Background: Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality and has been associated with cardiovascular complications. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes following bacterial pneumonia.
Methods: Between 1997 and 2012, 10,931 subjects with bacterial pneumonia and 109,310 controls were enrolled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and were followed up to the end of 2013. The risk of stroke was estimated in Cox regression analyses with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: When compared to the control group, subjects in the bacterial pneumonia group had a higher incidence of developing ischemic stroke (2.7% versus 0.4%, p <0.001) and hemorrhagic stroke (0.7% versus 0.1%, p <0.001). The risk of stroke increases with repeated hospitalizations due to bacterial pneumonia. Across bacterial etiologies, bacterial pneumonia was a significant risk factor among 775 subjects who developed ischemic stroke (HR, 5.72; 95% CI, 4.92-6.65) and 193 subjects who developed hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 5.33; 95% CI, 3.91-7.26).
Conclusion: The risks of developing ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are significant following bacterial pneumonia infection. The risk factors, clinical outcomes, and the disease course should also be profiled to better inform the monitoring of stroke development and the clinical management of bacterial pneumonia patients.
{"title":"Bacterial Pneumonia and Stroke Risk: A Nationwide Longitudinal Followup Study.","authors":"Joyce En-Hua Wang, Shih-Jen Tsai, Yen-Po Wang, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Tso-Jen Wang, Mu-Hong Chen","doi":"10.2174/0115672026280736240108093755","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026280736240108093755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality and has been associated with cardiovascular complications. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes following bacterial pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 1997 and 2012, 10,931 subjects with bacterial pneumonia and 109,310 controls were enrolled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and were followed up to the end of 2013. The risk of stroke was estimated in Cox regression analyses with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When compared to the control group, subjects in the bacterial pneumonia group had a higher incidence of developing ischemic stroke (2.7% versus 0.4%, p <0.001) and hemorrhagic stroke (0.7% versus 0.1%, p <0.001). The risk of stroke increases with repeated hospitalizations due to bacterial pneumonia. Across bacterial etiologies, bacterial pneumonia was a significant risk factor among 775 subjects who developed ischemic stroke (HR, 5.72; 95% CI, 4.92-6.65) and 193 subjects who developed hemorrhagic stroke (HR, 5.33; 95% CI, 3.91-7.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risks of developing ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are significant following bacterial pneumonia infection. The risk factors, clinical outcomes, and the disease course should also be profiled to better inform the monitoring of stroke development and the clinical management of bacterial pneumonia patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026287201240110092653
Dongxiao Xu, Jiaojiao Guo, Bingjie Zheng, Qiaowei Wu, Ilgiz Gareev, Ozal Beylerli, Aferin Beilerli, Huaizhang Shi
Background: Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is known as a complication after bypass surgery for Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the incidence of CHS has not been accurately reported, and there is no consensus on the risk factors associated with it.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative CHS after surgical combined revascularization used to treat adult patients with MMD.
Objective: To assess the frequency and characteristics of CHS in patients with MMD after revascularization operations.
Methods: Patients who received combined revascularization from Jan 2021 to Nov 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative clinical characteristics and radiographic features were recorded. Postoperative CHS after surgery were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for CHS.
Results: A total of 133 patients (141 hemispheres) were included in this study. Postoperative CHS were observed in 28 hemispheres (19.8%), including focal cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (FCHS) in 20 hemispheres (14.2%), hemorrhage in 4 (2.8%) hemispheres, seizures in 4 (2.8%) hemispheres. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative hypertension (OR 4.705, 95% CI 1.323 ~ 12.554, p = 0.014), cerebral hemorrhage onset (OR 5.390, 95% CI 1.408 ~ 20.642, p = 0.014) and higher Hct level (OR 1.171, 95% CI 1.051 ~ 1.305, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with CHS after combined revascularization.
Conclusions: Preoperative hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage onset, and higher Hct level were independent risk factors for CHS after combined revascularization.
