Current drug discovery technologies最新文献

Introduction: Basil, an indigenous medicinal herb, is widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. Its properties include reducing oxidative stress, increasing melatonin production, protecting cells from free radical damage, and protecting the skin. Basil can be incorporated into daily skincare routines to address various skin conditions and promote overall health. This study examines the role of Basil in skin health, focusing on its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, hydrating, and moisturizing properties. It examines its bioactive compounds and their impact on molecular pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, and COX-LOX, in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, it highlights Basil's potential as an anti-aging agent and its applications in skincare products.

Method: The data were gathered from various research studies and meta-analyses on basil cosmetics applications, sourced from multiple databases between 1999 and 2025, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier, Nature, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar.

Result: Basil enhances skin health through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hydrating, and moisturizing effects. Its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes, help neutralize ROS and RNS, preventing oxidative damage and inflammation. By modulating key inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, and COX-LOX, Basil reduces proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits inflammatory mediators. These mechanisms contribute to its anti-aging and skin-protective properties, making it beneficial for various skincare applications.

Discussion: Basil is an indigenous herb with significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, it has been used to manage various skin conditions, including acne and eczema. Studies have highlighted its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, primarily due to its ability to inhibit the generation of free radicals. Additionally, Basil exhibits potent antimicrobial activity, attributed to the presence of essential oils that disrupt microbial cell membranes, inhibit biofilm formation, increase membrane permeability, and lead to intracellular leakage. Owing to these multifaceted properties, Basil holds promise for use in dermatological applications and cosmetic formulations.

Conclusion: Basil, a popular herb in various cultures, has antioxidant properties and is used in traditional medicine, skincare, and beauty treatments. Its essential oils, including linalool, estragole, and eugenol, have anti-aging, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Basil's complex phytochemical composition makes it an excellent component for skincare, hair care, and dental care products. Its bioactive compounds neutralize reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, preventing oxidative damage

Artificial intelligence (AI) has developed into a powerful tool that employs human knowledge to swiftly resolve complex issues. Significant advancements in computer learning and artificial intelligence present a revolutionary opportunity for pharmaceutical formulation, drug dis-covery, and dosage form testing. AI algorithms would analyze a tremendous amount of biological reference data, such as proteomics and genomes, to assist researchers in identifying target diseases and predicting their possible interactions with proposed approaches to treatment. Just such focused and efficient drug development significantly augments the likelihood of acquiring drug approvals. AI may add, at the same time, develop costs and streamline research and development processes. Clas-sical machine learning techniques help not only in designing the experiment but also significantly in predicting the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of new drugs. This ability reduces the need for expen-sive, time-consuming animal testing by selection with optimization of lead compounds. Personalized medical strategies based on actual patient data assessments by algorithms such as those of AI may benefit patients through increased treatment adherence and outcomes. The review covers many ap-plications of AI for process optimization, testing, drug delivery dosage form design, and drug discov-ery. This study underlines the benefits brought by numerous types of techniques based on AI in phar-maceutical technology. However, there are exciting prospects to enhance patient care and medication development processes because of the pharmaceutical industry's continuous investment in and re-search into AI.

Introduction: Quantum computing represents a transformative advancement in computational science, with applications in drug discovery, molecular interaction simulation, drug-target binding optimization, and the analysis of complex biological data at unprecedented speeds and accuracy. Quantum computing emerges as a powerful tool to accelerate the development of new therapeutics, drug design, and the simulation of complex chemical interactions, including personalized medicine strategies. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of quantum computing in drug discovery and development, highlighting its ability to reduce time and costs while accelerating the identification of promising drug candidates.

Methods: Quantum computing algorithms, such as Grover's algorithm and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), are utilized to simulate molecular interactions of drugs and optimize drug design. In case studies, such as IBM's use of VQE for molecular simulations, these technologies demonstrate their effectiveness.

