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This study analyzes medical practices related to hydatidosis in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. This parasitic zoonotic disease is recognized as a significant public health problem in South America. Nevertheless, it is included among the neglected diseases as classified by the World Health Organization - those that primarily affect the poorest populations living in rural, remote, or marginalized areas with limited access to health services. The objective is to examine how hydatidosis is configured as a health issue through an analysis of medical practices involved in its care, management, and research, from Global South perspectives. A qualitative design was employed, including interviews with healthcare professionals working in the field, as well as the construction of a documentary corpus comprising technical reports from 2015 to 2023 and public policies at different levels. The study identifies three main characteristics of practices related to hydatidosis in Santiago del Estero: (1) a medical management style marked by colonial and authoritarian traits, in tension with local technical autonomy and weakened by a lack of political support; (2) fragmented healthcare processes, with limited intersectoral coordination and a predominance of biomedical and technocratic models; and (3) health research aligned with global priorities, often disconnected from local needs. These dynamics reflect a structural dependence on standardized approaches, to the detriment of contextualized and comprehensive public health strategies.

Currently, there are no studies available on the criterion validity of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) that use an observer-rated measure of mother-baby bonding as a reference. Thus, this study analyses the PBQ using an observer-rated measure of mother-baby. This is a cross-sectional study of 100 women and their babies who were recruited via convenience sampling. The diagnostic capacity of the PBQ was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The ROC curves had AUC values ranging from 0.399 (95%CI: 0.227-0.513, p = 0.114) to 0.559 (95%CI: 0.475-0.642, p = 0.163). There was low criterion validity for the PBQ when using the Infant CARE-Index as a reference. The results are novel and make an important contribution to understanding the criterion validity of the PBQ. However, further research using different methods and populations is needed.

Transgender, travesti, and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people are more vulnerable to food insecurity due to stigma and discrimination related to their gender identity. However, there is a lack of qualitative research on this topic. Therefore, this study examines the vulnerability and experiences of trans people with respect to food insecurity. A qualitative systematic review was conducted by searching seven electronic databases for studies in March 2024. Qualitative studies on the experience of food insecurity among trans people were included. The quality of studies was assessed using CASP, while the GRADE-CERQual approach evaluated the reliability of findings, which were then analyzed using meta-synthesis with thematic analysis. A total of 673 records were identified, of which five were selected. The most applied technique was semi-structured interviews. In total, four categories emerged from the meta-synthesis: vulnerability to food insecurity, experience of hunger, repercussions, and coping strategies. The results showed that TGNC people face high levels of stigma, discrimination, and victimization, which impact their food insecurity across different areas of life. Structural barriers, such as limited access to food and stable employment, exacerbate this insecurity, with negative consequences for physical and mental health. Factors such as skin color/ethnicity, gender, gender-based violence and lack of safe housing also contribute to this situation, including forced prostitution as a result of social barriers. Support networks such as the "chosen family" play an important role in reducing these effects. For trans people, the complexity of experiencing food insecurity is linked to transphobia, which creates barriers and violates the right to adequate food. They cope with hunger by activating support networks and seeking food assistance from institutions.

The Yanomami Indigenous Territory is the largest in Brazil and was the stage of an emergency operation to address a health crisis involving the deaths of 570 children under five years of age from preventable causes between 2019 and 2022, resulting from illegal mining and the dismantling of the health system. In January 2023, a Public Health Emergency of National Concern was declared in this territory. The objective of the study was to analyze food and nutrition initiatives carried out by different actors in 2023 and 2024 in light of the commercial determinants of health. Through the analysis of documents and secondary data, 14 commercial actors, 27 nongovernmental organizations, and two international organizations were mapped. Among the 35 actions identified, food distribution (n = 16, 45.7%) and fundraising campaigns (n = 8, 22.8%) predominated and the majority (n = 27, 77.1%) occurred through interactions among the actors. In 81.3% (n = 13) of the food donations, the types of food were not described, but the donation of ultra-processed foods occurred. Commercial actors sought to position themselves as "partners" during the humanitarian crisis, working alongside nongovernmental actors who responded to the emergency situation. However, most initiatives lacked transparency, with no description of the foods donated or how the funds were used. The results indicate factors associated with reputation management and social washing practices carried out by commercial actors and nongovernmental organizations.