{"title":"Risk Factors for Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome After Combined Revascularization in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Disease.","authors":"Dongxiao Xu, Jiaojiao Guo, Bingjie Zheng, Qiaowei Wu, Ilgiz Gareev, Ozal Beylerli, Aferin Beilerli, Huaizhang Shi","doi":"10.2174/0115672026287201240110092653","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026287201240110092653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is known as a complication after bypass surgery for Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the incidence of CHS has not been accurately reported, and there is no consensus on the risk factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative CHS after surgical combined revascularization used to treat adult patients with MMD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the frequency and characteristics of CHS in patients with MMD after revascularization operations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who received combined revascularization from Jan 2021 to Nov 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative clinical characteristics and radiographic features were recorded. Postoperative CHS after surgery were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for CHS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 patients (141 hemispheres) were included in this study. Postoperative CHS were observed in 28 hemispheres (19.8%), including focal cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (FCHS) in 20 hemispheres (14.2%), hemorrhage in 4 (2.8%) hemispheres, seizures in 4 (2.8%) hemispheres. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative hypertension (OR 4.705, 95% CI 1.323 ~ 12.554, p = 0.014), cerebral hemorrhage onset (OR 5.390, 95% CI 1.408 ~ 20.642, p = 0.014) and higher Hct level (OR 1.171, 95% CI 1.051 ~ 1.305, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with CHS after combined revascularization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preoperative hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage onset, and higher Hct level were independent risk factors for CHS after combined revascularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026295640240212095049
Honggang Wu, Shu Chen, Guoliang You, Bo Lei, Li Chen, Jiachuan Wu, Niandong Zheng, Chao You
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common subtypes of stroke.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on inflammatory injury after ICH.
Methods: The ICH model was established by the injection of collagenase and treated with ASIV (20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg). The neurological function, water content of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum, and pathological changes in brain tissue were assessed. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase-1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. The binding relationship between KLF2 and NLRP3 was verified by chromatin-immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. KLF2 inhibition or NLRP3 overexpression was achieved in mice to observe pathological changes.
Results: The decreased neurological function, increased water content, severe pathological damage, and inflammatory response were observed in mice after ICH, with increased levels of NLRP3/GSDMD-N/cleaved-caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 and poorly-expressed KLF2 in brain tissue. After AS-IV treatment, the neurological dysfunction, high brain water content, inflammatory response, and pyroptosis were alleviated, while KLF2 expression was increased. KLF2 bonded to the NLRP3 promoter region and inhibited its transcription. Down-regulation of KLF2 or upregulation of NLRP3 reversed the effect of AS-IV on inhibiting pyroptosis and reducing inflammatory injury in mice after ICH.
Conclusion: AS-IV inhibited NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by promoting KLF2 expression and alleviated inflammatory injury in mice after ICH.
