Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2367584
Oishi Sikdar, Christopher Harris, Anne Greenough
Introduction: Bronchopulmonary disease (BPD) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental and cardiorespiratory complications, often requiring significant use of resources. To reduce this healthcare burden, it is essential that those at high risk of BPD are identified early so that strategies are introduced to prevent disease progression. Our aim was to discuss potential methods for improving early diagnosis in the first week after birth.
Areas covered: A narrative review was undertaken. The search strategy involved searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from 1967 to 2024. The results of potential biomarkers and imaging modes are discussed. Furthermore, the value of scoring systems is explored.
Expert opinion: BPD occurs as a result of disruption to pulmonary vascular and alveolar development, thus abnormal levels of factors regulating those processes are promising avenues to explore with regard to early detection of high-risk infants. Data from twin studies suggests genetic factors can be attributed to 82% of the observed difference in moderate to severe BPD, but large genome-wide studies have yielded conflicting results. Comparative studies are required to determine which biomarker or imaging mode may most accurately diagnose early BPD development. Models which include the most predictive factors should be evaluated going forward.
{"title":"Improving early diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.","authors":"Oishi Sikdar, Christopher Harris, Anne Greenough","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2367584","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2367584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bronchopulmonary disease (BPD) is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental and cardiorespiratory complications, often requiring significant use of resources. To reduce this healthcare burden, it is essential that those at high risk of BPD are identified early so that strategies are introduced to prevent disease progression. Our aim was to discuss potential methods for improving early diagnosis in the first week after birth.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A narrative review was undertaken. The search strategy involved searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases from 1967 to 2024. The results of potential biomarkers and imaging modes are discussed. Furthermore, the value of scoring systems is explored.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>BPD occurs as a result of disruption to pulmonary vascular and alveolar development, thus abnormal levels of factors regulating those processes are promising avenues to explore with regard to early detection of high-risk infants. Data from twin studies suggests genetic factors can be attributed to 82% of the observed difference in moderate to severe BPD, but large genome-wide studies have yielded conflicting results. Comparative studies are required to determine which biomarker or imaging mode may most accurately diagnose early BPD development. Models which include the most predictive factors should be evaluated going forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01Epub Date: 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2365841
Andrea Portacci, Silvano Dragonieri, Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
Introduction: The use of monoclonal antibodies in patients with severe asthma has led clinicians to explore new levels of clinical improvement, as testified by the growing interest on clinical remission achievement. In this context, a major role is played by asthma-related comorbidities, which can influence asthma pathophysiology and treatment response.
Areas covered: In this special report, we highlighted how asthma-related comorbidities could deeply affect monoclonal antibody response as well as clinical remission achievement. As examples, we provided data from clinical trials and real-life experiences involving patients with severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) or bronchiectasis.
Expert opinion: Comorbidities associated with severe asthma development should be carefully assessed in everyday clinical practice, even with the help of new diagnostic technologies, artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary teams. Future studies should address the role of comorbidities in remission achievement, describing how these diseases could generate new trajectories of clinical and functional response in patient treated with monoclonal antibodies.
{"title":"Type-2 severe asthma comorbidities in the era of biologics: time to rethink clinical response?","authors":"Andrea Portacci, Silvano Dragonieri, Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2365841","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2365841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of monoclonal antibodies in patients with severe asthma has led clinicians to explore new levels of clinical improvement, as testified by the growing interest on clinical remission achievement. In this context, a major role is played by asthma-related comorbidities, which can influence asthma pathophysiology and treatment response.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this special report, we highlighted how asthma-related comorbidities could deeply affect monoclonal antibody response as well as clinical remission achievement. As examples, we provided data from clinical trials and real-life experiences involving patients with severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) or bronchiectasis.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Comorbidities associated with severe asthma development should be carefully assessed in everyday clinical practice, even with the help of new diagnostic technologies, artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary teams. Future studies should address the role of comorbidities in remission achievement, describing how these diseases could generate new trajectories of clinical and functional response in patient treated with monoclonal antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2340470
George Kassianos, Jean-Marie Cohen, R. Čivljak, N. Davidovitch, Oana Falup Pecurariu, Filipe Froes, Andrei Galev, Inga Ivaskeviciene, Kadri Kõivumägi, Zuzana Kristufkova, Ernest Kuchar, Jan Kyncl, H. Maltezou, Miloš Marković, A. Nitsch-Osuch, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu, Alessandro Rossi, Jörg Schelling, G. A. van Essen, D. Zavadska
INTRODUCTION The Raise Awareness of Influenza Strategies in Europe (RAISE) group gathered information about the healthcare burden of influenza (hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and excess deaths), surveillance systems, and the vaccine coverage rate (VCR) in older adults in 18 European countries and Israel. AREAS COVERED Published medical literature and official medical documentation on the influenza disease burden in the participating countries were reviewed from 2010/11 until the 2022/23 influenza seasons. Information on the framework for monitoring the disease burden and the provision for ensuring older adults had access to vaccination in their respective countries was provided. Data on influenza VCR in older adults were collected for the 2019/20 to 2022/23 influenza seasons. Data are reported descriptively. EXPERT OPINION Influenza presents a significant healthcare burden in older adults. Reporting outcomes across participating countries is heterogeneous, highlighting the need for standardized approaches. Although older adults receive free influenza vaccination, vaccine uptake is highly variable among countries. Moreover, hospitalization rates remain high even in countries reporting a high VCR. Increased awareness and education on the burden of disease and the broader use of improved influenza vaccines for older adults may help reduce the disease burden on this population.