Global warming and obesity are two major global challenges. The intricate relationships between climate, lifestyle factors, and their combined impact on overweight remain to be fully elucidated. We aim to estimate the effect of ambient temperature on overweight and examine the role of physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption as indirect mediating pathways in Argentina. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2018 National Risk Factors Survey. Average air-temperature at 2m height (from ERA5 reanalysis data) was linked with individual-level data. A multilevel logistic generalized structural equation model was applied to examine the mediating effects of physical activity level and fruit/vegetable consumption on the association between ambient temperature and overweight, adjusted for sex, age, and educational level. The raw difference (95%CI) between the indirect effects was estimated using bootstrapping techniques (sample = 10,000, replicates = 5,000). An inverse association (direct effect) was observed between ambient temperature and overweight (c = -0.019, 95%CI: -0.034; -0.004). A one-unit increase in temperature was associated with higher log odds of fruit/vegetable consumption (a1 = 0.020, 95%CI: 0.005; 0.035) and lower log odds of having moderate (a21 = -0.015, 95%CI: -0.023; -0.007) and high (a22 = -0.059, 95%CI: -0.068; -0.049) physical activity levels, compared to low fruit/vegetable consumption and low physical activity level, respectively. However, the mediating effect of high physical activity level on the temperature-overweight relationship was of greater magnitude. In conclusion, ambient temperature influences fruit/vegetable consumption and physical activity, indirectly affecting nutritional status, with physical activity acting as the key mediator. This underscores the need to prioritize climate change adaptation strategies that promote physical activity.

Food insecurity refers to the lack of reliable access to quality food necessary for survival and well-being. It affects one's physical, emotional, and cognitive health across different life stages. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity in Brazilian households with no children/adolescents, one child/adolescent, or two or more children/adolescents, considering intersections of race/skin color, gender, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. We used data from 57,920 households from the 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Perceived food insecurity at the household level was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA, acronym in Portuguese), classifying households as food secure or experiencing any level of insecurity. A generalized linear regression model for complex sampling data, with binomial distribution and logarithmic link function, was adopted to verify the association between multiple variables and food insecurity prevalence. Overall, 36.7% (95%CI: 35.9; 37.5) of households experienced food insecurity with prevalence increasing as the number of children or adolescents rose (39%, 95%CI: 37.7; 40.2 in households with one child/adolescent and 51.3%, 95%CI: 50.0; 52.6 in those with two or more). Households earning less than 0.5 minimum wage had a food insecurity prevalence 3.4 times higher (95%CI: 3.2; 3.7) than those earning over two minimum wage. Food insecurity was also more prevalent in households headed by black/mixed-race individuals and when the number of children/adolescents was higher - except among black/mixed-race women, who experienced high food insecurity levels regardless of household composition. This study reinforces the deeply social nature of this public health issue and the urgent need for public policies to reduce social inequalities and structural racism in Brazil.

Childhood overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns, leading to metabolic consequences such as increased body mass index, larger waist circumference, and excess body fat. Multi-component school interventions that address both the obesogenic environment and individual behaviors have been recommended, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. This review and meta-analysis, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, examined the impact of multi-component interventions - including modifications to the school food environment - on adiposity and food consumption among children and adolescents. A search on MEDLINE, SciELO, CENTRAL, Clinical Trials, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science identified 51 eligible studies. The meta-analysis showed a small but significant reduction in waist circumference (MD: -0.70cm; 95%CI: -1.22, -0.19; I2 = 40%). Interventions were also linked to lower intake of unhealthy foods, total energy, total fat, saturated fat, and increased vegetable consumption. However, no consistent effects were observed for body mass index or body fat percentage. Study quality varied, and intervention designs and implementation strategies were heterogeneous; thus, results should be interpreted cautiously. These findings suggest that while school food environment interventions can improve some dietary behaviors and adiposity indicators, their effectiveness in preventing obesity remains inconclusive. Strengthening policies and ensuring long-term, structured interventions are crucial for meaningful and sustained health improvements in school settings.

This study analyzes the relationships between same-sex parenting and healthcare for couples, their children, and families in the context of public and private healthcare services. Through this analysis, we discuss the meanings attributed by individuals living in same-sex families to the search for health care and the care received. A qualitative approach was adopted grounded in narrative theory and the key concept of habitus. Open-ended interviews were used, with a question prompting the narratives of gay and lesbian couples. Conjugality and adoption were key scenarios. Appreciation, disillusionment, discomfort, and disqualification were the main meanings associated with conjugality. Adoption, in turn, was one of the main reasons for seeking healthcare. In terms of social actors, healthcare providers stood out - at times assessed positively, at times seen has having little preparation for providing care to gay and lesbian couples, involving situations of discomfort. The narratives comprised events and incidents, constituting temporal landmarks surrounding the experiences of couples seeking health care. In conclusion, relationships between same-sex couples and health care at public and private health services can be marked by discomfort.

Despite available instruments to assess peritraumatic reactions - such as tonic immobility, dissociation, and panic reactions - content overlap remains an issue. To date, no comprehensive tool integrates these dimensions into a single valid instrument. This study consolidates items from various sources to create a standalone solution, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. At several stages, experts examined potential content overlaps and redundancies in item components, supported by psychometric assessments using exploratory structural equation models and confirmatory factor analysis. The 29-item instrument exhibits robust configural and metric properties, including unique items per factor, high reliability, absence of content redundancy, and convergent and discriminant factorial validity. The provisionally named Peritraumatic Response Questionnaire (PTRQ) seems suitable for use in epidemiological studies in its current state. Further refinement may enhance its comprehensiveness and suitability for broader applications. Thus, we propose this instrument for assessing peritraumatic experiences, with potential for future enhancement by continued research.