Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation最新文献

Background: Longitudinal Displacement (LD) is the relative motion of the intima-media upon adventitia of the arterial wall during the cardiac cycle, probably linked to atherosclerosis. It has a direction, physiologically first backward in its main components with respect to the arterial flow. Here, LD was investigated in various disease and in presence of a unilateral carotid stent.

Methods: Carotid acquisitions were performed by ultrasound imaging on both body sides of 75 participants (150 Arteries). LD was measured in its percent quantity and direction.

Results: Obesity (p = 0.001) and carotid plaques (p = 0.01) were independently associated to quantity decrease of LD in the whole population. In a subgroup analysis, it was respectively 143% in healthy (n = 48 carotids), 129% (n = 34) in presence of cardiovascular risk factors, 121% (n = 20) in MACE patients, 119% (n = 24) in the carotid contralateral to a stent, 110% (n = 24) in carotids with stents. Regarding the direction of LD, in a subgroup analysis an inverted movement was identified in aged (p = 0.001) and diseased (p = 0.001) participants who also showed less quantity of LD (p = 0.001), but independently with age only (p = 0.002) in the whole population.

Conclusions: This observational study suggests that LD within carotid wall layers is lower additively with ageing, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, and stent. Even if stent is surely beneficial, these data might shed some light on stent restenosis, emphasising the need for interventional studies.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), establish a predictive model, and provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: This study selected 428 patients with postoperative pathologically confirmed PTC, who had undergone cervical lymph node dissection, from September 2020 to August 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. According to the postoperative pathological results, the patients were divided into those with LLNM (n = 94) and those without LLNM (n = 334). The clinical characteristics and conventional ultrasound and CEUS characteristics of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed, and the differences between them were compared. Independent risk factors related to LLNM were screened, a prediction model was constructed, and its prediction efficiency and clinical practicality were evaluated.

Results: The independent risk factors for LLNM were nodules located in the upper thyroid (odds ratio [OR] = 2.640, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.488-4.682), maximum tumor diameter≥1.0 cm (OR = 2.027, 95% CI: 1.146-3.586), microcalcification (OR = 2.176, 95% CI: 1.153-4.106), central lymph node metastasis (OR = 3.091, 95% CI: 1.721-5.549), enhanced late hyperenhancement (OR = 2.440, 95% CI: 1.081-5.508), and membrane continuity interruption in early enhancement (OR = 3.988, 95% CI: 2.315-6.871) (P < 0.05 for all). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined index in predicting LLNM in PTC patients were 72.34% and 78.74%, respectively (best cut-off value: 0.511); the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.778-0.853). Moreover, the AUC of the combined index in predicting LLNM in PTC patients was greater than that of conventional ultrasound alone. The calibration curve of the nomogram constructed based on the aforementioned six independent risk factors showed that the model could fit the actual probability of LLNM well with high calibration. Decision curve analysis revealed that the model has good clinical applicability.

Conclusions: The nomogram model constructed by conventional ultrasound combined with CEUS can effectively predict lateral cervical lymph node metastasis, providing an intuitive guide tool diagnosis and treatment.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is accompanied by ferroptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species and iron ions, which aggravates myocardial tissue damage. The present study aims to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the mitigating effects f PCSK9 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. MI/R rat model and OGD/R induced H9c2 model were established. The interaction between PCSK9 inhibitor and LRP8 was predicted by STRING database and verified by Immunoprecipitation assay experiment. CCK-8 kit results confirmed that PCSK9 inhibitor effectively protected against cardiomyocyte damage induced by OGD/R. TTC and histological examination via H&E staining revealed a significant alleviation of myocardial infarction and pathological alterations upon treatment with the PCSK9 inhibitor. Besides, DCFH-DA staining and biochemical kit results showed that PCSK9 inhibitor could regulate the changes of ferroptosis related indicators [ROS, iron level, MDA, SOD] and inhibit ferroptosis. Rescue experiments showed that PCSK9 inhibitors targeted LRP8 expression and inhibited GPX4/ROS-mediated ferroptosis in I/R-induced rats. Our study suggested that PCSK9 inhibitors could attenuate myocardial I/R injury, with the underlying mechanism intimately tied to the targeted modulation of LRP8/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis.

Background: The effect of dexmedetomidine on regional splanchnic blood flow remain unclear.