Results: Quantum computing has shown promise in addressing several technological barriers, such as lengthy development timelines and high costs. Additionally, demonstrated success in molecular simulations and solving challenges during the drug development process. However, challenges related to error rates, qubit coherence, and regulatory compliance remain.

Discussion: This study examines the applications of quantum computing in drug discovery, highlighting key techniques such as quantum simulation, quantum machine learning, and optimization algorithms. Quantum computing is crucial for interdisciplinary collaboration among quantum physicists, computational chemists, biologists, and pharmaceutical professionals, as it is essential to overcoming these obstacles and realizing the full potential of quantum technologies in medicine.

Conclusion: Quantum computing holds great potential in drug discovery and development, offering accelerated, more accurate, and lower-cost research avenues, particularly in complex areas such as protein folding prediction and personalized medicine. This new paradigm has tremendous potential for guiding the future of pharmaceutical development and patient-focused medicine.

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Introduction: Antibiotic Resistance is a growing concern in the current world. Regarding this, Helicobacter pylori is known to be present in the digestive tracts of human beings. In some people, the infection leads to stomach cancer. With the increasing problem of Antibiotic resistance, reports show that drugs are no longer working with the same efficacy rate as they used to. The present work is a study of the two-component Acid-Response System (ArsRS) protein, one of the key pro-teins involved in biofilm formation by H. pylori.

Methods: In this study, an overall bioinformatics analysis was conducted of the bioactive compound, along with some FDA-approved drugs, to identify potential novel treatments for diseases associated with H. pylori. The molecular docking studies have been done with common drugs that are used for the treatment of the infection caused by H. pylori as Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin, Metronidazole, Omeprazole, and Rabeprazole. Another aspect of the current study was to investigate the potential for national compounds such as Quercetin, α-mangostin, Phytol, Liquiri-tin, and D-mannitol as an alternative therapeutic agent. ADMET Analysis and toxicity assessment were done to check the pharmacokinetics of the bioactive compounds. An in silico investigation of the H. pylori protein revealed its stability and compactness.

Results: A Higher number of intra-protein interactions increases the stability of H. pylori protein. Liquiritin emerged as an active molecule that can be used for inhibiting H. pylori biofilms. The FDA-approved drug Clarithromycin showed the highest binding energy among the synthetic group.

Discussions: The target protein's structural and sequential analysis demonstrated how the correct number of amino acids boosts the protein's stability. The ability of bioactive chemicals to function as medications is indicated by their drug-likeness characteristics. According to toxicity evaluation, they do not have any serious effects when they come into contact with people through the environment. Liquiritin and Clarithromycin were the two top compounds that appeared as the best inhibitors.

Conclusions: Bioactive compounds that can be used as drugs. This work will also be beneficial for the development of synthetic drugs.

Background: Conventional surgical threads (CST) are often colonized with drug-resistant polymicrobial biofilms.However, such bioactive agent-incorporated CST are needed to solve this problem.The aim of this study was to develop a coating for CST consisting of the antibacterial Etha-nolic Extract of Sahara Propolis (EESP) as a release topical delivery system for treating wounds, characterize the EESP and study the release profiles and antibacterial activity of EESP-CST against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Methods: The chemical profiles of the samples were assessed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The release profiles were measured in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) with different time 0, 30, 45, 60, 90min and 24h. Antibacterial activity was carried out through the agar diffusion method in Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA).

Results: According to the FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR analysis, the EESP through its various peaks and the various functional groups were detected. Besides, the propolis powder showed a very low degree of crystalline material (amorphous structure) as observed by X-ray powder diffraction. Exposure to EESP-CST short-term resulted in a significant reduction in absorbance at 90 min of exposure for S. aureus in MHB. In addition, the EESP-CST has not shown any significant reduction in absorbance after on for P. aeruginosa in absorbance at 90 min. However, its antibacterial ability gradually de-creases after 90 min for the two bacteria tested. In MHA the zone of inhibition assay documented a efficacy of EESP-CST against S. aureus over 24 hours. But, adherence of the colony to the surface of EESP-CST was observed for P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion: These results supported that the EESP-CST was successful in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. on short-term in a liquid culture assay. Therefore, EESP-CST as a prevention of wound infections and can be an appropriate candidate for more clinical investigations.