背景:脑出血(ICH)是中风最常见的亚型之一:脑出血(ICH)是中风最常见的亚型之一:本研究旨在探讨黄芪皂苷 IV(AS-IV)对 ICH 后炎性损伤的作用机制:方法:通过注射胶原酶建立 ICH 模型,并用 ASIV(20 mg/kg 或 40 mg/kg)治疗。评估神经功能、双侧大脑半球和小脑的含水量以及脑组织的病理变化。酶联免疫吸附试验检测了白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α、γ干扰素和IL-10的水平。反转录-定量聚合酶链反应和 Western 印迹法检测了 Kruppel 样因子 2(KLF2)、NOD 样受体家族含 pyrin 结构域 3(NLRP3)、GSDMD-N 和裂解-caspase-1 的水平。染色质免疫沉淀和双荧光素酶试验验证了 KLF2 和 NLRP3 之间的结合关系。在小鼠体内抑制 KLF2 或过表达 NLRP3,观察病理变化:结果:小鼠 ICH 后出现神经功能下降、含水量增加、严重病理损伤和炎症反应,脑组织中 NLRP3/GSDMD-N/cleaved-caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 水平升高,KLF2 表达低下。经过AS-IV治疗后,神经功能障碍、脑含水量高、炎症反应和热蛋白沉积等症状得到缓解,而KLF2的表达却有所增加。KLF2 与 NLRP3 启动子区域结合并抑制其转录。KLF2的下调或NLRP3的上调逆转了AS-IV在抑制小鼠ICH后的脓毒症和减轻炎症损伤方面的作用:结论:AS-IV通过促进KLF2的表达抑制了NLRP3介导的脓毒症,减轻了ICH后小鼠的炎症损伤。
{"title":"The Mechanism of Astragaloside IV in NOD-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome-mediated Pyroptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.","authors":"Honggang Wu, Shu Chen, Guoliang You, Bo Lei, Li Chen, Jiachuan Wu, Niandong Zheng, Chao You","doi":"10.2174/0115672026295640240212095049","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026295640240212095049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common subtypes of stroke.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on inflammatory injury after ICH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ICH model was established by the injection of collagenase and treated with ASIV (20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg). The neurological function, water content of the bilateral cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum, and pathological changes in brain tissue were assessed. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase-1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. The binding relationship between KLF2 and NLRP3 was verified by chromatin-immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. KLF2 inhibition or NLRP3 overexpression was achieved in mice to observe pathological changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The decreased neurological function, increased water content, severe pathological damage, and inflammatory response were observed in mice after ICH, with increased levels of NLRP3/GSDMD-N/cleaved-caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-18 and poorly-expressed KLF2 in brain tissue. After AS-IV treatment, the neurological dysfunction, high brain water content, inflammatory response, and pyroptosis were alleviated, while KLF2 expression was increased. KLF2 bonded to the NLRP3 promoter region and inhibited its transcription. Down-regulation of KLF2 or upregulation of NLRP3 reversed the effect of AS-IV on inhibiting pyroptosis and reducing inflammatory injury in mice after ICH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AS-IV inhibited NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by promoting KLF2 expression and alleviated inflammatory injury in mice after ICH.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139975076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026301430240201094411
Sana Ben Amor, Assil Achour, Aymen Elhraiech, Emna Jarrar, Hela Ghali, Ons Ben Ameur, Nesrine Amara, Anis Hassine, Houyem Saied, Eleys Neffati, Didier Smadja
Background: The annualized recurrent stroke rate in patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) under antiplatelet therapy is around 4.5%. Only a fraction of these patients will develop atrial fibrillation (FA), to which a stroke can be attributed retrospectively. The challenge is to identify patients at risk of occult AF during follow-up.
Objective: This work aims to determine clinical factors and electrocardiographic and ultrasound parameters that can predict occult AF in patients with ESUS and build a simple predictive score applicable worldwide.
Methods: This is a single-center, registry-based retrospective study conducted at the stroke unit of Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, between January 2016 and December 2020. Consecutive patients meeting ESUS criteria were monitored for a minimum of one year, with a standardized follow-up consisting of outpatient visits, including ECG every three months and a new 24-hour Holter monitoring in case of palpitations. We performed multivariate stepwise regression to identify predictors of new paroxysmal AF among initial clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG and 24-hour Holter monitoring) and echocardiographic parameters. The coefficient of each independent covariate of the fitted multivariable model was used to generate an integerbased point-scoring system.
Results: Three hundred patients met the criteria for ESUS. Among them, 42 (14%) patients showed at least one episode of paroxysmal AF during a median follow-up of two years. In univariate analysis, age, gender, coronary artery disease, history of ischemic stroke, higher NIHSS at admission and lower NIHSS at discharge, abnormal P-wave axis, prolonged P-wave duration, premature atrial contractions (PAC) frequency of more than 500/24 hours, and left atrial (LA) mean area of more than 20 cm2 were associated with the risk of occurrence of paroxysmal AF. We proposed an AF predictive score based on (1.771 x NIHSS score at admission) + (10.015 x P-wave dispersion; coded 1 if yes and 0 if no) + (9.841x PAC class; coded 1 if ≥500 and 0 if no) + (9.828x LA class surface; coded 1 if ≥20 and 0 if no) + (0.548xNIHSS score at discharge) + 0.004. A score of ≥33 had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 93%.
