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The aim of the present study was to assess generational differences in food consumption among Brazilian adults born between 1928 and 1988. Data from the 2008-2009 (n = 25,324) and 2017-2018 (n = 36,480) Brazilian National Dietary Surveys were analyzed. Foods were classified according to the degree of processing using the NOVA classification. Differences in consumption between generations were assessed by comparing individuals in the same age group in each survey. To assess the effect of income on the consumption of ultra-processed foods, a linear regression model was developed for each income quartile. A reduction in total calorie intake was found in younger generations in both sexes and all age groups. In 2017-2018, younger generations (20 to 39 years of age) with lower income levels consumed a greater frequency of ultra-processed foods compared to older generations. The percentage contribution of each NOVA classification group to total caloric intake was similar across generations. The analyses demonstrated generational differences in food consumption among Brazilian adults born between 1928 and 1988. Among individuals 20 to 39 years of age, those belonging to younger generations had a greater consumption of ultra-processed foods compared to older generations, but only among lower income groups.

This study analyzes medical practices related to hydatidosis in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. This parasitic zoonotic disease is recognized as a significant public health problem in South America. Nevertheless, it is included among the neglected diseases as classified by the World Health Organization - those that primarily affect the poorest populations living in rural, remote, or marginalized areas with limited access to health services. The objective is to examine how hydatidosis is configured as a health issue through an analysis of medical practices involved in its care, management, and research, from Global South perspectives. A qualitative design was employed, including interviews with healthcare professionals working in the field, as well as the construction of a documentary corpus comprising technical reports from 2015 to 2023 and public policies at different levels. The study identifies three main characteristics of practices related to hydatidosis in Santiago del Estero: (1) a medical management style marked by colonial and authoritarian traits, in tension with local technical autonomy and weakened by a lack of political support; (2) fragmented healthcare processes, with limited intersectoral coordination and a predominance of biomedical and technocratic models; and (3) health research aligned with global priorities, often disconnected from local needs. These dynamics reflect a structural dependence on standardized approaches, to the detriment of contextualized and comprehensive public health strategies.

Currently, there are no studies available on the criterion validity of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) that use an observer-rated measure of mother-baby bonding as a reference. Thus, this study analyses the PBQ using an observer-rated measure of mother-baby. This is a cross-sectional study of 100 women and their babies who were recruited via convenience sampling. The diagnostic capacity of the PBQ was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The ROC curves had AUC values ranging from 0.399 (95%CI: 0.227-0.513, p = 0.114) to 0.559 (95%CI: 0.475-0.642, p = 0.163). There was low criterion validity for the PBQ when using the Infant CARE-Index as a reference. The results are novel and make an important contribution to understanding the criterion validity of the PBQ. However, further research using different methods and populations is needed.

Transgender, travesti, and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people are more vulnerable to food insecurity due to stigma and discrimination related to their gender identity. However, there is a lack of qualitative research on this topic. Therefore, this study examines the vulnerability and experiences of trans people with respect to food insecurity. A qualitative systematic review was conducted by searching seven electronic databases for studies in March 2024. Qualitative studies on the experience of food insecurity among trans people were included. The quality of studies was assessed using CASP, while the GRADE-CERQual approach evaluated the reliability of findings, which were then analyzed using meta-synthesis with thematic analysis. A total of 673 records were identified, of which five were selected. The most applied technique was semi-structured interviews. In total, four categories emerged from the meta-synthesis: vulnerability to food insecurity, experience of hunger, repercussions, and coping strategies. The results showed that TGNC people face high levels of stigma, discrimination, and victimization, which impact their food insecurity across different areas of life. Structural barriers, such as limited access to food and stable employment, exacerbate this insecurity, with negative consequences for physical and mental health. Factors such as skin color/ethnicity, gender, gender-based violence and lack of safe housing also contribute to this situation, including forced prostitution as a result of social barriers. Support networks such as the "chosen family" play an important role in reducing these effects. For trans people, the complexity of experiencing food insecurity is linked to transphobia, which creates barriers and violates the right to adequate food. They cope with hunger by activating support networks and seeking food assistance from institutions.