Objectives: We hypothesized, that there is no difference in regional rectal perianastomotic perfusion and oxygenation when using non-opioid dexmedetomidine-isoflurane anesthesia when compared to fentanyl-isoflurane anesthesia.

Methods: Ten female pigs were randomly divided into two groups (Dexmedetomidine, DEX, Fentanyl, FNT). Analgesia was provided by either dexmedetomidine (0.7-1.0 μg/kg/h) or fentanyl (6-10 μg/kg/h). The model of rectosigmoid resection in pigs was used. Two combined Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and oxymetry probes were fixed on the antimesenterial site of the rectosigmoid, one orally and the second distally to resection zone. At the end of the experiment all animals were woken up and extubated. The healing of the anastomosis was controlled seven days after the operation.

Results: All experimental animals were hemodynamically stable throughout the experiment. No anastomotic leakage was detected. All animals survived until the seventh postoperative day. In the DEX group the median of the LDF signal on aboral site at the end of experiment was 35% (23-49%), in FNT group the median of the LDF signal was 19% (12-28%), which was statistically significantly lower (p < 0,05).

Conclusions: This study has shown some protective effects of dexmedetomidine-isoflurane based anesthesia on perianastomotic microcirculation when compared to fentanyl-isoflurane based anesthesia.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential application value of qualitative and quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in early-stage breast cancer, with special emphasis on area ratio.

Methods: 146 patients with 146 T1 stage breast cancers were subjected to conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS before surgeries. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated risk factors and a prediction model was created to predict T1 stage breast IDCs with positive of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM). The diagnostic performance of the prediction model was assessed by the analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The value of area ratio, a quantitative CEUS feature, was evaluated.

Results: Logistic regression analysis indicated that taller than wide shape on conventional US, coarse or twist penetrating vessels, and area ratio > 1.93 on CEUS were independent risk factors for IDCs with ALNM-positive (all P < 0.05). Among all risk factors, the area ratio > 1.93 showed the highest AUC (i.e. 0.818). The prediction equation was established as follows: P = 1/1 + Exp∑ [-2.665 + 1.750×(if taller than wide shape) + 1.791×(if coarse or twist penetrating vessels) + 4.372×(if area ratio > 1.93)]. In comparison with US BI-RADS alone, the AUCs of the prediction model for both readers increased significantly (AUC: 0. 919 vs. 0.677 in reader 1, 0.919 vs. 0.707 in reader 2, both P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Conventional US and CEUS features, especially the area ratio > 1.93 on CEUS, may be useful in the noninvasive prediction of ALNM-positive in breast IDCs.

Background: Although plateletpheresis donation is commonly accepted as a safe procedure, its influence on platelet function, coagulation system and fibrinolysis is not completely elucidated.

Objectives: In this study, we tried to assess the effects of plateletpheresis on donor's hemostasis system by measuring platelet activation, development of platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and coagulation activation.

Study design: Prospective observational study.

Methods: We used flow cytometry to determine the levels of platelet-monocyte complexes (PMC) and platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNC). sP-selectin and prothrombin fragment (PF) 1 + 2 values were determined by ELISA.

Results: The PMC levels increased significantly seven days after apheresis in comparison with just after apheresis and 24 h after apheresis (p < 0.05). The PNC levels increased significantly seven days after apheresis compared to immediately after apheresis (p < 0.05). sP-selectin values decreased significantly immediately after apheresis (p < 0.05). While sP-selectin values increased seven days after apheresis in comparison with immediately after apheresis and 24 h after apheresis, but there were not statistically significant differences for sP-selectin levels (p > 0.05). PF1 + 2 levels decreased significantly immediately after apheresis compared to pre-apheresis (p < 0.05) and increased 24 h after apheresis and seven days after apheresis, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion: We concluded that plateletpheresis affects platelet activation but does not cause any change in coagulation activation.

 Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a significant role in causing several diseases such as heart attack and heart failure, through alterations in fat, amino acid, and iron metabolism. Comprehending the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis signaling is critical because it has a considerable effect on the elderly's mortality. Conversely, age-related changes in substrate metabolism and metabolite levels are recognized to give rise to obesity. Furthermore, research has proposed that aging and obesity-related changes in substrate metabolism may aggravate ferroptosis. The suppression of ferroptosis holds potential as a successful therapeutic approach for managing different diseases, including sarcopenia, cardiovascular diseases, and central nervous system diseases. However, the pathologic and biological mechanisms behind the function of ferroptosis are not fully comprehended yet. Physical activity could affect lipid, amino acid, and iron metabolism to modulate ferroptosis. The aim of this study is to showcase the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to ferroptosis and discuss the role of aging and physical activity in this phenomenon.