Conclusion: In this cohort of patients with ESUS, NIHSS at both admission and discharge, Pwave dispersion, PAC≥500/24h on a 24-hour Holter monitoring, and LA surface area≥20 cm2 provide a simple AF predictive score with very reasonable sensitivity and specificity and is applicable almost worldwide. An external validation of this score is ongoing.
{"title":"A Simple Score for Predicting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in a Tunisian Cohort Study.","authors":"Sana Ben Amor, Assil Achour, Aymen Elhraiech, Emna Jarrar, Hela Ghali, Ons Ben Ameur, Nesrine Amara, Anis Hassine, Houyem Saied, Eleys Neffati, Didier Smadja","doi":"10.2174/0115672026301430240201094411","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026301430240201094411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The annualized recurrent stroke rate in patients with Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) under antiplatelet therapy is around 4.5%. Only a fraction of these patients will develop atrial fibrillation (FA), to which a stroke can be attributed retrospectively. The challenge is to identify patients at risk of occult AF during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work aims to determine clinical factors and electrocardiographic and ultrasound parameters that can predict occult AF in patients with ESUS and build a simple predictive score applicable worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, registry-based retrospective study conducted at the stroke unit of Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, between January 2016 and December 2020. Consecutive patients meeting ESUS criteria were monitored for a minimum of one year, with a standardized follow-up consisting of outpatient visits, including ECG every three months and a new 24-hour Holter monitoring in case of palpitations. We performed multivariate stepwise regression to identify predictors of new paroxysmal AF among initial clinical, electrocardiographic (ECG and 24-hour Holter monitoring) and echocardiographic parameters. The coefficient of each independent covariate of the fitted multivariable model was used to generate an integerbased point-scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred patients met the criteria for ESUS. Among them, 42 (14%) patients showed at least one episode of paroxysmal AF during a median follow-up of two years. In univariate analysis, age, gender, coronary artery disease, history of ischemic stroke, higher NIHSS at admission and lower NIHSS at discharge, abnormal <i>P</i>-wave axis, prolonged <i>P</i>-wave duration, premature atrial contractions (PAC) frequency of more than 500/24 hours, and left atrial (LA) mean area of more than 20 cm<sup>2</sup> were associated with the risk of occurrence of paroxysmal AF. We proposed an AF predictive score based on (1.771 x NIHSS score at admission) + (10.015 x <i>P</i>-wave dispersion; coded 1 if yes and 0 if no) + (9.841x PAC class; coded 1 if ≥500 and 0 if no) + (9.828x LA class surface; coded 1 if ≥20 and 0 if no) + (0.548xNIHSS score at discharge) + 0.004. A score of ≥33 had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 93%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort of patients with ESUS, NIHSS at both admission and discharge, Pwave dispersion, PAC≥500/24h on a 24-hour Holter monitoring, and LA surface area≥20 cm<sup>2</sup> provide a simple AF predictive score with very reasonable sensitivity and specificity and is applicable almost worldwide. An external validation of this score is ongoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139699119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026305417240209062508
Yucheng Gu, Nihong Chen, Lin Zhu, Xiangliang Chen, Teng Jiang, Yingdong Zhang
Background: Previous studies on transcriptional profiles suggested dysregulation of multiple RNA species in Alzheimer's disease. However, despite recent investigations revealing various aspects of circular RNA (circRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis, few genome-wide studies have explored circRNA-associated profiles in AD patients exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive loss.
Objective: To investigate the potential pathogenesis-related molecular biological changes in the various stages of AD progression.