{"title":"The influenza landscape and vaccination coverage in older adults during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic: data from Several European Countries and Israel.","authors":"George Kassianos, Jean-Marie Cohen, R. Čivljak, N. Davidovitch, Oana Falup Pecurariu, Filipe Froes, Andrei Galev, Inga Ivaskeviciene, Kadri Kõivumägi, Zuzana Kristufkova, Ernest Kuchar, Jan Kyncl, H. Maltezou, Miloš Marković, A. Nitsch-Osuch, Raul Ortiz de Lejarazu, Alessandro Rossi, Jörg Schelling, G. A. van Essen, D. Zavadska","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2340470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2024.2340470","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The Raise Awareness of Influenza Strategies in Europe (RAISE) group gathered information about the healthcare burden of influenza (hospitalizations, intensive care unit [ICU] admissions, and excess deaths), surveillance systems, and the vaccine coverage rate (VCR) in older adults in 18 European countries and Israel.\u0000\u0000\u0000AREAS COVERED\u0000Published medical literature and official medical documentation on the influenza disease burden in the participating countries were reviewed from 2010/11 until the 2022/23 influenza seasons. Information on the framework for monitoring the disease burden and the provision for ensuring older adults had access to vaccination in their respective countries was provided. Data on influenza VCR in older adults were collected for the 2019/20 to 2022/23 influenza seasons. Data are reported descriptively.\u0000\u0000\u0000EXPERT OPINION\u0000Influenza presents a significant healthcare burden in older adults. Reporting outcomes across participating countries is heterogeneous, highlighting the need for standardized approaches. Although older adults receive free influenza vaccination, vaccine uptake is highly variable among countries. Moreover, hospitalization rates remain high even in countries reporting a high VCR. Increased awareness and education on the burden of disease and the broader use of improved influenza vaccines for older adults may help reduce the disease burden on this population.","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2324083
Luca Bertolaccini, Monica Casiraghi, Clarissa Uslenghi, Cristina Diotti, Antonio Mazzella, Giovanni Caffarena, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Introduction: The evolving landscape of surgical interventions for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) necessitates a reassessment of the traditional gold standard of lobectomy versus emerging sublobar resections, prompting this critical narrative review.
Areas covered: This review encompasses recent randomized controlled trials, notably JCOG0802/WJOG4607L and CALGB140503, comparing lobectomy and sublobar resections for early-stage NSCLC, focusing on tumor size and recurrence rates. It also discusses the importance of individualized decision-making, future research avenues, and technological advancements in lung cancer surgery.
Expert opinion: In this rapidly evolving field, sublobar resections emerge as a viable alternative to lobectomy for tumors smaller than 2 cm in early-stage NSCLC, necessitating precise patient selection and ongoing technological advancements to optimize outcomes.