Suicidal and self-injurious behaviors are major public health issues, disproportionately affecting youth. While global suicide rates declined, Brazil has seen a significant rise over recent decades. Considering the persistent social inequality in Brazil, especially among Black/Mixed-race women, an intersectional approach is essential to understanding how the combination of social identities impacts health. This study analyzes reported intentional self-inflicted injury rates among Brazilian people (18-30 years) from 2014 to 2023, according to race/skin color, sex, and their intersection. Data were obtained from official public records (Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases). Intentional self-inflicted injury rates were estimated nationally and by macroregion, for the population aged 18 to 30 years, according to race/skin color, sex, and their intersection. Brazilian national intentional self-inflicted injury rates increased 638% (24.2 to 178.5/100,000), with regional increases up to 969%. Females had higher rates than males, and Mixed-race individuals showed the steepest rise (890%). Intersectional analysis revealed that White females had the highest rates, but Mixed-race females experienced the most significant increase (914%). Regional variations were notable, Mixed-race females led in the North, Northeast and Central-West, while White females dominated the South and Southeast. Intentional self-inflicted injury rates surged among Brazilian people (18-30 years), particularly White/Mixed-race women and Mixed-race individuals, with substantial regional variation. Intersectional and contextual factors (healthcare access, gender, and socioeconomic) are likely contributors. These findings suggest combined effects of racial and gender inequities, policy responses must address intersectional vulnerabilities.

The Yanomami Indigenous Territory is the largest in Brazil and was the stage of an emergency operation to address a health crisis involving the deaths of 570 children under five years of age from preventable causes between 2019 and 2022, resulting from illegal mining and the dismantling of the health system. In January 2023, a Public Health Emergency of National Concern was declared in this territory. The objective of the study was to analyze food and nutrition initiatives carried out by different actors in 2023 and 2024 in light of the commercial determinants of health. Through the analysis of documents and secondary data, 14 commercial actors, 27 nongovernmental organizations, and two international organizations were mapped. Among the 35 actions identified, food distribution (n = 16, 45.7%) and fundraising campaigns (n = 8, 22.8%) predominated and the majority (n = 27, 77.1%) occurred through interactions among the actors. In 81.3% (n = 13) of the food donations, the types of food were not described, but the donation of ultra-processed foods occurred. Commercial actors sought to position themselves as "partners" during the humanitarian crisis, working alongside nongovernmental actors who responded to the emergency situation. However, most initiatives lacked transparency, with no description of the foods donated or how the funds were used. The results indicate factors associated with reputation management and social washing practices carried out by commercial actors and nongovernmental organizations.

Global warming and obesity are two major global challenges. The intricate relationships between climate, lifestyle factors, and their combined impact on overweight remain to be fully elucidated. We aim to estimate the effect of ambient temperature on overweight and examine the role of physical activity and fruit/vegetable consumption as indirect mediating pathways in Argentina. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2018 National Risk Factors Survey. Average air-temperature at 2m height (from ERA5 reanalysis data) was linked with individual-level data. A multilevel logistic generalized structural equation model was applied to examine the mediating effects of physical activity level and fruit/vegetable consumption on the association between ambient temperature and overweight, adjusted for sex, age, and educational level. The raw difference (95%CI) between the indirect effects was estimated using bootstrapping techniques (sample = 10,000, replicates = 5,000). An inverse association (direct effect) was observed between ambient temperature and overweight (c = -0.019, 95%CI: -0.034; -0.004). A one-unit increase in temperature was associated with higher log odds of fruit/vegetable consumption (a1 = 0.020, 95%CI: 0.005; 0.035) and lower log odds of having moderate (a21 = -0.015, 95%CI: -0.023; -0.007) and high (a22 = -0.059, 95%CI: -0.068; -0.049) physical activity levels, compared to low fruit/vegetable consumption and low physical activity level, respectively. However, the mediating effect of high physical activity level on the temperature-overweight relationship was of greater magnitude. In conclusion, ambient temperature influences fruit/vegetable consumption and physical activity, indirectly affecting nutritional status, with physical activity acting as the key mediator. This underscores the need to prioritize climate change adaptation strategies that promote physical activity.