Methods: Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood of 7 normal cognition (NC) subjects, 8 patients with mild cognitive impairment, 8 AD patients with mild dementia (miD), and 7 AD patients with moderate dementia (moD). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted to predict the potential functions of the maternal genes of microRNAs (miRNAs), circRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The construction of ceRNA network was performed between the NC group and each diseased group based on the differently expressed RNAs.
Results: In total, 3568 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 142 miRNAs, 990 lncRNAs, and 183 circRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed across the four groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the significant roles of GTPase activity and the MAPK signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis. A circRNA-miRNA-lncRNA ceRNA pathway, characterized by the downregulated hsa-miR-7-5p and upregulated hsa_circ_0001170, was identified based on the differentially expressed RNAs between the NC group and the moD group.
Conclusion: The study suggests that circRNAs may be independent of mRNAs in AD pathogenesis and holds promise as potential biomarkers for AD clinical manifestations and pathological changes.
{"title":"Whole Transcriptome Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Identifies the Alzheimer's Disease-Related circRNA-miRNA-lncRNA Pathway.","authors":"Yucheng Gu, Nihong Chen, Lin Zhu, Xiangliang Chen, Teng Jiang, Yingdong Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0115672026305417240209062508","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026305417240209062508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies on transcriptional profiles suggested dysregulation of multiple RNA species in Alzheimer's disease. However, despite recent investigations revealing various aspects of circular RNA (circRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis, few genome-wide studies have explored circRNA-associated profiles in AD patients exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive loss.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the potential pathogenesis-related molecular biological changes in the various stages of AD progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood of 7 normal cognition (NC) subjects, 8 patients with mild cognitive impairment, 8 AD patients with mild dementia (miD), and 7 AD patients with moderate dementia (moD). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were conducted to predict the potential functions of the maternal genes of microRNAs (miRNAs), circRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The construction of ceRNA network was performed between the NC group and each diseased group based on the differently expressed RNAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 3568 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 142 miRNAs, 990 lncRNAs, and 183 circRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed across the four groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed the significant roles of GTPase activity and the MAPK signaling pathway in AD pathogenesis. A circRNA-miRNA-lncRNA ceRNA pathway, characterized by the downregulated hsa-miR-7-5p and upregulated hsa_circ_0001170, was identified based on the differentially expressed RNAs between the NC group and the moD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that circRNAs may be independent of mRNAs in AD pathogenesis and holds promise as potential biomarkers for AD clinical manifestations and pathological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026289490240115075046
Nan-Nan Zhang, Zhi-Yong Wang, Jian-Min Chen, Zhi-Peng Yan, Guo-Xin Ni, Jun Ni
Background: Chronic liver disease has been reported to be associated with peripheral neuropathy. However, which sensory fibers are affected remains unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the function of sensory nerve fibers in patients with cirrhosis using the current perception threshold (CPT) test, as well as the correlation between blood biochemical indicators related to cirrhosis and CPT values.
Methods: We recruited 44 patients with liver cirrhosis and 37 healthy controls of the same age and gender. The Neurometer® system for the CPT test was used to stimulate the median nerve on the right index finger, as well as the deep and superficial peroneal nerves on the right hallux, using three distinct parameters (2000 Hz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz). Comparative analysis was performed on the CPT values of the sensory nerves. Additionally, the correlation between CPT values and biochemical blood indicators in the study participants was analyzed.
Results: Under 2000 Hz electrical stimulation, there was a significant difference between the cirrhosis and healthy control groups in the median nerve as well as the deep and superficial peroneal nerves (p < 0.05). In addition, the median nerve CPT value of the cirrhosis group was significantly higher than that of the control group at an electrical stimulation frequency of 250 Hz (p = 0.005). There was no correlation between CPT values and blood biochemical indicators.
Conclusion: According to the results, the sensory peripheral neuropathy in liver cirrhosis is mainly manifested as Aβ fiber neuropathy.