Introduction: Drug development costs for orphan and non-orphan drugs range greatly because of variations in market size, legal constraints, and financial incentives. In order to overcome tiny patient populations and high per-patient costs, orphan drugs that target rare diseases frequently need customized techniques. Since non-orphan drugs are intended for larger populations, they require more thorough clinical trials and fierce rivalry in the market.

Materials and methods: Clinical trial data for orphan and non-orphan drugs authorized between 2010 and 2020 were compared in terms of cost in this study. Trial duration, overall development expenditures, and per-patient costs were important criteria. To estimate cost components, secondary data sources such as industry reports and regulatory filings were consulted. Significant cost drivers and variations were found using statistical analysis.

Results: The study show the orphan pharmaceuticals had generally lower overall clinical development costs, the cost per patient was much higher than that of non-orphan drugs. Financial incentives including tax credits and accelerated regulatory processes helped orphan drug trials save money overall. However, non-orphan drugs required more extensive safety and efficacy evaluations and larger Phase III trials, their costs were higher.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes orphan and non-orphan drugs have different clinical cost structures and economic trade-offs. The necessity for sustainable financing options is highlighted by the high costs per patient, even as regulatory incentives successfully lower barriers for orphan drug research. The economic impact of drug research costs on various stakeholders, including drug companies, physicians, and lawmakers, enables them to make sound choices regarding resource allocation and investments in drug development. Policymakers and industry stakeholders can use these data to help create fair and effective frameworks for drug development.

Edible vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to immunization, leveraging genet-ically modified plants to produce antigens that elicit immune responses when consumed. This novel strategy addresses several limitations of traditional vaccines, particularly in resource-limited settings, by eliminating the need for cold-chain logistics and skilled healthcare personnel for administration. Edible vaccines can enhance patient compliance, especially among children, by providing a non-invasive method of immunization. Recent advancements have demonstrated the potential of edible vaccines to prevent various infectious diseases. However, challenges remain, including the risk of immune tolerance, variability in antigen dosage, and regulatory hurdles. This review highlights the mechanisms of antigen expression in edible vaccine platforms, engineering strategies to enhance sta-bility and efficacy, and recent clinical trials that underscore their potential impact on global health initiatives.

Cancer has emerged as one of the most pressing public health issues in the world and has led to extensive research in novel treatment techniques. Among them, cancer treatment strategies targeting disease-specific pathways have become a focus area. Targeted therapy, based on the premise that tumor cells rely on specific biological pathways, which drugs can block, has dramatically im-proved therapeutic outcomes with reduced systemic toxicity. Molecule targeted treatment that in-cludes interference with signaling pathway through the small molecule medication, or therapeutic monoclonal antibody, has exceptional anti-cancer effect on most different cancer types that it is pri-marily prescribed as front-line treatment at this time; and, instead of chemotherapy and conventional therapy treatment, it entails less side-effect risk and the benefit of delivering the killing to cancer cells as it should: namely, far better anti-cancer efficacy. The main problems in conducting molecular targeted therapies include rapid induction of drug-resistant states. For addressing this issue, research-ers have taken up many approaches, which include combination therapy, next-generation targeted agents, and adaptive therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in targeted therapeutic medications, classifies them, and provides a short description of the target kinases along with mechanisms of action. Clinical examples of targeted therapies are provided and discussed along with potential future research areas. This article also brings to the discussion the need to further investigate mechanisms that would aid in making anti-cancer treatment more efficient, which includes emerging technologies such as nanomedicine, precision oncology, and personalized therapies, making the future bright for cancer care.