{"title":"Advances in lung cancer surgery: the role of segmentectomy in early-stage management.","authors":"Luca Bertolaccini, Monica Casiraghi, Clarissa Uslenghi, Cristina Diotti, Antonio Mazzella, Giovanni Caffarena, Lorenzo Spaggiari","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2324083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2024.2324083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The evolving landscape of surgical interventions for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) necessitates a reassessment of the traditional gold standard of lobectomy versus emerging sublobar resections, prompting this critical narrative review.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review encompasses recent randomized controlled trials, notably JCOG0802/WJOG4607L and CALGB140503, comparing lobectomy and sublobar resections for early-stage NSCLC, focusing on tumor size and recurrence rates. It also discusses the importance of individualized decision-making, future research avenues, and technological advancements in lung cancer surgery.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In this rapidly evolving field, sublobar resections emerge as a viable alternative to lobectomy for tumors smaller than 2 cm in early-stage NSCLC, necessitating precise patient selection and ongoing technological advancements to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140061597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease commonly diagnosed in the elderly, often in advanced stages. However, elderly patients with lung cancer can benefit from surgery, provided that postoperative risks are assessed appropriately before surgery. Frailty is a measure of age-related impaired functional status and a predictor of mortality and morbidity. However, its importance as a preoperative marker is not well defined.
Areas covered: This systematic review discusses the importance of preoperative frailty screening in elderly patients with NSCLC. A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database in June 2023, and relevant studies on frailty or preoperative assessment of NSCLC which were published between 2000 and 2023 were retained and discussed in this review.
Expert opinion: Among the types of existing methods used to assess frailty those on the geriatric assessment seem to be the most appropriate; however, they are unable to fully capture the 'surgical' frailty; thus, other instruments should be developed and validated in NSCLC.
{"title":"Preoperative frailty screening in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer surgery: an essential step for a good surgical outcome.","authors":"Radu Iacobescu, Sabina Antonela Antoniu, Alina Delia Popa, Mariana Pavel-Tanase, Teodora Alexa Stratulat","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2349579","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2349579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a disease commonly diagnosed in the elderly, often in advanced stages. However, elderly patients with lung cancer can benefit from surgery, provided that postoperative risks are assessed appropriately before surgery. Frailty is a measure of age-related impaired functional status and a predictor of mortality and morbidity. However, its importance as a preoperative marker is not well defined.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This systematic review discusses the importance of preoperative frailty screening in elderly patients with NSCLC. A literature search was performed on the MEDLINE database in June 2023, and relevant studies on frailty or preoperative assessment of NSCLC which were published between 2000 and 2023 were retained and discussed in this review.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Among the types of existing methods used to assess frailty those on the geriatric assessment seem to be the most appropriate; however, they are unable to fully capture the 'surgical' frailty; thus, other instruments should be developed and validated in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2361037
Navneet Singh, Nadine Al-Naamani, Mary Beth Brown, Gary Marshall Long, Thenappan Thenappan, Soban Umar, Corey E Ventetuolo, Tim Lahm
Introduction: Extrapulmonary manifestations of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may play a critical pathobiological role and a deeper understanding will advance insight into mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. This manuscript reviews our understanding of extrapulmonary manifestations of PAH.
Areas covered: A group of experts was assembled and a complimentary PubMed search performed (October 2023 - March 2024). Inflammation is observed throughout the central nervous system and attempts at manipulation are an encouraging step toward novel therapeutics. Retinal vascular imaging holds promise as a noninvasive method of detecting early disease and monitoring treatment responses. PAH patients have gut flora alterations and dysbiosis likely plays a role in systemic inflammation. Despite inconsistent observations, the roles of obesity, insulin resistance and dysregulated metabolism may be illuminated by deep phenotyping of body composition. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is perpetuated by metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and hypoperfusion, but exercise training shows benefit. Renal, hepatic, and bone marrow abnormalities are observed in PAH and may represent both end-organ damage and disease modifiers.
Expert opinion: Insights into systemic manifestations of PAH will illuminate disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Additional study is needed to understand whether extrapulmonary manifestations are a cause or effect of PAH and how manipulation may affect outcomes.