{"title":"Evaluation of Quantitative and Selective Sensory Fiber Dysfunction in Patients with Cirrhosis.","authors":"Nan-Nan Zhang, Zhi-Yong Wang, Jian-Min Chen, Zhi-Peng Yan, Guo-Xin Ni, Jun Ni","doi":"10.2174/0115672026289490240115075046","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026289490240115075046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic liver disease has been reported to be associated with peripheral neuropathy. However, which sensory fibers are affected remains unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the function of sensory nerve fibers in patients with cirrhosis using the current perception threshold (CPT) test, as well as the correlation between blood biochemical indicators related to cirrhosis and CPT values.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 44 patients with liver cirrhosis and 37 healthy controls of the same age and gender. The Neurometer® system for the CPT test was used to stimulate the median nerve on the right index finger, as well as the deep and superficial peroneal nerves on the right hallux, using three distinct parameters (2000 Hz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz). Comparative analysis was performed on the CPT values of the sensory nerves. Additionally, the correlation between CPT values and biochemical blood indicators in the study participants was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under 2000 Hz electrical stimulation, there was a significant difference between the cirrhosis and healthy control groups in the median nerve as well as the deep and superficial peroneal nerves (p < 0.05). In addition, the median nerve CPT value of the cirrhosis group was significantly higher than that of the control group at an electrical stimulation frequency of 250 Hz (p = 0.005). There was no correlation between CPT values and blood biochemical indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results, the sensory peripheral neuropathy in liver cirrhosis is mainly manifested as Aβ fiber neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139577286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Neurointervention via Transradial Access (TRA) is becoming increasingly popular as experience with this technique increases. However, approximately 8.6-10.3% of complex TRA cases are converted to femoral access due to a lack of support or radial artery spasm. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the TRUST (trans-radial coaxial catheter technique using a short sheath, Simmons catheter, and Tethys intermediate catheter) technique in interventional procedures via TRA.
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 16 patients admitted to our institute between January 2023 to May 2023 to undergo endovascular interventions with the TRUST technique via the TRA.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 63.8 years, and 62.5% were male (10/16). The most common procedure was intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (93.75%, 15/16). All procedures were performed successfully, and the most common procedures in our cohort were ballooning (50.0%, 8/16), stenting (18.75%, 3/16), and both procedures combined (31.25%, 1/16). All procedures were performed using the TRA, and the distal and proximal radial arteries were used for access in 31.35% (5/16) and 68.75% (11/16) of the cases, respectively. Technical success was achieved in all patients and most cases demonstrated mTICI ≥2b recanalization (93.75%, 15/16). In this case, no major access-site complications occurred.
Conclusion: The TRUST technique is technically safe and feasible and had a high technical success rate and low complication rate in our study. These results demonstrate that the TRUST technique is a promising alternative for patients undergoing complex neurointerventions.
{"title":"TRUST Technique for Neurointervention: A Promising Alternative for Complex Cases.","authors":"Xinzhao Jiang, Peng Wang, Fang Liu, Huadong Wu, Peng Jiang, Ruozhen Yuan, Sheng Zhang, Zongjie Shi","doi":"10.2174/0115672026291503240105093155","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026291503240105093155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurointervention via Transradial Access (TRA) is becoming increasingly popular as experience with this technique increases. However, approximately 8.6-10.3% of complex TRA cases are converted to femoral access due to a lack of support or radial artery spasm. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the TRUST (trans-radial coaxial catheter technique using a short sheath, Simmons catheter, and Tethys intermediate catheter) technique in interventional procedures via TRA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 16 patients admitted to our institute between January 2023 to May 2023 to undergo endovascular interventions with the TRUST technique via the TRA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the study population was 63.8 years, and 62.5% were male (10/16). The most common procedure was intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (93.75%, 15/16). All procedures were performed successfully, and the most common procedures in our cohort were ballooning (50.0%, 8/16), stenting (18.75%, 3/16), and both procedures combined (31.25%, 1/16). All procedures were performed using the TRA, and the distal and proximal radial arteries were used for access in 31.35% (5/16) and 68.75% (11/16) of the cases, respectively. Technical success was achieved in all patients and most cases demonstrated mTICI ≥2b recanalization (93.75%, 15/16). In this case, no major access-site complications occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TRUST technique is technically safe and feasible and had a high technical success rate and low complication rate in our study. These results demonstrate that the TRUST technique is a promising alternative for patients undergoing complex neurointerventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026303708240321035356
Wenxin Yuan, Lu An, Yunchao Wang, Ce Zong, Yinghao Yang, Hua Jin, Yuan Gao, Limei Wang, Yusheng Li, Yuming Xu, Yan Ji
Objective: Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD). The study aimed to explore the relationship between Recent Small Subcortical Infarct (RSSI) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV).