Objective: To explore the discriminatory diagnostic value of multimodal ultrasound(US) combined with blood cell analysis (BCA) for Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis (GLM) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

Methods: A total of 157 breast disease patients were collected and divided into two groups based on postoperative pathological results: the GLM group (57 cases with 57 lesions) and the IDC group (100 cases with 100 lesions). Differences in multimodal ultrasound features and the presence of BCA were compared between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the optimal cutoff values, sensitivity, specificity, 95% confidence interval (CI), and the area under the curve (AUC) for patient age, lesion size, lesion resistive index (RI), and white blood cell (WBC) count in BCA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, and AUC were calculated for different diagnostic methods.

Results: There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) observed between GLM and IDC patients in terms of age, breast pain, the factors in Conventional US (lesion size, RI, nipple delineation, solitary/multiple lesions, margin, liquefaction area, growth direction, microcalcifications, posterior echogenicity and abnormal axillary lymph nodes), the factors in CEUS (contrast agent enhancement intensity, enhancement pattern, enhancement range, and crab-like enhancement) and the factors in BCA (white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes). ROC curve analysis results showed that the optimal cutoff values for distinguishing GLM from IDC were 40.5 years for age, 7.15 cm for lesion size, 0.655 for lesion RI, and 10.525*109/L for white blood cells. The diagnostic accuracy of conventional US combined with CEUS (US-CEUS) was the highest (97.45%). The diagnostic performance AUCs for US-CEUS, CEUS, and US were 0.965, 0.921 and 0.832, respectively.

Conclusion: Multifactorial analysis of multimodal ultrasound features and BCA had high clinical application value in the differential diagnosis of GLM and IDC.

Background: The impact of gravity on the existence of all living things has long been of interest to scientists. The force of the Earth's gravity combined with hypoxia significantly affects blood circulation and blood accumulation in various parts of the human and animal body. To date, the relationship between body position and blood circulation in pulmonary circulation under hypobaric hypoxia has not been sufficiently studied.

Objectives: Therefore, the research aims to determine the possibility of changing the body position in space on the reactions in the pulmonary circulation in the plains and highlands.

Methods: For this purpose, research was conducted on male Wistar rats, 44 of whom spent 150 days at an altitude of 3200 m above sea level, and 25 representatives of the control group - at an altitude of 164 m.

Results: The study revealed that gravitational redistribution of blood in mountainous conditions is less pronounced compared to the control group. This is explained by the remodeling of the vascular wall and an increase in its stiffness. It was found that a change in pulmonary artery pressure at the time of a change in body position was recorded both on the plains and in the highlands. On the plains, when the body position of rats was changed to passive orthostatic, a decrease in systolic and diastolic pulmonary artery pressure was noted, and when the body position was changed to passive anti-orthostatic, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure was observed. The increase in pulmonary artery pressure was a compensatory mechanism due to the increased stiffness of the pulmonary vasculature.

Conclusions: The practical significance of this research is to expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension in high-altitude hypoxia.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal shunting between arteries and veins. The progression of the AVMs and their hemodynamic and rheological relations are poorly studied, and there is a lack of a feasible experimental model.

Objective: To establish a model that cause only minimal micro-rheological alterations, compared to other AV models.

Methods: Sixteen female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and AVM groups. End-to-end anastomoses were created between the saphenous veins and arteries to mimic AVM nidus. Hematological and hemorheological parameters were analyzed before surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 12th postoperative weeks.

Results: Compared to sham-operated Control group the AVM group did not show important alterations in hematological parameters nor in erythrocyte aggregation and deformability. However, slightly increased aggregation and moderately decreased deformability values were found, without significant differences. The changes normalized by the 12th postoperative week.

Conclusions: The presented rat model of a small-caliber AVM created on saphenous vessels does not cause significant micro-rheological changes. The alterations found were most likely related to the acute phase reactions and not to the presence of a small-caliber shunt. The model seems to be suitable for further studies of AVM progression.