{"title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of pulmonary arterial hypertension.","authors":"Navneet Singh, Nadine Al-Naamani, Mary Beth Brown, Gary Marshall Long, Thenappan Thenappan, Soban Umar, Corey E Ventetuolo, Tim Lahm","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2361037","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2361037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extrapulmonary manifestations of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may play a critical pathobiological role and a deeper understanding will advance insight into mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. This manuscript reviews our understanding of extrapulmonary manifestations of PAH.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A group of experts was assembled and a complimentary PubMed search performed (October 2023 - March 2024). Inflammation is observed throughout the central nervous system and attempts at manipulation are an encouraging step toward novel therapeutics. Retinal vascular imaging holds promise as a noninvasive method of detecting early disease and monitoring treatment responses. PAH patients have gut flora alterations and dysbiosis likely plays a role in systemic inflammation. Despite inconsistent observations, the roles of obesity, insulin resistance and dysregulated metabolism may be illuminated by deep phenotyping of body composition. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is perpetuated by metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and hypoperfusion, but exercise training shows benefit. Renal, hepatic, and bone marrow abnormalities are observed in PAH and may represent both end-organ damage and disease modifiers.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Insights into systemic manifestations of PAH will illuminate disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Additional study is needed to understand whether extrapulmonary manifestations are a cause or effect of PAH and how manipulation may affect outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2363058
Javier Sayas, Cristina Lalmolda, Marta Corral, Pablo Flórez, Ana Hernández-Voth, Jean Paul Janssens, Claudio Rabec, Bruno Langevin, Frédéric Lofaso, Annalisa Carlucci, Claudia Llontop, Joao Carlos Winck, Jesús González Bermejo, Manel Lujan
Background: Thoraco-abdominal asynchrony (TAA) is usually assessed by respiratory inductance plethysmography. The main parameter used for its assessment is the calculation of the phase angle based on Lissajous plots. However, there are some mathematical limitations to its use.
Research design and methods: Sequences of five breaths were selected from a) normal subjects, b) COPD patients, both at rest and during exercise, and c) patients with obstructive apnea syndrome. Automated analysis was performed calculating phase angle, loop rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise), global phase delay and loop area. TAA severity was estimated quantitatively and in subgroups.
Results: 2290 cycles were analyzed (55% clockwise rotation). Phase angle ranged from -86.90 to + 88.4 degrees, while global phase delay ranged from -179.75 to + 178.54. Despite a good correlation with global phase delay (p < 0.01, ANOVA test), phase angle and loop area were not able to correctly classify breaths with severe deviation and paradoxical movements (p=ns, Bonferroni post hoc test).
Conclusions: Global phase delay covers the whole spectrum of TAA situations in a single value. It may be a relevant parameter for diagnosis and follow-up of clinical conditions leading to TAA.
Clinical trial registration: The trial from which the traces were obtained was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ;(identifier: NCT04597606).
{"title":"Measurement of thoraco-abdominal synchrony using respiratory inductance plethysmography: technical aspects and a proposal to overcome its limitations.","authors":"Javier Sayas, Cristina Lalmolda, Marta Corral, Pablo Flórez, Ana Hernández-Voth, Jean Paul Janssens, Claudio Rabec, Bruno Langevin, Frédéric Lofaso, Annalisa Carlucci, Claudia Llontop, Joao Carlos Winck, Jesús González Bermejo, Manel Lujan","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2363058","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2363058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thoraco-abdominal asynchrony (TAA) is usually assessed by respiratory inductance plethysmography. The main parameter used for its assessment is the calculation of the phase angle based on Lissajous plots. However, there are some mathematical limitations to its use.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Sequences of five breaths were selected from a) normal subjects, b) COPD patients, both at rest and during exercise, and c) patients with obstructive apnea syndrome. Automated analysis was performed calculating phase angle, loop rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise), global phase delay and loop area. TAA severity was estimated quantitatively and in subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2290 cycles were analyzed (55% clockwise rotation). Phase angle ranged from -86.90 to + 88.4 degrees, while global phase delay ranged from -179.75 to + 178.54. Despite a good correlation with global phase delay (<i>p</i> < 0.01, ANOVA test), phase angle and loop area were not able to correctly classify breaths with severe deviation and paradoxical movements (p=ns, Bonferroni post hoc test).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Global phase delay covers the whole spectrum of TAA situations in a single value. It may be a relevant parameter for diagnosis and follow-up of clinical conditions leading to TAA.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>The trial from which the traces were obtained was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ;(identifier: NCT04597606).</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-05-22DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2356601
Merna H Emam, Reham S Elezaby, Shady A Swidan, Rania M Hathout
Introduction: Wearing protective face masks and respirators has been a necessity to reduce the transmission rate of respiratory viruses since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Nevertheless, the outbreak has revealed the need to develop efficient air filter materials and innovative anti-microbial protectives. Nanofibrous facemasks, either loaded with antiviral nanoparticles or not, are very promising personal protective equipment (PPE) against pandemic respiratory viruses.
Areas covered: In this review, multiple types of face masks and respirators are discussed as well as filtration mechanisms of particulates. In this regard, the limitations of traditional face masks were summarized and the advancement of nanotechnology in developing nanofibrous masks and air filters was discussed. Different methods of preparing nanofibers were explained. The various approaches used for enhancing nanofibrous face masks were covered.