Methods: A total of 588 patients from the CSVD registration research database of Henan Province were included in this study, and were divided into two groups according to the presence of RSSI. Clinical data, including demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory indexes, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiogram indicators, and imaging markers of CSVD, were collected. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to study the relationship between RSSI and indicators of laboratory, HRV and BPV in the CSVD population.
Results: Multivariate analysis showed that higher 24-hour mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)[Odds Ratios (OR)=1.083,95% Confidence Intervals (CI)=(1.038,1.129), p < 0.001], Standard Deviation (SD) of 24-hour DBP [OR=1.059,95%CI=(1.000,1.121), p = 0.049], nocturnal mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) [OR=1.020,95%CI=(1.004,1.035), p = 0.012], nocturnal mean DBP [OR=1.025,95%CI=(1.009,1.040), p = 0.002] were independent risk factors for RSSI. In contrast, the decrease of the standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) [OR=0.994,95%CI=(0.989,1.000), p = 0.035] was beneficial to the occurrence of RSSI. In addition, neutrophil counts [OR=1.138,95%CI=(1.030,1.258), p = 0.011], total cholesterol (TC) [OR=1.203,95%CI=(1.008,1.437), p = 0.041] and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) [OR=0.391, 95%CI=(0.195,0.786), p = 0.008] were also independently associated with the occurrence of RSSI. After adjusting for confounding factors, except for TC, the other factors remained associated with the occurrence of RSSI.
Conclusion: Increased 24-hour mean DBP, nocturnal mean SBP and DBP, SD of 24-hour DBP and decreased SDNN were independently correlated with RSSI occurrence, suggesting that sympathetic overactivity plays a role in the pathogenesis of RSSI.
{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship between Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts and Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction.","authors":"Wenxin Yuan, Lu An, Yunchao Wang, Ce Zong, Yinghao Yang, Hua Jin, Yuan Gao, Limei Wang, Yusheng Li, Yuming Xu, Yan Ji","doi":"10.2174/0115672026303708240321035356","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026303708240321035356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD). The study aimed to explore the relationship between Recent Small Subcortical Infarct (RSSI) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV), and Heart Rate Variability (HRV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 588 patients from the CSVD registration research database of Henan Province were included in this study, and were divided into two groups according to the presence of RSSI. Clinical data, including demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory indexes, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and electrocardiogram indicators, and imaging markers of CSVD, were collected. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to study the relationship between RSSI and indicators of laboratory, HRV and BPV in the CSVD population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis showed that higher 24-hour mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)[Odds Ratios (OR)=1.083,95% Confidence Intervals (CI)=(1.038,1.129), p < 0.001], Standard Deviation (SD) of 24-hour DBP [OR=1.059,95%CI=(1.000,1.121), p = 0.049], nocturnal mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) [OR=1.020,95%CI=(1.004,1.035), p = 0.012], nocturnal mean DBP [OR=1.025,95%CI=(1.009,1.040), p = 0.002] were independent risk factors for RSSI. In contrast, the decrease of the standard deviation of N-N intervals (SDNN) [OR=0.994,95%CI=(0.989,1.000), p = 0.035] was beneficial to the occurrence of RSSI. In addition, neutrophil counts [OR=1.138,95%CI=(1.030,1.258), p = 0.011], total cholesterol (TC) [OR=1.203,95%CI=(1.008,1.437), p = 0.041] and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) [OR=0.391, 95%CI=(0.195,0.786), p = 0.008] were also independently associated with the occurrence of RSSI. After adjusting for confounding factors, except for TC, the other factors remained associated with the occurrence of RSSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased 24-hour mean DBP, nocturnal mean SBP and DBP, SD of 24-hour DBP and decreased SDNN were independently correlated with RSSI occurrence, suggesting that sympathetic overactivity plays a role in the pathogenesis of RSSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1567202621999240223164624
