialised institutions by clinicians experienced in the treatment of achondroplasia. Approaches to orthopaedic management include educating parents and caregivers; brace therapy, if necessary, to prevent or slow the development of thoraco-lumbar kyphosis; and weight management to minimise pain, dysfunction, and risk of complications. Pharmacological treatment is currently limited to vosoritide.

Conclusions: These guiding principles aim to improve outcomes for people with achondroplasia by reducing treatment heterogeneity and providing recommendations to caregivers. Consultation with an experienced and specialised multidisciplinary team, emphasis on non-surgical approaches to address orthopaedic symptoms and the conduct of essential surgical procedures only in specialised centres form the core of the guiding principles.

Objective: To identify inflammatory and hormonal biomarkers that predict bone loss at the contralateral (non-fractured) hip following hip fracture in males and females.

Methods: White participants who were not receiving pre-fracture glucocorticoids, sex-hormone therapy, or bone-active medications (100 males, 76 females) with hip fractures. Data were collected within 22 days of hip fracture and at 2, 6, and 12 months follow-up. Biomarkers were categorized into tertiles: estradiol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3/D2, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1, sex hormone-binding globulin, and testosterone. Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) at the contralateral hip was assessed, and losses exceeding the mean decline were classified as greater than average. Logistic regression models, stratified by sex, were adjusted for confounders and evaluated selected biomarker associations.

Results: Among males, the 2nd (OR = 4.79, P = 0.012) and 3rd (OR = 6.36, P = 0.005) IGF-1 tertiles were associated with greater odds of BMD loss than the 1st tertile. The 3rd iPTH tertile (OR = 3.79, P = 0.037) was similarly associated with increased odds. Among females, the 3rd (OR = 0.20, P = 0.031) IL-1RA tertile was associated with lower odds of BMD loss compared to the 1st tertile, while the 2nd IL-6 tertile (OR = 5.99, P = 0.036) was associated with higher odds.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that inflammatory and hormonal biomarkers may be sex-specific predictors of accelerated BMD loss following hip fracture.

Glyconutrients help in the body's cell communication. Glyconutrients and synbiotics are promising options for improving immune function. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining synbiotics and glyconutrients will enhance pig nutrient utilization. 150 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc), initially weighing 58.85 ± 3.30 kg of live body weight (BW) were utilized to determine the effects of synbiotics-glyconutrients (SGN) on the pigs' performance, feed efficiency, gas emission, pork traits, and composition of fatty acids. The pigs were matched by BW and sex and chosen at random to 1 of 3 diet treatments: control = Basal diet; TRT1 = Basal diet + SGN 0.15%; TRT2 = Basal diet + SGN 0.30%%. The trials were conducted in two phases (weeks 1-5 and weeks 5-10). The average daily gain was increased in pigs fed a basal diet with SGN (p = 0.036) in weeks 5-10. However, the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy did not differ among the treatments (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on NH₃, H₂S, methyl mercaptans, acetic acids, and CO₂ emissions (p > 0.05). Improvement in drip loss on day 7 (p = 0.053) and tendency in the cooking loss were observed (p = 0.070) in a group fed basal diets and SGN at 0.30% inclusion level. The group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN had higher levels of palmitoleic acid (C16:1), margaric acid (C17:0), omega-3 fatty acid, omega-6 fatty acid, and ω-6: ω-3 ratio (p = 0.034, 0.020, 0.025, 0.007, and 0.003, respectively) in the fat of finishing pigs. Furthermore, group supplemented with 0.30% of SGN improved margaric acid (C17:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), arachidic acid (C20:0), omega 6 fatty acid, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, unsaturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.037, 0.05, 0.0142, 0.036, 0.033, 0.020, and 0.045, respectively) in the lean tissues of finishing pigs compared to pigs fed with the control diets. In conclusion, the combination of probiotics, prebiotics, and glyconutrients led to higher average daily gain, improved the quality of pork, and more favorable fatty acid composition. Therefore, these results contributed to a better understanding of the potential of SGN combinations as a feed additive for pigs.