Expert opinion: Although wearing conventional face masks can limit viral infection spread to some extent, the world is in great need for more protective face masks. Nanofibers can block viral particles efficiently and can be incorporated into face masks in order to enhance their filtration efficiency. Also, we believe that other modifications such as addition of antiviral nanoparticles can significantly increase the protection power of facemasks.
{"title":"Nanofiberous facemasks as protectives against pandemic respiratory viruses.","authors":"Merna H Emam, Reham S Elezaby, Shady A Swidan, Rania M Hathout","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2356601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2356601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wearing protective face masks and respirators has been a necessity to reduce the transmission rate of respiratory viruses since the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Nevertheless, the outbreak has revealed the need to develop efficient air filter materials and innovative anti-microbial protectives. Nanofibrous facemasks, either loaded with antiviral nanoparticles or not, are very promising personal protective equipment (PPE) against pandemic respiratory viruses.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>In this review, multiple types of face masks and respirators are discussed as well as filtration mechanisms of particulates. In this regard, the limitations of traditional face masks were summarized and the advancement of nanotechnology in developing nanofibrous masks and air filters was discussed. Different methods of preparing nanofibers were explained. The various approaches used for enhancing nanofibrous face masks were covered.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Although wearing conventional face masks can limit viral infection spread to some extent, the world is in great need for more protective face masks. Nanofibers can block viral particles efficiently and can be incorporated into face masks in order to enhance their filtration efficiency. Also, we believe that other modifications such as addition of antiviral nanoparticles can significantly increase the protection power of facemasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2358933
Andrés Calvache-Mateo, Gregory Reychler, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró, Javier Martín-Núñez, Araceli Ortiz-Rubio, Alba Navas-Otero, Marie Carmen Valenza
Introduction: To date, it is unknown whether respiratory training interventions can benefit Long COVID-19 patients. The main objective was to analyze the effects of respiratory training on patients with Long COVID-19, concretely on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, dyspnea, and functional capacity.
Methods: We performed a systematic review following PRISMA statement using PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro (last search November 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. We included randomized controlled trials testing the effect of respiratory training interventions in Long COVID-19 patients versus no intervention, control, or placebo intervention. The data was pooled, and a meta-analysis was complete.
Results: We selected 7 studies, which included 572 patients. Meta-analysis results show significant differences in favor of respiratory training in respiratory muscle strength (MD = 13.71; 95% CI = 5.41; 22; p = 0.001), dyspnea (SDM = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.33; 2.46; p = 0.01) and functional capacity (SDM = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.37; 1.43; p = 0.0009), but not in lung function (MD = 0.28; 95%CI = -0.27; 0.83; p = 0.32).
Conclusion: The results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that respiratory training improves respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in Long COVID-19 patients, as well as dyspnea if combined with therapeutic exercise. However, respiratory training does not improve lung function in these patients.
简介迄今为止,呼吸训练干预是否能为 Long COVID-19 患者带来益处尚不得而知。研究的主要目的是分析呼吸训练对 Long COVID-19 患者的影响,尤其是对呼吸肌力量、肺功能、呼吸困难和功能能力的影响:我们按照 PRISMA 声明,使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 PEDro(最后一次搜索时间为 2023 年 11 月)进行了系统性综述。使用 Cochrane 工具评估了偏倚风险。我们纳入了一些随机对照试验,这些试验检验了长 COVID-19 患者呼吸训练干预与无干预、对照或安慰剂干预的效果对比。我们对数据进行了汇总,并完成了一项荟萃分析:我们选择了 7 项研究,共纳入 572 名患者。荟萃分析结果显示,在呼吸肌力(MD = 13.71; 95% CI = 5.41; 22; p = 0.001)、呼吸困难(SDM = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.33; 2.46; p = 0.01)和功能能力(SDM = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.37; 1.43; p = 0.0009),但肺功能(MD = 0.28; 95%CI = -0.27; 0.83; p = 0.32)没有变化:本系统综述和荟萃分析的结果表明,呼吸训练可改善长 COVID-19 患者的呼吸肌力量和功能,如果与治疗性运动相结合,还可改善呼吸困难。然而,呼吸训练并不能改善这些患者的肺功能:CRD42022371820。