Kenneth Maiese
{"title":"Migraine Disorders, Neurovascular Disease, and the Underlying Role of Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Kenneth Maiese","doi":"10.2174/1567202621999240223164624","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567202621999240223164624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139975075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.2174/0115672026302380240307091232
Qian Sun, Sheng-Nan Chen, Si-Yuan Yu, Fen Wang, Xiang Fu, Rui Chen, Jie Li
Aims: We evaluated endogenous melatonin levels in the acute phase of cerebral infarction and explored the impact of possible changes in melatonin levels on the prognosis of patients.
Methods: This study recruited acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients from the Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between December 2019 and June 2021, along with healthy control subjects. Salivary melatonin samples were collected from each participant between 7 pm and 10 pm, and fasting plasma was collected the following morning to measure the levels of inflammatory markers. The prognosis was assessed through follow-up three months after discharge. The relationship between melatonin levels and plasma inflammatory markers was assessed, followed by an analysis of the effect of melatonin levels on patient prognosis.
Results: The study enrolled a total of 160 participants, including 120 AIS patients aged 50 years or older (61.7% male) and 40 age-matched controls (55.0% male). The AIS group exhibited lower salivary melatonin levels at 19 (P = 0.002), 20 (P < 0.001), 21 (P < 0.001), and 22 (P < 0.001) o'clock, and the average melatonin level was also lower (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis models indicated an association between low melatonin levels and poor prognosis. Salivary melatonin levels demonstrated good predictive ability for the prognosis of AIS patients.
Conclusion: Melatonin levels were lower in AIS patients compared to controls. In addition, lower melatonin levels were associated with a poorer prognosis among AIS patients.
{"title":"Lower Melatonin Indicates Poor Short-term Prognosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Qian Sun, Sheng-Nan Chen, Si-Yuan Yu, Fen Wang, Xiang Fu, Rui Chen, Jie Li","doi":"10.2174/0115672026302380240307091232","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115672026302380240307091232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We evaluated endogenous melatonin levels in the acute phase of cerebral infarction and explored the impact of possible changes in melatonin levels on the prognosis of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study recruited acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients from the Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between December 2019 and June 2021, along with healthy control subjects. Salivary melatonin samples were collected from each participant between 7 pm and 10 pm, and fasting plasma was collected the following morning to measure the levels of inflammatory markers. The prognosis was assessed through follow-up three months after discharge. The relationship between melatonin levels and plasma inflammatory markers was assessed, followed by an analysis of the effect of melatonin levels on patient prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled a total of 160 participants, including 120 AIS patients aged 50 years or older (61.7% male) and 40 age-matched controls (55.0% male). The AIS group exhibited lower salivary melatonin levels at 19 (P = 0.002), 20 (P < 0.001), 21 (P < 0.001), and 22 (P < 0.001) o'clock, and the average melatonin level was also lower (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis models indicated an association between low melatonin levels and poor prognosis. Salivary melatonin levels demonstrated good predictive ability for the prognosis of AIS patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Melatonin levels were lower in AIS patients compared to controls. In addition, lower melatonin levels were associated with a poorer prognosis among AIS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93965,"journal":{"name":"Current neurovascular research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}