Food insecurity refers to the lack of reliable access to quality food necessary for survival and well-being. It affects one's physical, emotional, and cognitive health across different life stages. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity in Brazilian households with no children/adolescents, one child/adolescent, or two or more children/adolescents, considering intersections of race/skin color, gender, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. We used data from 57,920 households from the 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Perceived food insecurity at the household level was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA, acronym in Portuguese), classifying households as food secure or experiencing any level of insecurity. A generalized linear regression model for complex sampling data, with binomial distribution and logarithmic link function, was adopted to verify the association between multiple variables and food insecurity prevalence. Overall, 36.7% (95%CI: 35.9; 37.5) of households experienced food insecurity with prevalence increasing as the number of children or adolescents rose (39%, 95%CI: 37.7; 40.2 in households with one child/adolescent and 51.3%, 95%CI: 50.0; 52.6 in those with two or more). Households earning less than 0.5 minimum wage had a food insecurity prevalence 3.4 times higher (95%CI: 3.2; 3.7) than those earning over two minimum wage. Food insecurity was also more prevalent in households headed by black/mixed-race individuals and when the number of children/adolescents was higher - except among black/mixed-race women, who experienced high food insecurity levels regardless of household composition. This study reinforces the deeply social nature of this public health issue and the urgent need for public policies to reduce social inequalities and structural racism in Brazil.

Childhood overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns, leading to metabolic consequences such as increased body mass index, larger waist circumference, and excess body fat. Multi-component school interventions that address both the obesogenic environment and individual behaviors have been recommended, but their effectiveness remains uncertain. This review and meta-analysis, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, examined the impact of multi-component interventions - including modifications to the school food environment - on adiposity and food consumption among children and adolescents. A search on MEDLINE, SciELO, CENTRAL, Clinical Trials, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science identified 51 eligible studies. The meta-analysis showed a small but significant reduction in waist circumference (MD: -0.70cm; 95%CI: -1.22, -0.19; I2 = 40%). Interventions were also linked to lower intake of unhealthy foods, total energy, total fat, saturated fat, and increased vegetable consumption. However, no consistent effects were observed for body mass index or body fat percentage. Study quality varied, and intervention designs and implementation strategies were heterogeneous; thus, results should be interpreted cautiously. These findings suggest that while school food environment interventions can improve some dietary behaviors and adiposity indicators, their effectiveness in preventing obesity remains inconclusive. Strengthening policies and ensuring long-term, structured interventions are crucial for meaningful and sustained health improvements in school settings.

This study analyzes the relationships between same-sex parenting and healthcare for couples, their children, and families in the context of public and private healthcare services. Through this analysis, we discuss the meanings attributed by individuals living in same-sex families to the search for health care and the care received. A qualitative approach was adopted grounded in narrative theory and the key concept of habitus. Open-ended interviews were used, with a question prompting the narratives of gay and lesbian couples. Conjugality and adoption were key scenarios. Appreciation, disillusionment, discomfort, and disqualification were the main meanings associated with conjugality. Adoption, in turn, was one of the main reasons for seeking healthcare. In terms of social actors, healthcare providers stood out - at times assessed positively, at times seen has having little preparation for providing care to gay and lesbian couples, involving situations of discomfort. The narratives comprised events and incidents, constituting temporal landmarks surrounding the experiences of couples seeking health care. In conclusion, relationships between same-sex couples and health care at public and private health services can be marked by discomfort.