{"title":"Respiratory training effects in Long COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Andrés Calvache-Mateo, Gregory Reychler, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró, Javier Martín-Núñez, Araceli Ortiz-Rubio, Alba Navas-Otero, Marie Carmen Valenza","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2358933","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2358933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To date, it is unknown whether respiratory training interventions can benefit Long COVID-19 patients. The main objective was to analyze the effects of respiratory training on patients with Long COVID-19, concretely on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, dyspnea, and functional capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review following PRISMA statement using PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro (last search November 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. We included randomized controlled trials testing the effect of respiratory training interventions in Long COVID-19 patients versus no intervention, control, or placebo intervention. The data was pooled, and a meta-analysis was complete.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We selected 7 studies, which included 572 patients. Meta-analysis results show significant differences in favor of respiratory training in respiratory muscle strength (MD = 13.71; 95% CI = 5.41; 22; <i>p</i> = 0.001), dyspnea (SDM = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.33; 2.46; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and functional capacity (SDM = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.37; 1.43; <i>p</i> = 0.0009), but not in lung function (MD = 0.28; 95%CI = -0.27; 0.83; <i>p</i> = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that respiratory training improves respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in Long COVID-19 patients, as well as dyspnea if combined with therapeutic exercise. However, respiratory training does not improve lung function in these patients.</p><p><strong>Review registration prospero identifier: </strong>CRD42022371820.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2355155
Micheál Mac Aogáin, Pei Yee Tiew, Tavleen Kaur Jaggi, Jayanth Kumar Narayana, Shivani Singh, Philip M Hansbro, Leopoldo N Segal, Sanjay H Chotirmall
Introduction: This review summarizes our current understanding of the respiratory microbiome in COPD and Bronchiectasis. We explore the interplay between microbial communities, host immune responses, disease pathology, and treatment outcomes.
Areas covered: We detail the dynamics of the airway microbiome, its influence on chronic respiratory diseases, and analytical challenges. Relevant articles from PubMed and Medline (January 2010-March 2024) were retrieved and summarized. We examine clinical correlations of the microbiome in COPD and bronchiectasis, assessing how current therapies impact upon it. The potential of emerging immunotherapies, antiinflammatories and antimicrobial strategies is discussed, with focus on the pivotal role of commensal taxa in maintaining respiratory health and the promising avenue of microbiome remodeling for disease management.
Expert opinion: Given the heterogeneity in microbiome composition and its pivotal role in disease development and progression, a shift toward microbiome-directed therapeutics is appealing. This transition, from traditional 'pathogencentric' diagnostic and treatment modalities to those acknowledging the microbiome, can be enabled by evolving crossdisciplinary platforms which have the potential to accelerate microbiome-based interventions into routine clinical practice. Bridging the gap between comprehensive microbiome analysis and clinical application, however, remains challenging, necessitating continued innovation in research, diagnostics, trials, and therapeutic development pipelines.
{"title":"Targeting respiratory microbiomes in COPD and bronchiectasis.","authors":"Micheál Mac Aogáin, Pei Yee Tiew, Tavleen Kaur Jaggi, Jayanth Kumar Narayana, Shivani Singh, Philip M Hansbro, Leopoldo N Segal, Sanjay H Chotirmall","doi":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2355155","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17476348.2024.2355155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review summarizes our current understanding of the respiratory microbiome in COPD and Bronchiectasis. We explore the interplay between microbial communities, host immune responses, disease pathology, and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We detail the dynamics of the airway microbiome, its influence on chronic respiratory diseases, and analytical challenges. Relevant articles from PubMed and Medline (January 2010-March 2024) were retrieved and summarized. We examine clinical correlations of the microbiome in COPD and bronchiectasis, assessing how current therapies impact upon it. The potential of emerging immunotherapies, antiinflammatories and antimicrobial strategies is discussed, with focus on the pivotal role of commensal taxa in maintaining respiratory health and the promising avenue of microbiome remodeling for disease management.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Given the heterogeneity in microbiome composition and its pivotal role in disease development and progression, a shift toward microbiome-directed therapeutics is appealing. This transition, from traditional 'pathogencentric' diagnostic and treatment modalities to those acknowledging the microbiome, can be enabled by evolving crossdisciplinary platforms which have the potential to accelerate microbiome-based interventions into routine clinical practice. Bridging the gap between comprehensive microbiome analysis and clinical application, however, remains challenging, necessitating continued innovation in research, diagnostics, trials, and therapeutic development pipelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":94007,"journal":{"name":"Expert review of respiratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}